Ecology and Environmental Sciences ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 941-949.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.06.011
• Research Article [Environmental Science] • Previous Articles Next Articles
OUYANG Qunwen1(), GUO Xiaoping1,*(
), HAO Jiahang1, GUO Yu2
Received:
2024-12-05
Online:
2025-06-18
Published:
2025-06-11
通讯作者:
* 郭小平, E-mail: 作者简介:
欧阳群文(2000年生),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为工程绿化。E-mail: oyang0224@163.com
基金资助:
CLC Number:
OUYANG Qunwen, GUO Xiaoping, HAO Jiahang, GUO Yu. Vegetation Succession Characteristics of Highway Slope Spraying in Beijing: A Perspective from the Soil Seed Bank[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2025, 34(6): 941-949.
欧阳群文, 郭小平, 郝嘉航, 郭宇. 基于种子库视角的北京市高速路边坡喷播植被演替特征研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2025, 34(6): 941-949.
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URL: https://www.jeesci.com/EN/10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.06.011
高速公路 | 京礼高速 | 京昆高速 | 京承高速(三期) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
施工时间 | 2018年 | 2014年 | 2009年 | |
北京市内建设里程/km | 75.0 | 60.0 | 132.4 | |
自然边坡土壤理化性质 | pH | 7.74±0.09 | 7.70±0.07 | 7.50±0.03 |
SOC质量分数/(g∙kg−1) | 11.40±0.60 | 13.30±0.35 | 14.23±0.58 | |
TN质量分数/(g∙kg−1) | 2.29±0.33 | 2.12±0.30 | 2.34±0.46 | |
TP质量分数/(g∙kg−1) | 0.59±0.04 | 0.81±0.09 | 1.23±0.05 | |
容重/(g∙cm−3) | 1.25±0.03 | 1.10±0.04 | 1.24±0.06 | |
孔隙度/% | 52.72±0.98 | 58.39±1.49 | 56.68±0.38 | |
喷播植物种 | 刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、臭椿(Ailanthus altissima)、构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)、紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)、胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor)、荆条(Vitex negundo var.)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、沙打旺(斜茎黄芪)(Astragalus laxmannii)、高羊茅(Festucaelata)、野花组合(野菊花Chrysanthemum indicum、紫花地丁Viola philippica、牵牛Ipomoea nil等) | |||
植生基材理化性质 | pH | 6.00-7.50 | ||
SOC质量分数/(g∙kg−1) | ≥200 | |||
TN质量分数/(g∙kg−1) | ≥2.00 | |||
TP质量分数/(g∙kg−1) | ≥0.60 | |||
容重/(g∙cm−3) | 0.82-1.20 | |||
孔隙度/% | >40.0 |
Table 1 General situation of highway slope spraying engineering
高速公路 | 京礼高速 | 京昆高速 | 京承高速(三期) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
施工时间 | 2018年 | 2014年 | 2009年 | |
北京市内建设里程/km | 75.0 | 60.0 | 132.4 | |
自然边坡土壤理化性质 | pH | 7.74±0.09 | 7.70±0.07 | 7.50±0.03 |
SOC质量分数/(g∙kg−1) | 11.40±0.60 | 13.30±0.35 | 14.23±0.58 | |
TN质量分数/(g∙kg−1) | 2.29±0.33 | 2.12±0.30 | 2.34±0.46 | |
TP质量分数/(g∙kg−1) | 0.59±0.04 | 0.81±0.09 | 1.23±0.05 | |
容重/(g∙cm−3) | 1.25±0.03 | 1.10±0.04 | 1.24±0.06 | |
孔隙度/% | 52.72±0.98 | 58.39±1.49 | 56.68±0.38 | |
喷播植物种 | 刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、臭椿(Ailanthus altissima)、构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)、紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)、胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor)、荆条(Vitex negundo var.)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、沙打旺(斜茎黄芪)(Astragalus laxmannii)、高羊茅(Festucaelata)、野花组合(野菊花Chrysanthemum indicum、紫花地丁Viola philippica、牵牛Ipomoea nil等) | |||
