Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Water in Guanzhong Section of the Weihe River Basin

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.01.015

Ecology and Environment ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 131-141.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.01.015

• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles

Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Water in Guanzhong Section of the Weihe River Basin

REN Lijiang(), ZHANG Yan(), ZHANG Xin, SHAN Zexuan, ZHANG Chengqian

Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China

Received:2021-06-17 Online:2022-01-18 Published:2022-03-10
Contact: ZHANG Yan

渭河流域关中段地表水重金属的污染特征与健康风险评价

任丽江(), 张妍(), 张鑫, 山泽萱, 张成前

西北大学,陕西西安 710127

通讯作者: 张妍
作者简介:任丽江（1996年生）,男,硕士研究生,研究方向为生态水文与水环境研究。E-mail: lijiangren@stumail.nwu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41601017);陕西省高校科协青年人才托举计划项目(20190702)

Abstract

Abstract:

Due to the toxicity of heavy metals and their significant impact on aquatic ecosystem, heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment has become a worldwide issue. The Weihe River is the first major tributary of the Yellow River and its water quality has been seriously deteriorated in recent years during the socio-economic development of the basin. However, there is a lack of comprehensive assessment of heavy metal pollution in surface waters of the Weihe River Basin. In this study, 35 surface water samples were collected from the Guanzhong section of the Weihe River Basin, and 12 heavy metal elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Hg, Pb, Al, V and Ca) were analyzed. The pollution characteristics and health risks of heavy metals in surface waters were studied using multivariate statistical methods and health risk evaluation models. Results showed that the average concentration of 12 metals in the surface water followed this order: Ca>Fe>Cr>Al>Zn>V>Pb>Cu>As>Hg>Mn>Ni. Fe and Hg concentrations exceeded the corresponding water quality standard of China. Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation was used to derive the spatial distribution of heavy metals in surface waters. It was found that the most serious polluted areas were Chang’an and Huazhou districts. Four principal components were obtained based on load analysis results. Cr, Mn, Cu, As, Pb, Al and V were included in the first principal component and were mainly influenced by industrial and agricultural sources. Fe, Ni and Ca appeared in the second principal component, mainly influenced by the geological environment and the soil formation process; Hg and Zn were in the third and fourth principal components, respectively. Hg was mainly influenced by urban production and living, while Zn was mainly from geochemical sources. A health risk evaluation showed that the annual average health risk of heavy metal from drinking water was higher than that via dermal exposure, indicating that drinking water was the main exposure route. The annual average health risk for adults and children due to carcinogenic elements (i.e., Cr and As) ranged from 10^-8 to 10^-6 a^-1; and the risk due to non-carcinogenic elements (i.e., Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg, Pb, Al, and V) ranged from 10^-14 to 10^-9 a^-1. The carcinogenic risk was the main factor affecting the annual average health risk for adults and children. Cr was the main element that impacted the annual average health risk for the population. The annual average health risk values caused by metal elements were in the range of 10^-13-10^-11 a^-1. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for preventing and controlling heavy metal pollution in surface waters and improving water safety of the Weihe River Basin.

Key words: Weihe River, surface water, heavy metals, interpolation method, spatial distribution, source analysis, health risk

