Abstract:

Harmful algal blooms often occur in many lakes, reservoirs and fish ponds in China and other countries. Among them, microcystis is one of the most common and concerned algae, which can produce a group of hepatotoxins (Microcystins, MCs) with similar structure and difficult to degrade, which pose a threat to drinking water treatment, aquatic product quality and ecosystem health. In order to ensure the quality and safety of drinking water and aquatic products, it is urgent to develop effective methods to control sudden or normalized algal blooms and remove algal toxins, and control the biomass of algal and the concentration of algal toxins below the safety limit. Based on the actual needs, the researchers have carried out excellent work in controlling algae and removing algae toxins, and achieved remarkable results. There are mainly physical methods, chemical methods and biological methods, but these methods are relatively independent of each other. In recent years, people have gradually realized the importance of controlling algal and removing algal toxins at the same time. Only when algae cells and toxins are removed simultaneously can the problem of water pollution caused by algal bloom be solved fundamentally. In this review, the methods of simultaneous algae control and microcystin removal at home and abroad were summarized, in order to provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the early warning and pollution control of algal blooms and algal toxins in aquatic ecological environment. They are classified into physical method, chemical method, biological method and combination method. Physical methods are relatively safe, but cost and energy consumption are high. Chemical method is effective, but the cost is high and the selectivity is not good. The cost of biological method is low, but the removal rate is slow. The combination method combines the advantages of physical method, chemical method and biological method to achieve safe, efficient, low-cost and rapid algae control and toxin removal. However, most of the current research remains in the laboratory, and the application of these methods in the field needs to adapt to local conditions and design strategies reasonably.

Key words: algae, microcystin, algae control, microcystin removal, water pollution, ecological environment

摘要：

中国及世界其他国家众多湖泊、水库、鱼塘等水体常发生不同程度的蓝藻水华。其中,微囊藻是一种最常见最受关注的水华蓝藻,它会产生一群结构相似且难以降解的肝毒素,即微囊藻毒素（Microcystins,MCs）,对饮用水源水处理、水产品质量和生态系统健康都构成威胁。急需研发能有效控制突发性或常态化蓝藻水华和去除藻毒素的方法,将有毒蓝藻生物量与藻毒素浓度控制在安全限值以下,以确保饮用水与水产品质量安全。由此实际需求出发,研究者在控藻和除藻毒素这两方面分别开展了许多研究工作,并取得了显著的效果。研究方法主要有物理方法、化学方法、生物方法,但这些方法彼此较为独立。由于在控藻过程中常常导致更多的藻毒素释放到水中,在除藻毒素过程中藻细胞不停地增殖产生更多的藻毒素,故近些年人们逐渐意识到同时控藻和除藻毒素的重要性。只有同时去除藻细胞和藻毒素,才能从根本上解决蓝藻水华对水体污染的问题。文章综述了目前国内外可同时控藻和除藻毒素的方法,以期为蓝藻及藻毒素在水生生态环境中的预警和污染控制提供理论指导和技术支持。从物理方法、化学方法、生物方法和组合方法进行了分类。物理方法相对安全,但成本和能耗高。化学方法成效显著,但成本高且选择性较差。生物方法成本低,但去除速率慢。组合方法结合物理方法、化学方法、生物方法各自的优点,扬长避短,实现安全、高效、低成本、快速的控藻和除藻毒素。但是,目前的研究大多停留在实验室,将这些方法应用在野外,需要因地制宜,合理设计策略。

关键词: 蓝藻, 微囊藻毒素, 蓝藻控制, 微囊藻毒素去除, 水污染, 生态环境