植生基材理化性质 | pH | 6.00-7.50 | ||
SOC质量分数/(g∙kg−1) | ≥200 | |||
TN质量分数/(g∙kg−1) | ≥2.00 | |||
TP质量分数/(g∙kg−1) | ≥0.60 | |||
容重/(g∙cm−3) | 0.82-1.20 | |||
孔隙度/% | >40.0 |
高速公路 | 桩号 | 恢复年限/a | 编号 | 纬度 | 经度 | 坡向 | 海拔/m | 坡度/(°) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
京礼高速 | YK27+160-YK27+220 | 5 | 1 | 40°15′53″N | 116°00′08″E | 阳坡 | 471 | 33.2 |
2 | 40°15′40″N | 116°00′01″E | 阴坡 | 458 | 23.4 | |||
自然边坡 | - | - | 3 | 40°15′52.98″N | 116°00′11″E | 阳坡 | 502 | 34.5 |
4 | 40°15′40″N | 115°59′59″E | 阴坡 | 467 | 29.1 | |||
京昆高速 | K29+220-K29+435 | 10 | 5 | 39°37′31″N | 115°53′59″E | 阳坡 | 187 | 32.9 |
6 | 39°37′34″N | 115°53′56″E | 阴坡 | 188 | 35.8 | |||
自然边坡 | - | - | 7 | 39°37′39″N | 115°53′50″E | 阳坡 | 169 | 31.4 |
8 | 39°37′35″N | 115°53′55″E | 阴坡 | 172 | 32.1 | |||
京承高速(三期) | K114+100-K114+230 | 15 | 9 | 40°34′03″N | 117°09′36″E | 阳坡 | 235 | 29.8 |
10 | 40°34′04″N | 117°09′39″E | 阴坡 | 234 | 35.4 | |||
自然边坡 | - | - | 11 | 40°34′04″N | 117°09′36″E | 阳坡 | 225 | 34.1 |
12 | 40°34′03″N | 117°09′40″E | 阴坡 | 226 | 33.0 |
Table 2 Basic information of the plot
高速公路 | 桩号 | 恢复年限/a | 编号 | 纬度 | 经度 | 坡向 | 海拔/m | 坡度/(°) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
京礼高速 | YK27+160-YK27+220 | 5 | 1 | 40°15′53″N | 116°00′08″E | 阳坡 | 471 | 33.2 |
2 | 40°15′40″N | 116°00′01″E | 阴坡 | 458 | 23.4 | |||
自然边坡 | - | - | 3 | 40°15′52.98″N | 116°00′11″E | 阳坡 | 502 | 34.5 |
4 | 40°15′40″N | 115°59′59″E | 阴坡 | 467 | 29.1 | |||
京昆高速 | K29+220-K29+435 | 10 | 5 | 39°37′31″N | 115°53′59″E | 阳坡 | 187 | 32.9 |
6 | 39°37′34″N | 115°53′56″E | 阴坡 | 188 | 35.8 | |||
自然边坡 | - | - | 7 | 39°37′39″N | 115°53′50″E | 阳坡 | 169 | 31.4 |
8 | 39°37′35″N | 115°53′55″E | 阴坡 | 172 | 32.1 | |||
京承高速(三期) | K114+100-K114+230 | 15 | 9 | 40°34′03″N | 117°09′36″E | 阳坡 | 235 | 29.8 |
10 | 40°34′04″N | 117°09′39″E | 阴坡 | 234 | 35.4 | |||
自然边坡 | - | - | 11 | 40°34′04″N | 117°09′36″E | 阳坡 | 225 | 34.1 |
12 | 40°34′03″N | 117°09′40″E | 阴坡 | 226 | 33.0 |
科 | 物种 | 种子密度/m−2 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
恢复5年边坡R-5 | 恢复10年边坡R-10 | 恢复15年边坡R-15 | 自然边坡RS | ||
菊科 Asteraceae | 猪毛蒿 Artemisia scoparia | 15.83±8.21 | 0 | 82.33±28.67 | 102.28±36.84 |
苦荬菜 Ixeris polycephala | 0 | 0 | 16.67±12.36 | 1.33±0.81 | |
野菊花 Chrysanthemum indicum | 0 | 5.17±2.37 | 10.00±4.65 | 1.56±0.78 | |
南牡蒿 Artemisia eriopoda | 4.17±4.17 | 25.00±12.91 | 12.50±12.50 | 37.78±10.97 | |
野艾蒿 Artemisia lavandulifolia | 16.67±8.33 | 0 | 107.50±55.24 | 81.11±28.62 | |
中华苦荬菜 Ixeris chinensis | 13.17±6.12 | 100.00±33.46 | 48.17±10.55 | 13.44±6.41 | |
沙苦荬 Ixeris repens | 0 | 5.17±2.44 | 0 | 0 | |
白莲蒿 Artemisia gmelinii | 69.17±7.46 | 42.50±8.04 | 312.33±43.08 | 330.00±97.33 | |
苦苣菜 Sonchus oleraceus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42.50±14.72 | |
小蓬草 Erigeron canadensis | 5.00±2.58 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
鬼针草 Bidens pilosa | 16.67±8.33 | 51.17±17.71 | 18.83±6.06 | 7.39±2.38 | |