摘要：

由于重金属的毒理性及其对水生生态系统的重要影响,水生环境的重金属污染已成为全世界关注的问题。渭河是黄河的第一大支流,近年来随着沿岸社会经济的发展,渭河的水质受到严重的威胁,但是对渭河流域地表水重金属的污染状况缺乏全面评估。以渭河流域关中段为研究区域,采集了该流域35个地表水样品,检测了12种重金属元素（Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Hg、Pb、Al、V和Ca）,运用多元统计方法和健康风险评价模型研究了地表水中重金属的污染特征和健康风险。结果表明,地表水中12种金属元素的平均质量浓度大小顺序为：Ca>Fe>Cr>Al>Zn>V>Pb>Cu>As>Hg>Mn>Ni,其中Fe和Hg的质量浓度超过我国相应水质标准;采用反距离加权插值法（Inverse Distance Weighted）得出渭河流域地表水中重金属质量浓度的空间分布图,发现污染较为严重的主要地区为长安区和华州区。通过荷载分析得到4个主成分,Cr、Mn、Cu、As、Pb、Al和V为第1主成分,主要受到工业源和农业源的影响;Fe、Ni和Ca为第2主成分,主要受到地质环境和成土过程的影响;Hg和Zn分别为第3、4主成分,Hg主要受到城市生产生活的影响;Zn主要为地球化学来源。健康风险评价表明,饮用水途径引起的各种金属元素的年均健康风险均高于皮肤入渗途径,揭示饮用水是主要的暴露途径,致癌金属元素Cr和As引起的成人和儿童的年均健康风险数量级总体介于10^-8—10^-6 a^-1,非致癌金属元素Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Hg、Pb、Al和V引起的成人和儿童的年均健康风险数量级总体介于10^-14—10^-9 a^-1,发现致癌风险是影响成人和儿童的年均健康风险的主要因素,Cr是引起人群年均健康风险的主要因子,金属元素引起的年均健康风险值集中在10^-13—10^-11 a^-1,对流域的暴露人群没有形成明显的危害。该研究的结果可为该流域重金属的污染防治和保障城镇居民的用水安全提供科学依据。

关键词: 渭河, 地表水, 重金属, 插值法, 空间分布, 来源分析, 健康风险

CLC Number:

X522

REN Lijiang, ZHANG Yan, ZHANG Xin, SHAN Zexuan, ZHANG Chengqian. Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Water in Guanzhong Section of the Weihe River Basin[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(1): 131-141.

任丽江, 张妍, 张鑫, 山泽萱, 张成前. 渭河流域关中段地表水重金属的污染特征与健康风险评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(1): 131-141.

