Studies on Species Diversity and Functional Diversity of Different Types of Forests in Dinghu Mountains

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.08.007

Ecology and Environmental Sciences ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (8): 1219-1227.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.08.007

• Research Article [Ecology] • Previous Articles Next Articles

Studies on Species Diversity and Functional Diversity of Different Types of Forests in Dinghu Mountains

LI Lin¹(), ZHANG Chaoyang¹, CHU Xiaoxue¹^,^*(), ZHOU Jinggang⁴^,⁵, WANG Xue²^,³, WEI Shiguang²^,³

1. Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
2. Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environment Protection, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541006, P. R. China
3. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, P. R. China
4. South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
5. Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of South China Botanical Garden of Degraded Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China

Received:2024-12-31 Online:2025-08-18 Published:2025-08-01

鼎湖山不同类型森林物种多样性和功能多样性研究

李林¹(), 张朝阳¹, 储小雪¹^,^*(), 周景钢⁴^,⁵, 王雪²^,³, 魏识广²^,³

1.桂林电子科技大学生命与环境科学学院，广西桂林 541004
2.珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护教育部重点实验室，广西桂林 541006
3.广西漓江流域景观资源保育与可持续利用重点实验室，广西桂林 541006
4.中国科学院华南植物园，广东广州 510650
5.中国科学院退化生态系统植被恢复与管理重点实验室，广东广州 510650

通讯作者: *E-mail: chuxiaoxue@guet.edu.cn
作者简介:李林（1978年生），女，博士研究生，研究方向为生物多样性保护和森林碳汇。E-mail: lilin@guet.edu.cn
基金资助:
广西自然科学基金项目(2022GXNSFAA035583);广西自然科学基金项目(2021GXNSFBA196052);国家自然科学基金项目(32460270)

Abstract

Abstract:

The linkage between species and functional diversity can be used to evaluate the predictive effect of species diversity on functional diversity, and elucidating the relationship between species and functional diversity is key to revealing the impact of biodiversity on ecosystem functions. Dinghu Mountain is located in Guangdong Province, China, has a southern subtropical monsoon climate, abundant annual rainfall, and a forest community rich in species with complex and diverse structures. Exploring the linkage patterns between forest species diversity and functional diversity is of great significance for monitoring regional biodiversity. In this study, five different types of 1 hm² forest communities in Dinghu Mountain (south subtropical montane evergreen broadleaf forest, gully rainforest, evergreen broadleaf forest (Schima superba Gardn. et Champ forest), evergreen coniferous forest (Pinus massoniana Lamb forest) and mixed coniferous and broadleaved forest) were used for the study, and three indices of species diversity (Patrick’s Richness Index, Shannon-Weiner's Diversity Index, Pielou’s Evenness Index) and four indices of functional diversity (Functional Richness Index F_r, Functional Evenness Index F_e, Functional Discrete Index F_v, Functional Dispersal Index F_d) were calculated using a multiple comparison method.). Four functional diversity indices (Functional Richness Index F_r, Functional Uniformity Index F_e, Functional Dispersion Index F_v, Functional Dispersion Index F_d) were used, and the multiple comparison method was used to study the differences between species diversity and functional diversity in different forest types. Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between species and functional diversity in different forest communities. The results showed that 1) the species diversity and functional diversity of the southern subtropical forest communities in the Dinghushan Mountain differed to some extent, with higher values of the Patrick index of richness, Shannon-Weiner index, and Pielou evenness index in the southern subtropical montane evergreen broadleaf forests and gully rainforests, which indicated that they were richer in species diversity. The degree of functional richness and functional dispersion of the evergreen broadleaf forests was higher, and the degree of functional uniformity and functional dispersion of the montane evergreen broadleaf forests had higher functional evenness and functional dispersion. 2) The correlation between the Patrick richness, Shannon-Weiner, and functional richness indices was significant; the functional evenness index, F_e, was positively correlated with the Pielou evenness index, but not significantly correlated with the Patrick richness, and Shannon-Weiner indices; the functional dispersal index was significantly correlated with the species diversity index were significantly correlated. 3) This study found that elevation and slope have significant effects on the functional diversity of southern subtropical forests in Dinghushan, and slope, which is related to elevation, is also an important factor. Dinghushan belongs to the southern subtropical region, which is rich in forest vegetation and has a different correlation of species diversity and functional diversity than other regions at the same latitude, where forest cover is limited. This study suggests that we need to pay attention to the linkage between species and functional diversity in the protection of forest communities and formulate targeted protection programs according to specific habitat types.