小红菊 Chrysanthemum chanetii | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.50±3.14 | |
禾本科 Poaceae | 针茅 Stipa capillata | 44.00±20.34 | 0 | 11.17±5.15 | 128.17±69.65 |
黑麦草 Lolium perenne | 0 | 13.33±6.28 | 10.00±4.65 | 1.83±1.05 | |
欧亚路边青 Geum urbanum | 0 | 4.17±4.17 | 0 | 0 | |
狗牙根 Cynodon dactylon | 0 | 0 | 4.17±4.17 | 0.50±0.40 | |
隐子草 Cleistogenes serotina | 0 | 214.50±98.66 | 45.33±20.28 | 56.61±23.22 | |
早熟禾 Poa annua | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.39±1.39 | |
马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis | 57.50±29.12 | 0 | 65.50±9.02 | 48.39±16.52 | |
狗尾草 Setaria viridis | 227.00±102.41 | 301.00±127.22 | 86.00±10.86 | 209.39±67.23 | |
唇形科 Lamiaceae | 夏至草 Lagopsis supina | 91.83±46.83 | 47.50±19.53 | 0 | 2.17±1.24 |
荆条 Vitex negundo var. | 9.50±4.57 | 4.83±3.06 | 7.17±3.83 | 14.67±5.20 | |
黄荆 Vitex negundo | 5.00±2.58 | 0 | 10.00±3.86 | 37.78±36.04 | |
穗花牡荆 Vitex agnus-castus | 5.00±3.16 | 60.00±30.69 | 0 | 5.00±2.25 | |
牡荆 Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.94±6.94 | |
苋科 Amaranthacea | 藜 Chenopodium album | 25.83±10.83 | 9.83±4.38 | 5.00±4.08 | 32.83±10.84 |
凹头苋 Amaranthus blitum | 0 | 40.83±23.82 | 6.33±4.14 | 7.50±4.34 | |
长芒苋 Amaranthus palmeri | 0 | 47.33±18.61 | 0 | 0 | |
猪毛菜 Salsola collina | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.67±1.40 | |
豆科 Fabaceae | 胡枝子 Lespedeza bicolor | 0 | 0 | 2.50±1.71 | 5.00±2.25 |
紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa | 38.00±14.01 | 5.50±3.99 | 10.33±3.23 | 2.83±1.67 | |
苦木科 Simaroubaceae | 臭椿 Ailanthus altissima | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.67±1.40 |
旋花科 Convolvulaceae | 牵牛 Ipomoea nil | 0 | 20.00±7.79 | 8.33±5.27 | 0 |
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 地锦草 Euphorbia humifusa | 159.17±62.14 | 0 | 0 | 10.56±3.81 |
马齿苋科 Portulacaceae | 马齿苋 Portulaca oleracea | 87.67±26.14 | 0 | 4.17±4.17 | 19.83±7.40 |
十字花科 Brassicaceae | 小花糖芥 Erysimum cheiranthoides | 0 | 10.00±5.23 | 0 | 0 |
通泉草科 Mazaceae | 通泉草 Mazus pumilus | 0 | 5.17±2.44 | 0 | 1.39±1.39 |
紫草科 Boraginaceae | 附地菜 Trigonotis peduncularis | 0 | 23.67±10.65 | 49.00±10.26 | 70.89±22.32 |
总数Total | 889.01 | 1036.33 | 932.83 | 1289.90 |
Table 3 Germination species and seed density of Beijing Expressway slopes seed bank
科 | 物种 | 种子密度/m−2 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
恢复5年边坡R-5 | 恢复10年边坡R-10 | 恢复15年边坡R-15 | 自然边坡RS | ||
菊科 Asteraceae | 猪毛蒿 Artemisia scoparia | 15.83±8.21 | 0 | 82.33±28.67 | 102.28±36.84 |
苦荬菜 Ixeris polycephala | 0 | 0 | 16.67±12.36 | 1.33±0.81 | |
野菊花 Chrysanthemum indicum | 0 | 5.17±2.37 | 10.00±4.65 | 1.56±0.78 | |
南牡蒿 Artemisia eriopoda | 4.17±4.17 | 25.00±12.91 | 12.50±12.50 | 37.78±10.97 | |
野艾蒿 Artemisia lavandulifolia | 16.67±8.33 | 0 | 107.50±55.24 | 81.11±28.62 | |
中华苦荬菜 Ixeris chinensis | 13.17±6.12 | 100.00±33.46 | 48.17±10.55 | 13.44±6.41 | |
沙苦荬 Ixeris repens | 0 | 5.17±2.44 | 0 | 0 | |
白莲蒿 Artemisia gmelinii | 69.17±7.46 | 42.50±8.04 | 312.33±43.08 | 330.00±97.33 | |
