Abstract:

Exploring changes in landscape patterns and their driving forces is an important foundation for landscape pattern optimization, ecological protection, and construction management in nature reserves. Based on the remote sensing image data of Fengxi Provincial Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province in 2010, 2015, and 2020, the evolution patterns and driving forces of landscape patterns were explored through the analysis of dynamic degree, transfer matrix, landscape pattern index, etc., by using ArcGIS, ENVI, and FRAGSTATS. The results showed that 1) forest was the main type of land use in the nature reserve, accounting for approximately 61.9% of the total area. From 2010 to 2020, the forest and water areas continuously decreased, while the cultivated and construction land continuously increased. The comprehensive dynamic degree of land use decreased from 1.87% to 1.75%, showing an overall decreasing trend. The landscape pattern changes tended to be stable. The maximum amount of land transferred out from the reserve was forestland, with an area of 2.03×10³ hm², while the maximum amount of land transferred into the reserve was grassland, with an area of 1.28×10³ hm². The area of cultivated land transferred in was about 3.3 times that transferred out, with an overall increase of about 800 hm². 2) Forest was the main landscape of reserve, with the largest patch dominance and the smallest fragmentation, and good landscape connectivity. From 2010 to 2020, the fragmentation of arable land, construction land, and water bodies decreased, but connectivity increased; grass has the highest fragmentation and reduced connectivity. In 2020, the landscape fragmentation index FN increased to 0.54, when the degree of landscape fragmentation in the entire protected area was the highest; the Shannon diversity index (SHDI) increased from 0.75 to 1.06, and the Shannon evenness index (SHEI) increased from 0.47 to 0.66, indicating that the connectivity of the dominant landscape decreased, the area gap between different landscape types decreased, and the heterogeneity of the nature reserve's landscape increased. 3) According to principal component analysis, the population in the reserve has the highest loading value of 0.997 on the first principal component, followed by the total economic income of the protected area, tourist volume, per capita annual income of residents, distribution of residential areas, annual average temperature, grapefruit cultivation, and quarries. The changes in the landscape pattern of the nature reserve were mainly influenced by socio-economic factors. Among them, the population of the nature reserve, the total income of the nature reserve, and the number of tourists were the main driving forces of the landscape pattern of the nature reserve.

Key words: nature reserves, landscape pattern, landscape index, transfer matrix, driving force

摘要：

探究景观格局变化及其驱动力是自然保护区景观格局优化、生态保护和建设管理的重要基础。基于广东省丰溪省级保护区2010、2015、2020年的遥感影像数据，借助ArcGIS、ENVI和FRAGSTATS等软件，通过分析动态度、转移矩阵、景观格局指数等探究景观格局的演变规律，并对其驱动力进行探讨。结果表明，1）保护区土地利用类型以林地为主，约占区域总面积的61.9%；2010-2020年间，林地和水域持续减少，耕地和建设用地持续增多，土地利用综合动态度由1.87%减少至1.75%，整体呈减少趋势，景观格局变化趋于平稳。保护区林地的转出量最大，转出面积有2.03×10³ hm²；草地的转入量最大，转入面积有1.28×10³ hm²；耕地的转入面积约为转出面积的3.3倍，整体增加约800 hm²。2）林地是保护区的主体景观，其斑块优势度最大，破碎度最小，景观连通性较好。2010-2020年间，耕地、建筑用地和水域的破碎度降低，连通度升高；草地的破碎度最大，连通性能减低。2020年，景观破碎度指数FN升高至0.54，此时整个保护区景观的破碎程度最大；香农多样性指数SHDI由0.75上升至1.06，香农均匀度指数SHEI由0.47上升至0.66，优势景观的连通性下降，各景观类型的面积差距变小，保护区的景观异质性增强。3）由主成分分析可知，保护区人口在第一主成分上载荷值最高，为0.997，其次是保护区经济总收入、游客量、居民人均年收入、居民点分布、年平均气温、柚子种植和采石场。保护区景观格局变化主要受社会经济因素的影响，其中，保护区人口、保护区经济总收入和游客量是保护区景观格局的主要驱动力。

关键词: 自然保护区, 景观格局, 景观指数, 转移矩阵, 驱动力