Characteristics and Driving Forces of Land Use Change in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.10.001

Ecology and Environment ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (10): 1927-1938.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.10.001

• Research Articles • Next Articles

Characteristics and Driving Forces of Land Use Change in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020

FU Le¹^,²^,³(), CHI Yanyan¹^,²^,³^,^*(), YU Yang¹^,³, ZHANG Liping¹^,²^,³, LIU Siyang¹^,²^,³, WANG Xiahui¹^,²^,³, XU Kaipeng¹^,²^,³, WANG Jingjing¹^,²^,³, ZHANG Xin¹^,²^,³

1. Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, P. R. China
2. Center of Eco-Environmental Zoning, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, P. R. China
3. Yellow River Ecological Civilization Research Center, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, P. R. China

Received:2022-05-10 Online:2022-10-18 Published:2022-12-09
Contact: CHI Yanyan

2000—2020年黄河流域土地利用变化特征及影响因素分析

付乐¹^,²^,³(), 迟妍妍¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 于洋¹^,³, 张丽苹¹^,²^,³, 刘斯洋¹^,²^,³, 王夏晖¹^,²^,³, 许开鹏¹^,²^,³, 王晶晶¹^,²^,³, 张信¹^,²^,³

1.生态环境部环境规划院，北京 100012
2.生态环境部环境规划院生态环境区划中心，北京 100012
3.生态环境部环境规划院黄河生态文明研究中心，北京 100012

通讯作者: 迟妍妍
作者简介:付乐（1992年生），男，助理研究员，硕士，研究方向为生态环境空间管控等。E-mail: fule@caep.org.cn
基金资助:
中国工程院重大咨询研究项目“黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展战略研究（二期）”(2021-149-1)

Abstract

Abstract:

Since land use change is an important representation of human-nature interactions, it is of great significance to study the spatial-temporal pattern and driving factors of land use change for the planning and implementation of the national strategy of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. With the data on land use of the Yellow River basin in 2000, 2010 and 2020, the characteristics and driving factors of land-use change were explored by means of the spatial analysis and mathematical statistics at the different scales. The results show that (1) the multi-year average proportions of grassland and farmland in the Yellow River basin were 47.9%±0.38% and 26.5%±0.69% respectively. Grassland was widely distributed in the middle and upper reaches, while farmland was concentrated in the lower reaches, indicating their responsibilities of ensuring national ecological security and food security in their corresponding regions. (2) The intensity of land use in 2010-2020 was much higher than that in 2000-2010 with the area of land use change and comprehensive land use dynamic degree increased by about 8 and 15 times, respectively. (3) Land use changes in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020 were characterized by the increase in urban land, grasslands and forests and decrease in farmland, that is, the urban land was expanded by 1.08×10⁴ km² with 58% of newly-increased area converted from farmland which was mainly occurred in the urban agglomerations in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Grasslands and forests were increased by 0.91×10⁴ km² with 75% of newly-increased area converted from farmland, which mainly occurred in the source area, as well as Qinghai and Gansu, the upstream areas of the Yellow River. The farmland was reduced by 1.30×10⁴ km² with 48% and 37% of them converted into urban land and grasslands, which mainly occurred in the plain areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. (4) The land use changes in the Yellow River Basin were mainly driven by the factors, such as climate change, socio-economic development and policy implementation. Comprehensively driven by the warming and wetting climate, ecological protection and restoration policies and project implementation, the areas of forest and grass and watershed wetlands have increased and the quality of the ecosystem has also improved. However, under the background of increasing population scale and rapid economic development, the agricultural land has been seriously occupied for construction land. Therefore, the conflict between urbanization and ecological protection is becoming more prominent.