苦苣菜 Sonchus oleraceus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42.50±14.72 | |
小蓬草 Erigeron canadensis | 5.00±2.58 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
鬼针草 Bidens pilosa | 16.67±8.33 | 51.17±17.71 | 18.83±6.06 | 7.39±2.38 | |
小红菊 Chrysanthemum chanetii | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.50±3.14 | |
禾本科 Poaceae | 针茅 Stipa capillata | 44.00±20.34 | 0 | 11.17±5.15 | 128.17±69.65 |
黑麦草 Lolium perenne | 0 | 13.33±6.28 | 10.00±4.65 | 1.83±1.05 | |
欧亚路边青 Geum urbanum | 0 | 4.17±4.17 | 0 | 0 | |
狗牙根 Cynodon dactylon | 0 | 0 | 4.17±4.17 | 0.50±0.40 | |
隐子草 Cleistogenes serotina | 0 | 214.50±98.66 | 45.33±20.28 | 56.61±23.22 | |
早熟禾 Poa annua | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.39±1.39 | |
马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis | 57.50±29.12 | 0 | 65.50±9.02 | 48.39±16.52 | |
狗尾草 Setaria viridis | 227.00±102.41 | 301.00±127.22 | 86.00±10.86 | 209.39±67.23 | |
唇形科 Lamiaceae | 夏至草 Lagopsis supina | 91.83±46.83 | 47.50±19.53 | 0 | 2.17±1.24 |
荆条 Vitex negundo var. | 9.50±4.57 | 4.83±3.06 | 7.17±3.83 | 14.67±5.20 | |
黄荆 Vitex negundo | 5.00±2.58 | 0 | 10.00±3.86 | 37.78±36.04 | |
穗花牡荆 Vitex agnus-castus | 5.00±3.16 | 60.00±30.69 | 0 | 5.00±2.25 | |
牡荆 Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.94±6.94 | |
苋科 Amaranthacea | 藜 Chenopodium album | 25.83±10.83 | 9.83±4.38 | 5.00±4.08 | 32.83±10.84 |
凹头苋 Amaranthus blitum | 0 | 40.83±23.82 | 6.33±4.14 | 7.50±4.34 | |
长芒苋 Amaranthus palmeri | 0 | 47.33±18.61 | 0 | 0 | |
猪毛菜 Salsola collina | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.67±1.40 | |
豆科 Fabaceae | 胡枝子 Lespedeza bicolor | 0 | 0 | 2.50±1.71 | 5.00±2.25 |
紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa | 38.00±14.01 | 5.50±3.99 | 10.33±3.23 | 2.83±1.67 | |
苦木科 Simaroubaceae | 臭椿 Ailanthus altissima | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.67±1.40 |
旋花科 Convolvulaceae | 牵牛 Ipomoea nil | 0 | 20.00±7.79 | 8.33±5.27 | 0 |
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 地锦草 Euphorbia humifusa | 159.17±62.14 | 0 | 0 | 10.56±3.81 |
马齿苋科 Portulacaceae | 马齿苋 Portulaca oleracea | 87.67±26.14 | 0 | 4.17±4.17 | 19.83±7.40 |
十字花科 Brassicaceae | 小花糖芥 Erysimum cheiranthoides | 0 | 10.00±5.23 | 0 | 0 |
通泉草科 Mazaceae | 通泉草 Mazus pumilus | 0 | 5.17±2.44 | 0 | 1.39±1.39 |
紫草科 Boraginaceae | 附地菜 Trigonotis peduncularis | 0 | 23.67±10.65 | 49.00±10.26 | 70.89±22.32 |
总数Total | 889.01 | 1036.33 | 932.83 | 1289.90 |
边坡类型 | 恢复5年边坡R-5 | 恢复10年边坡R-10 | 恢复15年边坡R-15 | 自然边坡RS |
---|---|---|---|---|
恢复5年边坡R-5 | 1 | |||
恢复10年边坡R-10 | 0.51 | 1 | ||
恢复15年边坡R-15 | 0.68 | 0.64 | 1 | |
自然边坡RS | 0.68 | 0.60 | 0.80 | 1 |
Table 4 Similarity coefficient of soil seed banks in different restoration years of Beijing expressway slopes
边坡类型 | 恢复5年边坡R-5 | 恢复10年边坡R-10 | 恢复15年边坡R-15 | 自然边坡RS |
---|---|---|---|---|
恢复5年边坡R-5 | 1 | |||
恢复10年边坡R-10 | 0.51 | 1 | ||
恢复15年边坡R-15 | 0.68 | 0.64 | 1 | |
自然边坡RS | 0.68 | 0.60 | 0.80 | 1 |
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