Figures/Tables 10

References 39

[1]	FILIMON M N, CARABA I V, POPESCU R, et al., 2021. Potential ecological and human health risks of heavy metals in soils in selected copper mining areas-A case study: The bor area[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041516. DOI
[2]	GUAN J L, WANG L, PEI X L, et al., 2012. Trends of major pollutants found in Weihe River in Shaanxi Province[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 32(6): 51-54.
[3]	LI H, NITIVATTANANON V, LI P, et al., 2015. Municipal solid waste management health risk assessment from air emissions for China by applying life cycle analysis[J]. Waste Management & Research, 33(5): 401-409.
[4]	PAUL D, 2017. Research on heavy metal pollution of river Ganga: A review[J]. Annals of Agrarian Science, 15(2): 278-286. DOI URL
[5]	USEPA, 1992. Guidelines for exposure assessment[J]. Federal Register, 57(104): 22888-22938.
[6]	XU P P, ZHANG Q Y, QIAN H, et al., 2019. Characterization of geothermal water in the piedmont region of Qinling Mountains and Lantian-Bahe Group in Guanzhong Basin, China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 8(15): 1-17.
[7]	ZHAO G J, MU X M, TIAN P, et al., 2013. Climate changes and their impacts on water resources in semiarid regions: a case study of the Wei River basin, China[J]. Hydrology Processes, 27(26): 3852-3863. DOI URL
[8]	陈峰, 杨梅桂, 杨清华, 等, 2017. 原子吸收分光光度法间接测定海水中的总硬度[J]. 医学动物防制, 33(5): 589-591.
	CHEN F, YANG M G, YANG Q H, et al., 2017. Indirect atomic absorption spectrophotometric method for determination of total hardness in seawater[J]. Journal of Medical Pest Control, 33(5): 589-591.
[9]	陈庆典, 李海斌, 任鹏, 等, 2019. 不同水源中钙镁元素的含量及pH测定的对比分析[J]. 安徽建筑大学学报, 27(6): 95-113.
	CHENG Q D, LI H B, REN P, et al., 2019. Comparison of Calcium and Magnesium contents and pH determination in different water sources[J]. Journal of Anhui Jianzhu University, 27(6): 95-113.
[10]	邓礼强, 王飞, 韩剑桥, 等, 2020. 渭河关中段水系演变及其对城镇化的响应[J]. 水土保持研究, 27(4): 256-261.
	DENG L Q, WANG F, HAN J Q, et al., 2020. Change of Weihe River system and its response to urbanization in Guanzhong area[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 27(4): 256-261.
[11]	段雯娟, 2014. 中国人群暴露参数[J]. 地球 (6): 80-83.
	DUAN W J, 2014. Exposure factors of Chinese population[J]. Earth (6): 80-83.
[12]	方敦, 2014. 基于ArcGIS和ArcScene的污染场地土壤铬三维空间格局研究[J]. 湖北民族学院学报(自然科学版), 32(2): 237-240.
	FANG D, 2014. 3D spatial pattern study of Cr in contaminated site based on ArcGIS and ArcScene[J]. Journal of Hubei Minzu University (Natural Science Edition), 32(2): 237-240.
[13]	方红卫, 孙世群, 朱雨龙, 等, 2009. 主成分分析法在水质评价中的应用及分析[J]. 环境科学与管理, 34(12): 152-154.
	FANG H W, SUN S Q, ZHU Y L, et al., 2009. Application and analysis of principal component analysis in water quality assessment[J]. Environmental Science and Management, 34(12): 152-154.
[14]	郭巍, 2011. 水质水量结合评价渭河干流(陕西段)水资源变化[J]. 水资源与水工程学报, 22(5): 115-120.
	GUO W, 2011. Integrated evaluation of water quality and quantity in Weihe River reach of Shaanxi Province[J]. Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering, 22(5): 115-120.
[15]	蒋育凤, 安艳玲, 王柱红, 等, 2021. 赤水河河水溶解态微量元素空间分布及来源分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 30(5): 1202-1210.
	JIANG Y F, AN Y L, WANG Z H, et al., 2021. Analysis spatial distribution and sources of dissolved trace elements in the water of Chishui River[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 30(5): 1202-1210.