Key words: forest community, species diversity, functional diversity, environmental factors, South Subtropical

摘要：

物种多样性和功能多样性的联动规律可以用于评价生物多样性对生态系统功能的影响。研究鼎湖山南亚热带森林物种和功能多样性的联动规律，对于监测区域生物多样性的意义重大。以鼎湖山5种不同类型1 hm²森林群落[南亚热带山地常绿阔叶林、沟谷雨林、常绿阔叶林（荷木林）、常绿针叶林（马尾松林）和针阔混交林]为研究对象，计算了3个物种多样性指数和4个功能多样性指数，采用多重比较法和线性回归分析不同森林群落物种多样性与功能多样性的差异和关系。结果表明，1）山地常绿阔叶林和沟谷雨林物种丰富度、Shannon-Weiner指数以及Pielou均匀度指数较高；常绿阔叶林（荷木林）功能丰富度和功能分散度较高，山地常绿阔叶林的功能均匀度和功能离散度较高。2）5个森林群落的Patrick丰富度指数、Shannon-Weiner指数都与功能丰富度指数显著相关；功能均匀度指数F_e都与Pielou均匀度指数显著正相关，而与Patrick丰富度指数和Shannon-Weiner指数无显著关系；功能离散度与物种多样性指数均存在显著的相关关系。3）海拔和坡度对功能多样性均具有显著的影响。该研究提示我们对森林群落的保护需要关注物种和功能多样性的联动关系，根据具体海拔和坡度主导的生境类型制定针对性的保护方案。

关键词: 森林群落, 物种多样性, 功能多样性, 地形因子, 南亚热带

CLC Number:

Q948
X176

LI Lin, ZHANG Chaoyang, CHU Xiaoxue, ZHOU Jinggang, WANG Xue, WEI Shiguang. Studies on Species Diversity and Functional Diversity of Different Types of Forests in Dinghu Mountains[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2025, 34(8): 1219-1227.

李林, 张朝阳, 储小雪, 周景钢, 王雪, 魏识广. 鼎湖山不同类型森林物种多样性和功能多样性研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2025, 34(8): 1219-1227.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1 The basic information of the five satellite plots in Dinghushan (DHS)

样地号	森林群落类型	海拔/m	原点北纬（N）	原点东经（E）
1	南亚热带山地常绿阔叶林	602－660	23°10′34″	112°31′30″
2	南亚热带常绿阔叶林（荷木林）	182－256	23°08′22″	112°30′49″
3	南亚热带沟谷雨林	90－133	23°10′15″	112°32′29″
4	南亚热带常绿针叶林（马尾松林）	38－93	23°09′58″	112°33′28″
5	南亚热带针阔混交林	50－85	23°09′41″	112°32′36″