Key words: Yellow River Basin, land use, spatial and temporal changes, transfer matrix, influencing factor

摘要：

土地利用变化是人类与自然相互作用的重要表征。研究黄河流域土地利用变化特征及其驱动因素，可为黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展战略的实施提供参考。根据黄河流域2000、2010和2020年3期土地利用数据，运用空间分析与数理统计方法定量分析了流域不同尺度下的土地利用变化特征，分析了影响土地利用类型变化的主要因素。结果表明，（1）黄河流域草地和农田占比多年平均值分别为47.9%±0.38%、26.5%±0.69%，草地广泛分布于中上游，农田集中分布于下游，表明黄河上中下游分别承担着保障国家生态安全和粮食安全的重任。（2）2010—2020年的土地利用变化强度远高于2000—2010年，土地利用发生转变的面积和综合土地利用动态度分别增加了约8倍和15倍。（3）2000—2020年黄河流域土地利用类型变化以城镇、草地和森林增加和农田减少为主，城镇扩张了1.08×10⁴ km²，主要发生在黄河中下游的城市群，新增规模的58%是农田；草地和森林等生态用地增加了0.91×10⁴ km²，主要发生在黄河源头区和上游地区的青海和甘肃，新增规模的75%是农田；农田缩减了1.30×10⁴ km²，主要发生在黄河中、下游地区的平原地带，48%和37%的农田转换成城镇和草地。（4）气候变化、社会经济和政策实施是影响黄河流域土地利用变化的主要因素。在气候变暖变湿、生态保护修复政策和工程实施的双重驱动下，林草植被和水域湿地等面积有所增加，生态系统质量有所改善。同时，在人口规模和经济快速发展的背景下，城镇建设用地对农田的侵占非常严重，人地矛盾更加突出。

关键词: 黄河流域, 土地利用, 时空变化, 转移矩阵, 影响因素

CLC Number:

X144

FU Le, CHI Yanyan, YU Yang, ZHANG Liping, LIU Siyang, WANG Xiahui, XU Kaipeng, WANG Jingjing, ZHANG Xin. Characteristics and Driving Forces of Land Use Change in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(10): 1927-1938.

付乐, 迟妍妍, 于洋, 张丽苹, 刘斯洋, 王夏晖, 许开鹏, 王晶晶, 张信. 2000—2020年黄河流域土地利用变化特征及影响因素分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(10): 1927-1938.

Figures/Tables 13

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一级类型 Type I	二级类型 Type II
农田 Farmland	水田、旱地
森林 Forests	有林地、灌木林、疏林地、其它林地
草地 Grassland	高覆盖度草地、中覆盖度草地、低覆盖度草地
水域 Water area	河渠、湖泊、水库坑塘、永久性冰川雪地、滩涂、滩地
城镇 Urban land	城镇用地、农村居民点、其它建设用地
荒漠 Desert	沙地、戈壁
其他 Other	盐碱地、裸土地、裸岩石质地

一级类型 Type I	二级类型 Type II
农田 Farmland	水田、旱地
森林 Forests	有林地、灌木林、疏林地、其它林地
草地 Grassland	高覆盖度草地、中覆盖度草地、低覆盖度草地
水域 Water area	河渠、湖泊、水库坑塘、永久性冰川雪地、滩涂、滩地
城镇 Urban land	城镇用地、农村居民点、其它建设用地
荒漠 Desert	沙地、戈壁
其他 Other	盐碱地、裸土地、裸岩石质地

类型 Types	面积 Area/km²		比例Proportion/%		全流域变化 Changes in the Yellow River Basin		上游变化率 Upstream rate of change/%	中游变化率Midstream rate of change/%	下游变化率Downstream rate of change/%
类型 Types	2000年	2020年	2000年	2020年	变化量 Amount of change/km²	变化率 Rate of change/%	上游变化率 Upstream rate of change/%	中游变化率Midstream rate of change/%	下游变化率Downstream rate of change/%
农田 Farmland	215978	202968	27.22	25.57	-13010	-6.0	-3.8	-6.9	-4.4
森林 Forests	102624	106215	12.93	13.38	3591	3.5	3.8	3.7	-3.2
草地 Grassland	379149	384688	47.78	48.46	5539	1.5	2.0	0.9	-23.5
水域 Water area	12681	13550	1.60	1.71	869	6.9	10.3	0.2	22.0
城镇 Urban land	14801	25574	1.87	3.22	10773	72.8	51.9	78.2	35.6
荒漠 Desert	37405	34848	4.71	4.39	-2557	-6.8	-3.2	-7.9	-80.3
其他 Other	30945	25896	3.90	3.26	-5049	-16.3	-12.5	22.6	81.7