[16]	蓝俊康, 丁凯, 王焰新, 2005. 钙矾石对Pb, Zn, Cd的化学俘获[J]. 桂林工学院学报, 25(3): 330-334.
	LAN J K, DING K, WANG Y X, 2005. Research on chemical entrapment of Pb, Zn, Cd by ettringite[J]. Journal of Guilin University of Technology, 25(3): 330-334.
[17]	雷凯, 2008. 渭河西安段水体及水系沉积物重金属环境地球化学研究[D]. 西安: 陕西师范大学.
	LEI K, 2008. Environmental geochemistry of heavy metals in water body and sediment in Xi’an section of the Weihe River[D]. Xi’an: Shaanxi Normal University.
[18]	李春晖, 杨志峰, 郑小康, 等, 2007. 黄河干流主要重金属污染特征及其与流量关系[J]. 水资源与水工程学报, 18(6): 1-3.
	LI C H, YANG Z F, ZHENG X K, et al., 2007. Pollution characters by heavy metals and its relationship with flows in the Yellow River[J]. Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering, 18(6): 1-3.
[19]	李玄添, 张风宝, 杨明义, 2020. 渭河陕西段沉积物重金属空间分布及来源解析[J]. 应用生态学报, 31(12): 4225-4234.
	LI X T, ZHANG F B, YANG M Y, 2020. Spatial variation and source identification of heavy metals in sediments in Shaanxi section of Weihe River, Northwest China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 31(12): 4225-4234.
[20]	刘臣辉, 吕信红, 范海燕, 2011. 主成分分析法用于环境质量评价的探讨[J]. 环境科学与管理, 36(3): 183-186.
	LIU C H, LYV X H, FAN H Y, 2011. Study of applying principal component analysis to environmental quality assessment[J]. Environmental Science and Management, 36(3): 183-186.
[21]	孙超, 陈振楼, 张翠, 等, 2009. 上海市主要饮用水源地水重金属健康风险初步评价[J]. 环境科学研究, 22(1): 60-65.
	SUN C, CHEN Z L, ZHANG C, et al., 2009. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in drinking water sources in Shanghai, China[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 22(1): 60-65.
[22]	田渭花, 王蕾, 关建玲, 等, 2017. 渭河陕西段水体重金属污染现状及其来源探析[J]. 环境工程技术学报, 7(6): 684-690.
	TIAN W H, WANG L, GUAN J L, et al., 2017. Heavy metal pollution and source analysis of Weihe River in Shaanxi Province[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology, 7(6): 684-690.
[23]	王洪涛, 张俊华, 丁少峰, 等, 2016. 开封城市河流表层沉积物重金属分布、污染来源及风险评估[J]. 环境科学学报, 36(12): 4520-4530.
	WANG H T, ZHANG J H, DING S F, et al., 2016. Distribution characteristics, sources identification and risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of urban rivers in Kaifeng[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 36(12): 4520-4530.
[24]	王若师, 许秋瑾, 张娴, 等, 2012. 东江流域典型乡镇饮用水源地重金属污染健康风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 33(9): 3083-3088.
	WANG R S, XU Q J, ZHANG X, et al., 2012. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in typical township water sources in Dongjiang River Basin[J]. Environmental Science, 33(9): 3083-3088.
[25]	王玉强, 2012. 渭河干流中下游铬 (Ⅵ) 污染迁移转化规律[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学.
	WANG Y Q, 2012. Migration and transformation patterns of Cr (VI) pollution in the middle and lower reaches of the Weihe River main stream[D]. Yangling: Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University.
[26]	徐勇, 江涛, 杨茜, 等, 2019. 夏季渤海中部表层沉积物重金属空间分布及污染评价[J]. 渔业科学进展, 40(5): 52-61.
	XU Y, JIANG T, YANG Q, et al., 2019. Distribution characteristics and pollution assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the central region of the Bohai Sea during the summer[J]. Progress in Fishery Sciences, 40(5): 52-61.
[27]	杨小刚, 宋进喜, 陈佳, 等, 2014. 渭河陕西段潜流带沉积物重金属变化初步分析[J]. 环境科学学报, 34(8): 2051-2061.
