Trade-offs, Synergies, and Importance Assessment of Social-Ecological Values in Helan Mountain National Park

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.08.015

Ecology and Environmental Sciences ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (8): 1305-1316.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.08.015

• Research Article [Environmental Science] • Previous Articles Next Articles

Trade-offs, Synergies, and Importance Assessment of Social-Ecological Values in Helan Mountain National Park

SONG Xiaolong¹(), LI Longtang²^,^*(), REN Jie³, WU Yue⁴, WANG Peng², MI Wenbao²

1. College of Resources Environment and Life Sciences, Guyuan 756099, P. R. China
2. School of Geography and Planning, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
3. Institute of Culture, Ningxia Academy of Social Sciences, Yinchuan 750011, P. R. China
4. Institute of Rural Economy, Ningxia Academy of Social Sciences, Yinchuan 750011, P. R. China

Received:2025-01-19 Online:2025-08-18 Published:2025-08-01

贺兰山国家公园社会-生态价值权衡与协同及重要性评价

宋小龙¹(), 李陇堂²^,^*(), 任婕³, 吴月⁴, 王鹏², 米文宝²

1.宁夏师范大学资源环境与生命科学学院，宁夏固原 756099
2.宁夏大学地理科学与规划学院，宁夏银川 750021
3.宁夏社会科学院文化研究所，宁夏银川 750021
4.宁夏社会科学院农村经济研究所，宁夏银川 750021

通讯作者: *E-mail: lltang@nxu.edu.cn
作者简介:宋小龙（1991年生），男，副教授，博士，主要研究方向为干旱半干旱地区生态环境、旅游资源开发与区域可持续发展研究。E-mail: sxlnxyc@163.com
基金资助:
宁夏自然科学基金项目(2024AAC05072)

Abstract

Abstract:

The Helan Mountain is one of the 49 candidate areas for national parks in China. The establishment of the Helan Mountain National Park is of significant practical importance for maintaining ecosystem stability and protecting cultural heritage. This study employed the SolVES and InVEST-RUSLE models to investigate the trade-offs and synergies between the social and ecological values of the Helan Mountain National Park. The results indicated that: 1) the overall social value of Helan Mountain National Park exhibits a spatial pattern of multi-core small agglomerations and belt-like distribution, with the highest number of social value points attributed to science education value. 2) Areas with higher ecological value are primarily concentrated in the middle and southern sections of the Helan Mountain, where the spatial patterns of carbon storage and habitat quality are largely consistent, with excellent grades accounting for up to 82.1% of the total study area. 3) The relationship between social and ecological values in Helan Mountain National Park is negatively correlated, with a predominance of trade-offs between the two values. Most areas were non-significant, and the largest aggregation type outside these was the low-high aggregation zone (9.3%). These areas have high vegetation coverage and strong spatial dependence, requiring further enhancement of their ecological functions to improve social welfare. 4) In the evaluation of the importance of Helan Mountain National Park, spiritual value ranks highest at the social level, indicating that Helan Mountain has become a cultural symbol of interdependence, unity, and harmony among multiple ethnic groups, serving as a geographical coordinate for enhancing cultural identity and constructing a shared spiritual home for the Chinese nation in Ningxia and Inner Mongolia. At the ecological level, the carbon storage value was the highest, highlighting the significant role of the Helan Mountain in windbreak and sand fixation and water conservation. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for planning and constructing the Helan Mountain National Park in China.

Key words: Helan Mountain, national park, social-ecological values, trade-offs, synergies, importance evaluation

