Impact of Agricultural Pollution on Water Environment and Its Spatial Differentiation pattern in Guangdong Province

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.12.012

Ecology and Environment ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (12): 2207-2215.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.12.012

• Environment • Previous Articles Next Articles

Impact of Agricultural Pollution on Water Environment and Its Spatial Differentiation pattern in Guangdong Province

HUANG Guofeng¹(), HE Bin², XIE Zhiyi¹, LIU Jun¹, WANG Anhou¹, LIAO Tong¹, WANG Bojin¹, HAO Beibei²^,^*()

1. Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510308, P. R. China
2. National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management/Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China

Received:2023-06-12 Online:2023-12-18 Published:2024-02-05
Contact: HAO Beibei

广东省农业源污染对水环境的影响及其空间分异格局

黄国锋¹(), 贺斌², 谢志宜¹, 刘军¹, 王安侯¹, 廖彤¹, 王博瑾¹, 郝贝贝²^,^*()

1.广东省生态环境监测中心，广东广州 510308
2.广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所/华南土壤污染控制与修复国家地方联合工程研究中心/广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室，广东广州 510650

通讯作者: 郝贝贝
作者简介:黄国锋（1974年生），男，高级工程师，研究方向为生态环境监测。E-mail: gdsthjt_huangguofeng@gd.gov.cn
基金资助:
广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2023B0202030001);广东省科学院发展专项资金项目(2023GDASZH-2023010103)

Abstract

Abstract:

Understanding the current status and emission characteristics of agricultural and rural non-point source pollution is of great significance for the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution, sustainable agricultural development and improvement of rural ecological environment. Based on the monitoring data of 276 agricultural and rural non-point source pollution control sites in Guangdong Province in 2022, this study analyzed the water environment quality of monitoring sites for rural living pollution, planting loss, and animal pollution in the Pearl River Delta, eastern Guangdong, western Guangdong, and northern Guangdong. And the pollution status of rural living pollution, planting loss, and animal pollution was assessed on a county scale. The main results are as follows. 1) The water quality COD, TN, TP, NH₄⁺, NO₃⁻ concentrations and Nemerow integrated pollution index in the rural living pollution point are the highest, indicating that it contributes the most to the rural surface water pollution in the province. 2) The water concentration and pollution index in northern Guangdong are significantly smaller than those in other regions (P<0.001). The Pearl River Delta has the highest pollution indexes from rural living and animal pollution (I_i =2.59 and 1.97), as well as the pollution proportions from planting loss and animal pollution (37% and 36%). Whereas, the highest value of pollution index from planting sources (I_i =1.93) and the highest proportion of rural living pollution (51%) occur in eastern Guangdong. 3) At the county level, the pollution status of rural living is the most serious, especially in the Pearl River Delta and eastern Guangdong where there are many heavily polluted and seriously polluted counties and districts. For planting loss and animal pollution, there is currently no serious polluted status, and the number of heavily polluted counties is relatively small, scattered in the Pearl River Delta, eastern Guangdong and western Guangdong. 4) Among the 109 counties in the province, the proportions of agricultural non-point source pollution status of clean, lightly polluted, polluted, heavy polluted and serious polluted are 20%, 43%, 20%, 15% and 2% respectively. Generally speaking, the spatial distribution of agricultural and rural non-point source pollution in Guangdong Province is uneven. The pollution status of rural living is more serious than that of planting loss and animal pollution. The Pearl River Delta and eastern Guangdong areas are more serious than western Guangdong, while northern Guangdong has the lowest pollution level.

Key words: non-point source pollution, planting loss, animal pollution, domestic sewage, spatial characteristics, source analysis