	YANG X G, SONG J X, CHEN J, et al., 2014. Variation of heavy metal concentrations in hyporheic sediments for the Weihe River of Shaanxi Province[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 34(8): 2051-2061.
[28]	杨学福, 关建玲, 段晋明, 等, 2014. 渭河西安段水体重金属污染现状及其健康风险评价[J]. 水土保持通报, 34(2): 152-156.
	YANG X F, GUAN J L, DUAN J M, et al., 2014. Heavy metal pollution and related health risk of Weihe River in Xi’an section[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 34(2): 152-156.
[29]	杨学福, 关建玲, 王蕾, 等, 2013. 渭河陕西段水体中重金属的时空动态变化特征研究[J]. 安全与环境学报, 13(6): 115-119.
	YANG X F, GUAN J L, WANG L, et al., 2013. Spatial and temporal variation features of heavy metal pollutants in the Weihe River in Shaanxi[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 13(6): 115-119.
[30]	余汉章, 1987. 陕西水文[M]. 西安: 陕西科学技术出版社: 4-29.
	YU H Z, 1987. Hydrology of Shaanxi[M]. Xi'an: Shaanxi Science and Technology Press: 4-29.
[31]	张家泉, 田倩, 许大毛, 等, 2017. 大冶湖表层水和沉积物中重金属污染特征与风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 38(6): 2355-2363.
	ZHANG J Q, TIAN Q, XU D M, et al., 2017. Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals in water and sediment from Daye Lake[J]. Environmental Science, 38(6): 2355-2363.
[32]	张丽梅, 赵广举, 穆兴民, 等, 2018. 基于Budyko假设的渭河径流变化归因识别[J]. 生态学报, 38(21): 7607-7617.
	ZHANG L M, ZHAO G J, MU X M, et al., 2018. Attribution of runoff variation in the Weihe River Basin based on the Budyko hypothesis[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 38(21): 7607-7617.
[33]	张清华, 韦永著, 曹建华, 等, 2018. 柳江流域饮用水源地重金属污染与健康风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 39(4): 1598-1607.
	ZHANG Q H, WEI Y Z, CAO J H, et al., 2018. Heavy metal pollution of the drinking water sources in the Liujiang River Basin, and related health risk assessments[J]. Environmental Science, 39(4): 1598-1607. DOI URL
[34]	张蓉珍, 张幸, 2008. 渭河流域陕西段近50年生态环境演变[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 22(2): 37-42.
	ZHANG R Z, ZHANG X, 2008. The evolution of the ecological environment in Shaanxi part of Weihe River Basin in recent 50 years[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 22(2): 37-42.
[35]	张烨, 胡清升, 2020. 陕西统计年鉴[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社: 73-319.
	ZHANG Y, HU Q S, 2020. Shaanxi statistical yearbook[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press: 73-319.
[36]	张勇, 郭纯青, 孙平安, 等, 2019. 基于空间分析荞麦地流域地下水健康风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 39(11): 4762-4768.
	ZHANG Y, GUO C Q, SUN P A, et al., 2019. Groundwater health risk assessment based on spital analysis in the Qiaomaidi watershed[J]. China Environmental Science, 39(11): 4762-4768.
[37]	赵玉, 2020. 渭河干流浅层地下水与地表水中重金属Cd污染特征及风险评价[J]. 地球科学与环境学报, 42(2): 267-277.
	ZHAO Y, 2020. Characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metal Cd pollution of shallow groundwater and surface water in main stream of Weihe River, China[J]. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, 42(2): 267-277.
[38]	周巾枚, 蒋忠诚, 徐光黎, 等, 2019. 铁矿周边地下水金属元素分布及健康风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 39(5): 1934-1944.
	ZHOU J M, JIANG Z C, XU G L, et al., 2019. Distribution and health risk assessment of metals in groundwater around iron mine[J]. China Environmental Science, 39(5): 1934-1944.
[39]	周晓强, 2018. 渭河干流陕西段水环境变化趋势分析[J]. 地下水, 40(5): 75-76.
	ZHOU X Q, 2018. Trend analysis of water environment changes in the Shaanxi section of the Wei River main stream[J]. Ground Water, 40(5): 75-76.