摘要：

贺兰山是中国49个国家公园候选区域，建设贺兰山国家公园对维护生态系统稳定和文化遗产保护具有重要的现实意义。采用生态系统服务社会价值模型（Social Values for Ecosystem Services，SolVES）和生态系统服务与权衡-修正通用土壤流失方程模型（Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade offs-Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation，InVEST-RUSLE）对贺兰山国家公园社会-生态价值的权衡与协同关系进行研究。结果表明，1）贺兰山国家公园总体社会价值呈现出多核小集聚、带状分布的空间格局，社会价值点数最多的为科普教育价值。2）贺兰山国家公园生态价值较高的区域重点集中于贺兰山中段和南段，碳储量与生境质量的空间格局基本一致，优良级占比高达82.1%。3）贺兰山国家公园社会价值和生态价值之间的关系为负相关关系，两者以权衡为主，大部分为不显著区域；除此之外，最大的集聚类型为低-高集聚区（9.3%），这些区域植被覆盖度高，空间依赖程度较强，需进一步对生态功能进行增值，以惠及更多社会福祉。4）贺兰山国家公园重要性评价中，在社会层面，精神价值最高，说明贺兰山已经成为多民族相互依存、团结和谐的文化符号，是宁蒙两区增进文化认同、构筑中华民族共有精神家园的地理坐标。在生态层面，碳储量价值最高，说明贺兰山在防风固沙、水源涵养等方面的作用较大。研究结果可为中国贺兰山国家公园规划建设提供科学依据。

关键词: 贺兰山, 国家公园, 社会-生态价值, 权衡, 协同, 重要性评价

CLC Number:

X196
X24

SONG Xiaolong, LI Longtang, REN Jie, WU Yue, WANG Peng, MI Wenbao. Trade-offs, Synergies, and Importance Assessment of Social-Ecological Values in Helan Mountain National Park[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2025, 34(8): 1305-1316.

宋小龙, 李陇堂, 任婕, 吴月, 王鹏, 米文宝. 贺兰山国家公园社会-生态价值权衡与协同及重要性评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2025, 34(8): 1305-1316.

Figures/Tables 10

Figure 1 Research area

Table 1 Social value and its index calculation method

价值类型	计算方法	说明
精神价值	通常涉及到对人们与自然环境互动的主观体验的量化	将精神寄托于该区域景观或对自然景观的尊敬与敬意
科普教育价值	通过收集关于生态系统服务产品使用者的态度和偏好数据，结合社会经济调查数据和研究区的自然环境数据，用于评估科普教育价值	为访客提供教育素材，传递知识
美学价值	通过收集使用者的感知数据来进行	从园区不同角度发现美，过程是一种美的享受
游憩价值	依赖于使用者的态度和偏好数据	园区为访客提供消遣娱乐的场所
社会价值指数	利用ArcGIS工具对4种社会价值进行权重叠加作归一化处理，结果采用1－10无量纲化指数表示	生态系统文化服务价值的评估与量化

Table 2 Ecological value and index evaluation method

价值类型	计算方法	说明
水源供给量	$Y x = 1 − E x P x × P x$	栅格单元年降水量减去蒸发量的数值。Y_x——栅格单元x的水源供给量；E_x——栅格单元x的实际蒸发量；P_x——栅格单元 $x$ 的年降水量
生境质量	$Q x j = H j 1 − d x j z d x j z + k z$	Q_xj ——地类类型中栅格单元x的生境质量；H_i——地类类型j的生境适宜性；d_xj ——为生境退化程度，即地类类型j中栅格单元x所受到的干扰程度；k——半饱和常数；Z——常数，一般取值2.5
碳储量	$C = ∑ i = 1 n (C i × S i)$	C——总碳储量；n——地类的总量；为地类i的总面积；C_i ——地类 $i$ 的总碳密度
土壤侵蚀量	A=R×K×l×C×P	A——土壤侵蚀量；R——降雨侵蚀力因子；K——土壤可蚀性因子；l——坡长坡度因子；C——地表植被覆盖因子；P——土壤保持措施因子
生态价值指数	利用ArcGIS工具对4种生态价值进行权重叠加作归一化处理，结果采用1－10无量纲化指数表示	生态系统服务价值的评估与量化

