Abstract:

Ecological function regions which play a crucial role in upholding national ecological security have been endangered by excessive human activities. investigation of the supply-demand relationship of ecosystem services is of importance for the sustainable development of ecological function regions. Previous research has focused on the balance and coordination between supply and demand for ecosystem services, but there is still a gap in the coupling and coordination between supply and demand for ecological function areas. Taking the ecological function area of Qinba Mountain as an example, this study examined the supply-demand matching, trade-off/synergy, and coordination of four ecosystem services including water yield, food production, carbon storage, and soil conservation, in 2000, 2010, and 2020 by using the InVEST model, supply-and-demand ratio of ecosystem services, four-quadrant model, correlation analysis, and coupling coordination degree model. The results show that 1) from 2000 to 2020, the supply-and-demand ratio for water yield and carbon storage services fell from 0.613 and 0.958 to 0.482 and 0.892, respectively. For food production and soil conservation services, the supply-demand ratio increased from −0.243 and 0.948 to 0.224 and 0.971, respectively. Water yield, carbon storage, and soil conservation services are mostly in surplus, while food production is limited in the central and western regions with less arable land. 2) food production and soil conservation services are matched in the low-low space, water yield services have high-low spatial mismatch and low-low spatial match, while carbon storage services have excess high-low mismatch. 3) the trade-off/synergy of ecosystem service supply was altered slightly during the study period. Except for soil conservation, there was a strong and constant synergy of other services with demand. 4) the coupling degree of supply and demand of ecosystem services is 0.324, 0.297 and 0.284, showing a declining trend. the coupling degree of most counties in the east is higher than in the central and western regions, while the majority of counties in the east are in a state of moderate discoordination or no coordination. In summary, with the exception of food production services, the remaining ecosystem services are in surplus. The spatial mismatch in the research area is clear, and it has yet to reach the fundamental level of coupling and coordination. The research results can provide support for the comprehensive decision-making on sustainable spatial management of ecosystem services.

Key words: ecosystem services, supply and demand matching, tradeoffs and synergies, time-space evolution, the ecological function area of Qin-Ba Mountains

摘要：

生态功能区在确保国家生态安全方面具有重要作用，但在过度人类活动的影响下，其生态系统正面临着严峻考验。为实现生态功能区的可持续发展需要探究生态系统服务的供需关系。以往研究多关注生态系统服务供需的权衡/协调作用，在生态功能区供需的耦合协调方面还存在空白。以秦巴山生态功能区为例，采用InVEST模型、生态系统服务供需比、四象限模型、相关性分析和耦合协调度模型等方法分析了2000、2010和2020年产水、粮食供给、碳固存和土壤保持4种生态系统服务的供需匹配状况、权衡/协同作用和耦合协调关系。结果表明，1）2000－2020年产水和碳固存服务供需比分别由0.613、0.958降至0.482、0.892；粮食供给和土壤保持服务供需比分别由−0.243、0.948增至0.224、0.971。空间上，产水、碳固存和土壤保持服务均以供应盈余状态为主，耕地较少的中西部地区存在粮食供给不足。2）粮食供给和土壤保持服务供需在低-低空间匹配，产水服务供需表现出高-低空间错配和低-低空间匹配的特点，碳固存服务供需以过剩的高-低错配为主。3）研究期间生态系统服务供给的权衡/协同关系略有变化，除土壤保持与其他服务需求不相关外，其余服务对需求的协同作用都很强，且存在一致性。4）生态系统服务的供需耦合协调度分别0.324、0.297和0.284，呈下降趋势，表现出东部大多数县域的耦合协调程度高于中西部地区的空间格局，主要以中度不协调和勉强协调状态为主。综上，除粮食供给服务外其余生态系统服务处于供大于求状态，研究区空间错配现象明显，且尚未达到基本的耦合协调水平。

关键词: 生态系统服务, 供需匹配, 权衡与协同, 时空演变, 秦巴山生态功能区