元素 Elements		C/(cm∙h^-1)	D/(mg∙kg^-1∙d^-1)		f/(kg∙d∙mg^-1)
元素 Elements		C/(cm∙h^-1)	饮用水暴露 Drinking water exposure	皮肤暴露 Skin exposure	饮用水暴露 Drinking water exposure	皮肤暴露 Skin exposure
致癌性 Carcinogenicity	Cr	0.002	0.003	0.003	0.5	20
致癌性 Carcinogenicity	As	0.0018	0.0003	0.000123	1.5	3.66
非致癌性 Non-carcinogenic	Mn	0.0001	0.046	0.0008
	Fe	0.0001	0.3	0.045
	Ni	0.0001	0.02	0.0054
	Cu	0.0006	0.04	0.012
	Zn	0.0006	0.3	0.06
	Hg	0.0018	0.0003	0.0003
	Pb	0.000004	0.0014	0.00042
	Al	0.01	0.14	0.14
	V	0.002¹⁾	0.007	0.00007

元素 Elements		C/(cm∙h^-1)	D/(mg∙kg^-1∙d^-1)		f/(kg∙d∙mg^-1)
元素 Elements		C/(cm∙h^-1)	饮用水暴露 Drinking water exposure	皮肤暴露 Skin exposure	饮用水暴露 Drinking water exposure	皮肤暴露 Skin exposure
致癌性 Carcinogenicity	Cr	0.002	0.003	0.003	0.5	20
致癌性 Carcinogenicity	As	0.0018	0.0003	0.000123	1.5	3.66
非致癌性 Non-carcinogenic	Mn	0.0001	0.046	0.0008
	Fe	0.0001	0.3	0.045
	Ni	0.0001	0.02	0.0054
	Cu	0.0006	0.04	0.012
	Zn	0.0006	0.3	0.06
	Hg	0.0018	0.0003	0.0003
	Pb	0.000004	0.0014	0.00042
	Al	0.01	0.14	0.14
	V	0.002¹⁾	0.007	0.00007

元素 Elements	最大值 Max/(μg∙L^-1)	最小值 Min/(μg∙L^-1)	平均值 Ave/(μg∙L^-1)	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 Coefficients of variation/%	标准限值¹⁾ Standard limit values/(μg∙L^-1)	标准限值²⁾ Standard limit values/(μg∙L^-1)
Cr	14.31	5.59	9.73	1.84	18.93	50	50
Mn	1.23	0.59	0.86	0.17	20.08	100	100
Fe	1160.69	134.21	382.41	164.68	43.07	300	300
Ni	6.30	0.00	0.78	1.09	139.49	—	20
Cu	4.36	0.68	2.09	0.98	46.73	1000	1000
Zn	64.84	0.00	7.30	13.21	180.83	1000	1000
As	8.03	0.00	1.48	1.76	118.87	50	10
Hg	3.73	0.86	0.98	0.47	48.01	0.1	1
Pb	3.28	2.84	2.93	0.10	3.54	50	10
Al	20.55	0.00	8.29	5.24	63.22	—	200
V	6.20	1.23	3.27	1.14	35.02	—	50
Ca	46100	8200	23642.86	7250.63	30.67	—	—

元素 Elements	最大值 Max/(μg∙L^-1)	最小值 Min/(μg∙L^-1)	平均值 Ave/(μg∙L^-1)	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 Coefficients of variation/%	标准限值¹⁾ Standard limit values/(μg∙L^-1)	标准限值²⁾ Standard limit values/(μg∙L^-1)
Cr	14.31	5.59	9.73	1.84	18.93	50	50
Mn	1.23	0.59	0.86	0.17	20.08	100	100
Fe	1160.69	134.21	382.41	164.68	43.07	300	300
Ni	6.30	0.00	0.78	1.09	139.49	—	20
Cu	4.36	0.68	2.09	0.98	46.73	1000	1000
Zn	64.84	0.00	7.30	13.21	180.83	1000	1000
As	8.03	0.00	1.48	1.76	118.87	50	10
Hg	3.73	0.86	0.98	0.47	48.01	0.1	1
Pb	3.28	2.84	2.93	0.10	3.54	50	10
Al	20.55	0.00	8.29	5.24	63.22	—	200
V	6.20	1.23	3.27	1.14	35.02	—	50
Ca	46100	8200	23642.86	7250.63	30.67	—	—

Elements	Cr	Mn	Fe	Ni	Cu	Zn	As	Hg	Pb	Al	V	Ca
Cr	1
Mn	0.503^**	1
Fe	-0.108	-0.090	1
Ni	0.128	0.032	0.426^*	1
Cu	0.439^**	0.287	0.063	0.392^*	1
Zn	-0.250	-0.147	-0.166	0.363^*	0.178	1
As	0.294	0.222	-0.276	0.018	0.471^**	-0.095	1
Hg	-0.238	-0.174	-0.076	-0.103	0.028	0.120	-0.119	1
Pb	0.477^**	0.664^**	-0.185	-0.024	0.362^*	0.027	0.421^*	-0.141	1
Al	0.368^*	0.772^**	-0.272	-0.104	0.345^*	-0.146	0.406^*	-0.189	0.713^**	1
V	0.429^*	0.307	-0.134	0.297	0.741^**	-0.002	0.706^**	-0.208	0.312	0.403^*	1
Ca	-0.048	-0.15	0.789^**	0.642^**	0.298	0.042	-0.220	0.036	-0.260	-0.179	0.167	1

Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Water in Guanzhong Section of the Weihe River Basin

渭河流域关中段地表水重金属的污染特征与健康风险评价

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 10

References 39

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

成分 Components	初始特征值 Initial eigenvalue			提取载荷平方和 Extract the sum of squares of the load			旋转载荷平方和 Rotating load sum of squares
成分 Components	总计 Total	方差百分比 Percentage of variance	累积 Cumulative/ %	总计 Total	方差百分比 Percentage of variance	累积 Cumulative/ %	总计 Total	方差百分比 Percentage of variance	累积 Cumulative/ %
1	3.887	32.394	32.394	3.887	32.394	32.394	2.843	23.695	23.695
2	2.555	21.289	53.682	2.555	21.289	53.682	2.456	20.465	44.160
3	1.516	12.635	66.317	1.516	12.635	66.317	2.452	20.437	64.597
4	1.111	9.260	75.577	1.111	9.260	75.577	1.318	10.980	75.577
5	0.950	7.913	83.490
6	0.663	5.526	89.017
7	0.435	3.623	92.640
8	0.353	2.946	95.586
9	0.195	1.629	97.214
10	0.146	1.219	98.433
11	0.121	1.005	99.438
12	0.067	0.562	100.000

元素 Elements	成分 Components
元素 Elements	1	2	3	4
Cr	0.684	0.068	-0.246	-0.130
Mn	0.740	-0.052	-0.391	0.340
Fe	-0.272	0.724	-0.485	-0.064
Ni	0.098	0.838	0.106	0.226
Cu	0.658	0.509	0.316	-0.088
Zn	-0.097	0.214	0.644	0.665
As	0.690	-0.048	0.340	-0.420
Hg	-0.223	-0.011	0.453	-0.018
Pb	0.784	-0.170	-0.111	0.351
Al	0.807	-0.207	-0.201	0.229
V	0.733	0.337	0.348	-0.348
Ca	-0.135	0.910	-0.216	-0.010

元素 Elements			成人 Adult/a^-1	儿童 Child/a^-1
饮用水途径 Drinking pathway	致癌性 Carcinogenicity	Cr	2.41×10^-6	2.63×10^-6
	致癌性 Carcinogenicity	As	1.10×10^-6	1.20×10^-6
	非致癌性	Mn	9.28×10^-12	1.01×10^-11
		Fe	6.32×10^-10	6.89×10^-10
		Ni	1.93×10^-11	2.11×10^-11
		Cu	2.60×10^-11	2.83×10^-11
		Zn	1.21×10^-11	1.32×10^-11
		Hg	1.62×10^-9	1.77×10^-9
		Pb	1.04×10^-9	1.13×10^-9
		Al	2.93×10^-11	3.20×10^-11
		V	2.31×10^-10	2.53×10^-10
皮肤途径 Dermal pathway	致癌性	Cr	1.00×10^-6	7.00×10^-7
	致癌性	As	2.50×10^-8	1.76×10^-8
	非致癌性	Mn	2.76×10^-13	1.94×10^-13
		Fe	2.18×10^-12	1.53×10^-12
		Ni	3.71×10^-14	2.60×10^-14
		Cu	2.69×10^-13	1.88×10^-13
		Zn	1.87×10^-13	1.32×10^-13
		Hg	1.51×10^-11	1.06×10^-11
		Pb	7.17×10^-14	5.04×10^-14
		Al	1.52×10^-12	1.07×10^-12
		V	2.40×10^-12	1.68×10^-12