Table 2 Ecological value and index evaluation method

价值类型	计算方法	说明
水源供给量	$Y x = 1 − E x P x × P x$	栅格单元年降水量减去蒸发量的数值。Y_x——栅格单元x的水源供给量；E_x——栅格单元x的实际蒸发量；P_x——栅格单元 $x$ 的年降水量
生境质量	$Q x j = H j 1 − d x j z d x j z + k z$	Q_xj ——地类类型中栅格单元x的生境质量；H_i——地类类型j的生境适宜性；d_xj ——为生境退化程度，即地类类型j中栅格单元x所受到的干扰程度；k——半饱和常数；Z——常数，一般取值2.5
碳储量	$C = ∑ i = 1 n (C i × S i)$	C——总碳储量；n——地类的总量；为地类i的总面积；C_i ——地类 $i$ 的总碳密度
土壤侵蚀量	A=R×K×l×C×P	A——土壤侵蚀量；R——降雨侵蚀力因子；K——土壤可蚀性因子；l——坡长坡度因子；C——地表植被覆盖因子；P——土壤保持措施因子
生态价值指数	利用ArcGIS工具对4种生态价值进行权重叠加作归一化处理，结果采用1－10无量纲化指数表示	生态系统服务价值的评估与量化

Table 3 Sources of spatial data

图层	类型	含义	数据来源	精度
研究区范围	矢量	研究区矢量边界	参考前人研究成果（陈乐等，2023）	－
基础矢量层	矢量	包括道路、水体、农村居民点	水经注（http://www.rivermap.cn）	－
DEM	栅格	数字高程模型	地理数据空间云（http://www.gscloud.cn/）	30 m
土地利用类型	栅格	包括9个一级分类	Zenodo（https://zenodo.org/）	30 m
NDVI	栅格	归一化植被指数	国家生态科学数据中心（http://www.nesdc.org.cn/）	30 m
土壤数据	栅格	包括粘粒、粉粒、沙粒及土壤有机质	世界土壤数据库（https://gaez.fao.org/pages/hwsd）	1 km
降水量	栅格	年降雨量数据	国家地球系统科学数据中心（https://www.geodata.cn）	1 km
距离道路的距离	栅格	距离最近道路的平均距离	通过ArcGIS工具中的欧氏距离运算所得	30 m
距离水体的距离	栅格	距离最近水体的平均距离	通过ArcGIS工具中的欧氏距离运算所得	30 m
威胁因子	栅格	包括道路、农村居民点、耕地、裸岩	通过ArcGIS工具进行提取处理所得	30 m
水土保持措施权重	表格	各水土保持措施的权重参数设置	查阅前人研究成果（陈姗姗等，2016）	－
威胁因子权重	表格	各威胁因子权重参数设置	查阅前人研究成果（邓楚雄等，2021；郑宇等，2018）	－
威胁因子敏感度	表格	各地类对威胁因子的敏感参数设置	查阅前人研究成果（邓楚雄等，2021；郑宇等，2018）	－
碳库	表格	包括地上、地下根系、土壤、死亡有机质碳量	查阅前人研究成果（仲俊涛等，2020）	－

Figure 2 Evaluation results of social value in Helan Mountain National Park

Table 4 Social value contribution of Helan Mountain National Park

社会价值类型	贡献度/%
社会价值类型	距道路距离	坡度	海拔
精神价值	40.9	39.1	20.1
科普教育价值	19.2	33.9	46.9
美学价值	36.2	48.8	15.0
游憩价值	43.2	4.1	52.7

Figure 3 Ecological value assessment results of Helan Mountain National Park

Table 5 Proportion and mean value of ecological in Helan Mountain National Park

生态价值类型	等级占比/%					平均值
生态价值类型	差	较差	一般	良好	优	平均值
生境质量	18.4	3.91	24.9	47.8	5.0	0.53
碳储量	17.9	0	0	76.3	5.7	8.2 t
水源供给	82.1	0.01	9.8	8.1	0	51.2 mm
土壤侵蚀	41.4	13.3	8.6	9.3	27.5	310 t·hm⁻²·a⁻¹
生态价值	2.1	16.9	50.8	24.9	5.3	0.51

Figure 4 LISA clustering and significance levels of social-ecological values in Helan Mountain National Park

Figure 5 Ranking of importance of social-ecological value in Helan Mountain National Park

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Trade-offs, Synergies, and Importance Assessment of Social-Ecological Values in Helan Mountain National Park

贺兰山国家公园社会-生态价值权衡与协同及重要性评价

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