Table 2 Species Diversity and Functional Diversity Diversity Index

序号	指标	公式	参数描述	表征说明
1	Patrick丰富度指数	R=S	任意两个个体为不同物种的概率p时，p_i——第i个物种的相对多度；S——目标样地中的总物种数	指数值越大表征群落的α物种多样性越高
2	Shannon-Weiner指数	$H = − ∑ i = 1 s (p i ln p i)$
3	Pielou均匀度指数	$J = H ln S$
4	功能均匀度指数	$F e = ∑ i = 1 S − 1 min W i, 1 S − 1 − 1 S − 1 1 − 1 S − 1$	S——物种丰富度；W_i ——物种i的加权均匀度	指数值越大表征群落的功能多样性越高
5	功能丰富度指数	$F r = C i R c$	C_i ——群落i内物种所占据的生态位空间；R_c——特征c的绝对值	指数值越大表征群落的功能多样性越高
6	功能离散度指数	$F d = ∑ a j z j ∑ a j$	a_j ——物种j的多度；z_j ——物种j到加权质心的距离	指数值越大，表征物种功能性状在性状空间范围分布的离散程度越高
7	功能分散度指数	$d = ∑ i = 1 S P i × (G i − G l ¯)$ $F_{\mathrm{v}}=\frac{d+\overline{G_{l}}}{h+\overline{G_{l}}}$	G_i ——欧氏距离； $G l ¯$ ——各物种性状欧氏距离的均值；h——对d计算时取距离差绝对值所得；P_i ——物种i的相对多度	指数值越大，表征物种功能性状在性状空间范围分布的离散程度越高

Table 2 Species Diversity and Functional Diversity Diversity Index

序号	指标	公式	参数描述	表征说明
1	Patrick丰富度指数	R=S	任意两个个体为不同物种的概率p时，p_i——第i个物种的相对多度；S——目标样地中的总物种数	指数值越大表征群落的α物种多样性越高
2	Shannon-Weiner指数	$H = − ∑ i = 1 s (p i ln p i)$
3	Pielou均匀度指数	$J = H ln S$
4	功能均匀度指数	$F e = ∑ i = 1 S − 1 min W i, 1 S − 1 − 1 S − 1 1 − 1 S − 1$	S——物种丰富度；W_i ——物种i的加权均匀度	指数值越大表征群落的功能多样性越高
5	功能丰富度指数	$F r = C i R c$	C_i ——群落i内物种所占据的生态位空间；R_c——特征c的绝对值	指数值越大表征群落的功能多样性越高
6	功能离散度指数	$F d = ∑ a j z j ∑ a j$	a_j ——物种j的多度；z_j ——物种j到加权质心的距离	指数值越大，表征物种功能性状在性状空间范围分布的离散程度越高
7	功能分散度指数	$d = ∑ i = 1 S P i × (G i − G l ¯)$ $F_{\mathrm{v}}=\frac{d+\overline{G_{l}}}{h+\overline{G_{l}}}$	G_i ——欧氏距离； $G l ¯$ ——各物种性状欧氏距离的均值；h——对d计算时取距离差绝对值所得；P_i ——物种i的相对多度	指数值越大，表征物种功能性状在性状空间范围分布的离散程度越高

Table 3 Diversity of plant species in different communities

样地号	森林群落类型	Patrick丰富度指数	Shannon-Weiner指数	Pielou均匀度指数
1	南亚热带山地常绿阔叶林	14.44b	2.206a	0.831a
2	南亚热带常绿阔叶林（荷木林）	7.72d	1.401c	0.694b
3	南亚热带沟谷雨林	16.20a	2.199a	0.795a
4	南亚热带常绿针叶林（马尾松林）	8.28d	1.620b	0.784a
5	南亚热带针阔混交林	11.32c	1.515bc	0.627c

Table 4 Differences in plant functional diversity in different communities

样地号	森林群落类型	功能丰富度指数	功能均匀度指数	功能分散度指数	功能离散度指数
1	南亚热带山地常绿阔叶林	0.011c	0.735a	0.849b	3.455a
2	南亚热带常绿阔叶林（荷木林）	0.293a	0.680b	0.911a	2.997c
3	南亚热带沟谷雨林	0.011c	0.683b	0.756c	2.965c
4	南亚热带常绿针叶林（马尾松林）	0.132b	0.682b	0.724c	3.029bc
5	南亚热带针阔混交林	0.044c	0.680b	0.866b	3.244ab

Figure 1 Coupled relationship between species diversity and functional diversity of southern subtropical forest communities in Dinghushan Mountain

Figure 2 Influence of topography on the functional diversity of southern subtropical forest communities in Dinghushan, China

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Studies on Species Diversity and Functional Diversity of Different Types of Forests in Dinghu Mountains

鼎湖山不同类型森林物种多样性和功能多样性研究

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