摘要：

掌握农业农村面源污染现状和排放特征，对开展农业源污染防控、农业可持续发展和农村生态环境改善具有重要意义。基于2022年广东省276个农业农村面源污染控制断面的监测数据，分析广东省珠三角、粤东、粤西和粤北4个区域农村生活污染、种植业流失和养殖业污染对农村水环境的影响，在县域尺度上评价农业农村面源污染状况及空间分异格局。结果表明，1）水质COD、TN、TP、NH₄⁺和NO₃⁻浓度最大值和内梅罗综合污染指数最高值均出现在农村生活污染监测断面，表明全省农村生活源污染对地表水环境污染的贡献最大。2）粤北地区监测断面水质指标浓度和污染指数显著小于其他区域（P<0.001）；珠三角地区生活源和养殖源污染指数（I_i =2.59和1.97）最大，以及种植源和养殖源污染比例（37%和36%）最高；而粤东地区种植源污染指数最大（I_i =1.93），生活源污染比例最高（51%）。3）县域尺度农村生活源污染状况最严重，尤其珠三角和粤东地区重污染和严重污染区县较多，以珠海金湾区（I_i =9.76）、东莞市（I_i=7.29）、潮州饶平县（I_i =6.75）和汕头潮南区（I_i =5.83）污染最突出；养殖源和种植源暂无严重污染等级，重污染区县也相对较少，零星分布在珠三角、粤东和粤西地区。4）全省109个区县，农业源污染等级为清洁、轻度污染、污染、重污染和严重污染的比例依次为20%、43%、20%、15%和2%，清洁区县主要分布在粤北地区，严重污染和重污染区县则主要分布在珠三角和粤东地区。综上，广东省农村生活源对地表水环境的影响较大，珠三角和粤东地区农业源污染状况较粤西严重，粤北污染程度最低。

关键词: 面源污染, 种植业, 养殖业, 生活污染, 空间特征, 来源解析

CLC Number:

HUANG Guofeng, HE Bin, XIE Zhiyi, LIU Jun, WANG Anhou, LIAO Tong, WANG Bojin, HAO Beibei. Impact of Agricultural Pollution on Water Environment and Its Spatial Differentiation pattern in Guangdong Province[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(12): 2207-2215.

黄国锋, 贺斌, 谢志宜, 刘军, 王安侯, 廖彤, 王博瑾, 郝贝贝. 广东省农业源污染对水环境的影响及其空间分异格局[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(12): 2207-2215.

Figures/Tables 8

Figure 1 Distribution of agricultural and rural non-point source pollution monitoring sites in Guangdong Province

Table 1 Classification standards for agricultural non-point source pollution

内梅罗综合污染指数I_i	0‒1.0	1.0‒2.0	2.0‒3.0	3.0‒5.0	≥5.0
分类等级	清洁	轻度污染	污染	重污染	严重污染

Table 2 Two-way ANOVA results of water quality index and Nemerow integrated pollution index (Ii) in different regions and different monitoring sites

水质指标	断面类型			区域			断面类型×区域
水质指标	自由度	F值	P值	自由度	F值	P值	自由度	F值	P值
ρ_(CODCr)	2	2.420	0.089	3	52.488	<0.001	6	4.429	0.000
ρ_(CODMn)	2	0.245	0.783	3	41.793	<0.001	6	2.479	0.022
ρ_(TN)	2	2.228	0.108	3	56.380	<0.001	6	1.812	0.094
ρ_(TP)	2	0.458	0.633	3	35.441	<0.001	6	1.256	0.276
ρ_(NH4+)	2	6.484	0.002	3	18.244	<0.001	6	1.678	0.123
ρ_(NO3−)	2	0.458	0.633	3	35.441	<0.001	6	1.256	0.276
I_i	2	2.724	0.066	3	61.436	<0.001	6	3.564	0.002

Figure 2 Comparison of water quality at agricultural and rural non-point source pollution monitoring sites in different regions of Guangdong Province

Figure 3 Water quality conditions at agricultural and rural monitoring sites in different regions of Guangdong Province

Table 3 Excessive multiples of TN in different regions and different monitoring sites

断面类型	珠三角	粤东	粤西	粤北
农村生活污染	3.04	2.17	1.84	0.36
种植业流失	1.42	1.39	1.46	0.35
养殖业污染	1.51	1.05	1.52	0.77

Figure 4 Pollution status of agricultural and rural monitoring sites in different regions of Guangdong Province

Figure 5 Classification of agricultural source pollution status in counties in Guangdong Province

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Impact of Agricultural Pollution on Water Environment and Its Spatial Differentiation pattern in Guangdong Province

广东省农业源污染对水环境的影响及其空间分异格局

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