The Characteristics of Soil Phosphorus Fractions and Their Availability under Different Land Use Types in Danxia Mountain

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.05.007

Ecology and Environment ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 889-897.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.05.007

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The Characteristics of Soil Phosphorus Fractions and Their Availability under Different Land Use Types in Danxia Mountain

WANG Chao¹^,²^,³(), YANG Qiannan¹^,², ZHANG Chi³, LIU Tongxu⁴, ZHANG Xialong¹^,², CHEN Jing¹^,², LIU Kexue¹^,²^,^*()

1. School of Resources and Planning, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou 510310, P. R. China
2. Institute of South China Urban-Rural Economic and Social Development, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
3. College of Natural Resources and Environment, South Chinese Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
4. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management/Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China

Received:2023-02-28 Online:2023-05-18 Published:2023-08-09
Contact: LIU Kexue

丹霞山不同土地利用方式土壤磷组分特征及其有效性

王超¹^,²^,³(), 杨倩楠¹^,², 张池³, 刘同旭⁴, 张晓龙¹^,², 陈静¹^,², 刘科学¹^,²^,^*()

1.广州新华学院资源与城乡规划学院，广东广州 510520
2.广东省华南城乡经济社会发展研究院，广东广州 510642
3.华南农业大学资源环境学院，广东广州 510642
4.广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所/农业环境污染综合控制与治理重点实验室，广东广州 510650

通讯作者: 刘科学
作者简介:王超（1994年生），男，硕士研究生，主要从事耕地质量提升和土壤结构改良研究。E-mail: wzfaye66@sina.com
基金资助:
广东省自然科学基金项目(2021A1515011543);广东省教育科学十三五规划项目(2020GXJK116);广州新华学院校级自然科学类重点项目(2020KYZD02)

Abstract

Abstract:

Phosphorus is a critical, limiting nutrient in sub-tropical soils, which plays an important role in maintaining the stability of ecosystem functions. The Danxia landform, a typical ecological degradation area in this region, highlights how land utilization impacts soil phosphorus fractions. This has significant implications for the rational utilization and fertility enhancement of the Danxia landform. This study examined four types of land use, i.e., arbor forest (AF), shrubland (SL), abandoned grassland (AG), and cropland (CL), in the typical Danxia landform of Renhua, Shaoguan. Using the Tiessen’s phosphorus grading method, the study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the characteristics and availability of soil phosphorus fractions. The study revealed that land use had significant impacts on soil phosphorus fractions and their availability in Danxia landform. Compared to CL, forest soils (AF and SL) had significantly higher organic and inorganic phosphorus levels, with increases ranging from 71.0% to 319.9% and 70.5% to 346.6%, respectively. However, there were no notable differences between CL and AG. The content of soluble phosphorus, labile phosphorus, and moderately labile phosphorus in AF soil had significantly increased in comparison to that of SL, AG, and CL, resulting in a considerable enhancement in soil phosphorus availability. Moreover, AF soil exhibited the highest concentration of occluded phosphorus, but its proportion to total phosphorus had declined significantly, indicating that shifting land use towards AF enhanced utilization of occluded phosphorus. Soil microbial biomass phosphorus and phosphatase activity (i.e., acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase) were significantly influenced by land use. Notably, the AF soil exhibited significantly higher levels of both microbial biomass phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase, as compared to the SL, AG, and CL soils. Moreover, the acid phosphatase activity in the AF soil displayed a substantial increase of 46.8% and 54.8%, respectively, compared to that in the AG and CL soils. Soil microbial biomass phosphorus and phosphatase activity were significantly associated with pH, bulk density, and organic carbon content, while exhibiting an insignificant correlation with iron oxide content. Redundancy analysis indicated that amorphous iron and mineral nitrogen were crucial factors leading to the changes in soil phosphorus fractions in Danxia landform. Specifically, the explanatory power of amorphous iron was 86.3%. Although the conversion of farmland to forest could effectively elevate soil phosphorus levels and improve its biological activity, the iron cycling system played a critical role in maintaining high phosphorus activity in Danxia landform soils.