[1]	DONG Jiefang, DENG Chun, ZHANG Zhongwu. Spatio-temporal Evolution and Population Exposure Risk to PM_2.5 in the Weihe River Basin [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(6): 1078-1088.
[2]	DU Dandan, GAO Ruizhong, FANG Lijing, XIE Longmei. Spatial Variation of Soil Heavy Metals and Their Responses to Physicochemical Factors of Salt Lake Basin in Arid Area [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(6): 1123-1132.
[3]	WU Chenyu, XU Fanfan, WEI Shibo, FAN Jingjing, LIU Guanpeng, WANG Kun. Study on Response of Surface Vegetation Cover to Climate Change in Weihe River Basin [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(5): 835-844.
[4]	DONG Zhijin, ZHANG Chengchun, ZHAN Xiuli, ZHANG Weifu. Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Soil Nutrients of Biological Soil Crusts and Their Underlying Soil of Sandy Land in the East of Yellow River in Ningxia [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(5): 910-919.
[5]	YANG Chunliang, LIU Minxia, WANG Qianyue, MIAO Lele, XIAO Yindi, WANG Min. Spatial Pattern and Correlation of Populations of Anemone rivularis and Kobresia myosuroides under Single-household Management and Multi-household Management Grazing Patterns [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(4): 651-659.
[6]	CHEN Minyi, ZHU Hanghai, SHE Weiduo, YIN Guangcai, HUANG Zuzhao, YANG Qiaoling. Health Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment of Soil Heavy Metals at A Legacy Shipyard Site in Pearl River Delta [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(4): 794-804.
[7]	WU Yarui, WANG Meijing, WANG Tao, YANG Meihuan. Effect of COVID-19 on Temporal and Spatial Distribution of NO₂ Concentration and Socio-Economic Life: A Case Study of Shaanxi Province [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(3): 514-524.
[8]	HAO Jinhu, WEI Wei, LI Shengnan, MA Muyuan, LI Xiaoxia, YANG Hongguo, JIANG Qiyu, CHAI Peidong. GEE Based Evaluation of the Spatial-temporal Pattern and Drivers of Long-term Water Body in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(3): 556-566.
[9]	TONG Yindong, HUANG Lanlan, YANG Ning, ZHANG Yiyan, LI Zipeng, SHAO Bo. Distribution Characteristics and Potential Environmental Risk Analysis of Microcystins in Global Water Bodies [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(1): 129-138.
[10]	XIAO Jieyun, ZHOU Wei, SHI Peiqi. Hyperspectral Inversion of Soil Heavy Metals [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(1): 175-182.
[11]	WU Shengyi, WANG Fei, XU Ganjun, MA Hao, DANG Yujie, WU Fei. Study on Forest Carbon Storage and Spatial Distribution in the Alpine Gorge Region of Northwest Sichuan: Take Sichuan Luoxu Nature Reserve as An Example [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(9): 1735-1744.
[12]	SHI Wenjing, ZHOU Hanpeng, SUN Tao, HUANG Jintao, YANG Wenhuan, LI Weiping. Research on Priority Control Factors and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil Around Mining Areas [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(8): 1616-1628.
[13]	LI Xiuhua, ZHAO Ling, TENG Ying, LUO Yongming, HUANG Biao, LIU Chong, LIU Benle, ZHAO Qiguo. Characteristics, Spatial Distribution and Risk Assessment of Combined Mercury and Cadmium Pollution in Farmland Soils Surrounding Mercury Mining Areas in Guizhou [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(8): 1629-1636.
[14]	TAO Ling, HUANG Lei, ZHOU Yilei, LI Zhongxing, REN Jun. Influences of Biochar Prepared by Co-pyrolysis with Sludge and Attapulgite on Bioavailability and Environmental Risk of Heavy Metals in Mining Soil [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(8): 1637-1646.
[15]	ZHU Li, YAN Huaizhong, SUN Youmin, FAN Jing, LIU Guanghui, ZHNG Guiqin. Characteristics and Source Identification of Dust Precipitates in A Typical Heavy Industry Area in Shandong [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(7): 1393-1399.