类型 Types	面积 Area/km²		比例Proportion/%		全流域变化 Changes in the Yellow River Basin		上游变化率 Upstream rate of change/%	中游变化率Midstream rate of change/%	下游变化率Downstream rate of change/%
类型 Types	2000年	2020年	2000年	2020年	变化量 Amount of change/km²	变化率 Rate of change/%	上游变化率 Upstream rate of change/%	中游变化率Midstream rate of change/%	下游变化率Downstream rate of change/%
农田 Farmland	215978	202968	27.22	25.57	-13010	-6.0	-3.8	-6.9	-4.4
森林 Forests	102624	106215	12.93	13.38	3591	3.5	3.8	3.7	-3.2
草地 Grassland	379149	384688	47.78	48.46	5539	1.5	2.0	0.9	-23.5
水域 Water area	12681	13550	1.60	1.71	869	6.9	10.3	0.2	22.0
城镇 Urban land	14801	25574	1.87	3.22	10773	72.8	51.9	78.2	35.6
荒漠 Desert	37405	34848	4.71	4.39	-2557	-6.8	-3.2	-7.9	-80.3
其他 Other	30945	25896	3.90	3.26	-5049	-16.3	-12.5	22.6	81.7

类型 Types	2000—2010年		2010—2020年		2000—2020年
类型 Types	变化量 Amount of change/km²	动态度 Dynamic attitude/%	变化量 Amount of change/km²	动态度 Dynamic attitude/%	变化量 Amount of change/km²	动态度 Dynamic attitude/%
农田 Farmland	-13851	0.18	-19159	0.45	-1.3×10⁴	0.32
森林 Forests	2477	0.24	1114	0.11	3591	0.17
草地 Grassland	-11721	0.05	7260	0.19	5539	0.07
水域 Water area	327	0.26	541	0.42	868	0.34
城镇 Urban land	1490	1.00	9283	5.70	1.08×10⁴	3.64
荒漠 Desert	891	0.24	-13445	0.99	-12557	0.37
其他 Other	384	0.12	-5432	2.10	-5048	0.97
综合 General	1.80×10⁴	0.11	2.69×10⁵	1.69	2.73×10⁵	1.72

Characteristics and Driving Forces of Land Use Change in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020

2000—2020年黄河流域土地利用变化特征及影响因素分析

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年度 Year	类型 Types	草地 Grassland	城镇 Urban land	荒漠 Desert	农田 Farmland	其他 Other	森林 Forests	水域 Water area
2000—2010	草地 Grassland	98.15	0.08	0.56	0.55	0.15	0.44	0.08
	城镇 Urban land	0.32	98.43	0.02	1.01	0.03	0.07	0.12
	荒漠 Desert	2.61	0.14	96.27	0.49	0.08	0.30	0.11
	农田 Farmland	1.49	0.58	0.02	96.83	0.14	0.65	0.30
	其他 Other	1.43	0.05	0.14	0.29	97.59	0.03	0.47
	森林 Forests	0.42	0.08	0.04	0.15	0.02	99.26	0.04
	水域 Water area	1.56	0.22	0.39	2.80	1.65	0.29	93.09
2010—2020	草地 Grassland	73.12	1.28	1.98	13.31	2.50	7.02	0.79
	城镇 Urban land	12.72	35.16	0.63	46.15	0.75	2.73	1.86
	荒漠 Desert	25.19	1.65	66.05	3.07	1.35	1.64	1.04
	农田 Farmland	25.31	5.98	0.37	61.55	0.42	5.09	1.28
	其他 Other	46.25	0.85	1.73	2.99	44.64	1.99	1.55
	森林 Forests	24.75	0.90	0.40	9.50	0.41	63.56	0.48
	水域 Water area	21.07	3.79	1.77	19.29	3.64	3.13	47.31
2000—2020	草地 Grassland	72.55	1.32	2.28	13.42	2.54	7.10	0.80
	城镇 Urban land	13.03	33.38	0.60	47.64	0.74	2.78	1.84
	荒漠 Desert	25.88	1.84	64.58	3.53	1.32	1.71	1.14
	农田 Farmland	25.79	6.14	0.36	60.57	0.45	5.32	1.37
	其他 Other	46.57	0.82	1.74	2.87	44.29	1.98	1.73
	森林 Forests	24.49	0.92	0.37	9.27	0.41	64.05	0.49
	水域 Water area	21.40	3.80	2.01	19.38	4.44	3.24	45.73

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