Key words: Danxia landform, land use, phosphorus fraction, phosphorus availability, influence factor, iron

摘要：

磷是亚热带地区土壤重要的限制性营养元素，在维持生态系统功能稳定性中发挥着重要作用。丹霞地貌作为亚热带地区典型的生态退化区，阐明土地利用方式对丹霞地貌土壤磷组分的影响，对丹霞地貌土地的合理利用和地力提升具有重要意义。选择韶关仁化丹霞山典型地貌区4种土地利用方式（乔木林AF、灌木林SL、撂荒草地AG和农田CL）为对象，采用Tiessen磷素分级方法，研究其土壤磷组分特征及有效性的驱动因素。结果表明，丹霞地貌土壤磷组分及其有效性受土地利用方式影响显著。与CL相比，林地土壤（AF和SL）有机磷和无机磷总量显著增加，增幅为71.0%-319.9%和70.5%-346.7%，土壤磷素总水平提高，而CL和AG之间无显著差异。与SL、AG和CL相比，AF土壤速效磷、易分解态磷和中等易分解态磷含量显著增加，土壤磷有效性显著提高。AF土壤难利用态磷也表现出最高的含量，但其占总磷比例显著降低，说明土地利用方式向AF转变有利于难利用磷的分解利用。此外，土地利用方式对土壤微生物量磷和磷酸酶活性（酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶）亦有显著影响，微生物量磷和碱性磷酸酶均表现为AF>SL>AG>CL，而AF土壤酸性磷酸酶活性显著高于AG和CL，增幅为46.8%和54.8%。相关性结果表明，土壤微生物量磷和磷酸酶活性主要与pH、容重、有机碳含量呈极显著相关，而与土壤铁氧化物含量关系不显著。冗余分析表明，无定型铁和矿质氮是引起丹霞地貌土壤磷组分变化的重要因子，其中无定型铁解释度为86.3%。总之，农田向林地的转化，能有效提高土壤磷水平和生物有效性，其中铁循环系统在维持丹霞地貌土壤高磷活性起到关键作用。

关键词: 丹霞地貌, 土地利用方式, 磷组分, 磷有效性, 影响因素, 铁

CLC Number:

S153.61
X144

WANG Chao, YANG Qiannan, ZHANG Chi, LIU Tongxu, ZHANG Xialong, CHEN Jing, LIU Kexue. The Characteristics of Soil Phosphorus Fractions and Their Availability under Different Land Use Types in Danxia Mountain[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(5): 889-897.

王超, 杨倩楠, 张池, 刘同旭, 张晓龙, 陈静, 刘科学. 丹霞山不同土地利用方式土壤磷组分特征及其有效性[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(5): 889-897.

Figures/Tables 10

References 32

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编号	样地类型	海拔/m	地理坐标	年限/a	主要植被
AF	乔木林	268.9	25°2′36″N, 113°43′2″E	>30	丹霞梧桐（Firmiana danxiaensis H. H. Hsue & H. S. Kiu）、枫香（Liquidambar formosana Hance）、米储（Castanopsis Carlesii）
SL	灌木林	191.7	25°2′38″N, 113°43′28″E	>20	南酸枣（Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) Burtt et Hill.）、鸭脚木（Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms）、圆叶小石积（Osteomeles subrotunda K. Koch）、芒萁（Dicranopteris dichotoma (Thunb.) Berhn.）
AG	撂荒草地	117.5	25°2′27″N, 113°43′57″E	>10	雀稗（Paspalum thunbergii Kunth ex steud.）、狗尾草（Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.）
CL	农田	88.0	25°2′45″N, 113°43′21″E	>20	菜心（Brassica campestris L. ssp.chinensis var.utilis Tsen）、辣椒（Capsicum annuum L.）、玉米（Zea mays L.）

编号	样地类型	海拔/m	地理坐标	年限/a	主要植被
AF	乔木林	268.9	25°2′36″N, 113°43′2″E	>30	丹霞梧桐（Firmiana danxiaensis H. H. Hsue & H. S. Kiu）、枫香（Liquidambar formosana Hance）、米储（Castanopsis Carlesii）
SL	灌木林	191.7	25°2′38″N, 113°43′28″E	>20	南酸枣（Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) Burtt et Hill.）、鸭脚木（Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms）、圆叶小石积（Osteomeles subrotunda K. Koch）、芒萁（Dicranopteris dichotoma (Thunb.) Berhn.）
AG	撂荒草地	117.5	25°2′27″N, 113°43′57″E	>10	雀稗（Paspalum thunbergii Kunth ex steud.）、狗尾草（Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.）
CL	农田	88.0	25°2′45″N, 113°43′21″E	>20	菜心（Brassica campestris L. ssp.chinensis var.utilis Tsen）、辣椒（Capsicum annuum L.）、玉米（Zea mays L.）

利用方式	土层深度/cm	pH	w_(BD)/(g·cm^-3)	w_(DOC)/(mg·kg^-1)	w_(Feo)/(g·kg^-1)	w_(NH4+-N)/(mg·kg^-1)	w_(NO3--N)/(mg·kg^-1)
AF	0-20	6.28±0.13A	1.08±0.01C	291±6A	2.42±0.13B	15.76±0.32A	3.90±0.09B
AF	20-40	6.77±0.15A	1.20±0.01B	231±6BC	0.99±0.07D	4.39±0.46C	3.56±0.36B
SL	0-20	6.01±0.12B	1.19±0.00B	274±13AB	1.72±0.07C	16.02±0.21A	3.96±0.07B
SL	20-40	5.91±0.06B	1.22±0.01B	254±15A	1.30±0.09B	7.05±0.07B	2.46±0.05D
AG	0-20	5.29±0.02C	1.25±0.03A	276±8AB	1.05±0.06D	1.56±0.20C	3.57±0.04C
AG	20-40	5.16±0.17C	1.31±0.01A	215±8C	1.12±0.02C	2.01±0.07D	2.87±0.14C
CL	0-20	5.21±0.04C	1.28±0.04A	260±15B	2.84±0.07A	8.89±0.33B	37.22±0.20A
CL	20-40	4.80±0.03D	1.30±0.04A	238±11AB	2.81±0.06A	7.65±0.19A	15.93±0.10A

利用方式	土层深度/cm	pH	w_(BD)/(g·cm^-3)	w_(DOC)/(mg·kg^-1)	w_(Feo)/(g·kg^-1)	w_(NH4+-N)/(mg·kg^-1)	w_(NO3--N)/(mg·kg^-1)
AF	0-20	6.28±0.13A	1.08±0.01C	291±6A	2.42±0.13B	15.76±0.32A	3.90±0.09B
AF	20-40	6.77±0.15A	1.20±0.01B	231±6BC	0.99±0.07D	4.39±0.46C	3.56±0.36B
SL	0-20	6.01±0.12B	1.19±0.00B	274±13AB	1.72±0.07C	16.02±0.21A	3.96±0.07B
SL	20-40	5.91±0.06B	1.22±0.01B	254±15A	1.30±0.09B	7.05±0.07B	2.46±0.05D
AG	0-20	5.29±0.02C	1.25±0.03A	276±8AB	1.05±0.06D	1.56±0.20C	3.57±0.04C
AG	20-40	5.16±0.17C	1.31±0.01A	215±8C	1.12±0.02C	2.01±0.07D	2.87±0.14C
CL	0-20	5.21±0.04C	1.28±0.04A	260±15B	2.84±0.07A	8.89±0.33B	37.22±0.20A
CL	20-40	4.80±0.03D	1.30±0.04A	238±11AB	2.81±0.06A	7.65±0.19A	15.93±0.10A

利用方式	土层深度/cm	IP	OP	S-P	L-P	ML-P	O-P
AF	0-20	52.4±0.9C	47.6±0.9B	0.88±0.05A	18.8±0.3A	33.1±0.3A	47.2±0.1D
AF	20-40	52.5±0.6C	47.5±0.6B	0.66±0.10A	19.4±0.2A	33.2±0.4B	46.7±0.5C
SL	0-20	56.3±0.1B	43.7±0.1C	0.68±0.10B	12.6±0.6B	22.9±0.5C	63.8±1.0B
SL	20-40	49.5±1.6D	50.5±1.6A	0.38±0.06B	10.2±0.4C	34.3±0.4A	55.2±0.2B
AG	0-20	61.2±0.3A	38.8±0.3D	0.60±0.01B	7.7±0.5C	17.3±0.4D	74.5±0.9A
AG	20-40	56.3±0.3B	43.7±0.3C	0.32±0.02B	10.1±0.9C	26.6±0.7C	63.1±1.5A
CL	0-20	50.7±0.2D	49.3±0.2A	0.44±0.02C	13.1±0.8B	27.9±1.8B	58.5±2.3C

The Characteristics of Soil Phosphorus Fractions and Their Availability under Different Land Use Types in Danxia Mountain

丹霞山不同土地利用方式土壤磷组分特征及其有效性

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