Vegetation Succession Characteristics of Highway Slope Spraying in Beijing: A Perspective from the Soil Seed Bank

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.06.011

Ecology and Environmental Sciences ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 941-949.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.06.011

• Research Article [Environmental Science] • Previous Articles Next Articles

Vegetation Succession Characteristics of Highway Slope Spraying in Beijing: A Perspective from the Soil Seed Bank

OUYANG Qunwen¹(), GUO Xiaoping¹^,^*(), HAO Jiahang¹, GUO Yu²

1. College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
2. Beijing Green Source Ecological Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100085, P. R. China

Received:2024-12-05 Online:2025-06-18 Published:2025-06-11

基于种子库视角的北京市高速路边坡喷播植被演替特征研究

欧阳群文¹(), 郭小平¹^,^*(), 郝嘉航¹, 郭宇²

1.北京林业大学水土保持学院，北京 100083
2.北京绿之源生态科技有限公司，北京 100085

通讯作者: * 郭小平, E-mail: guoxp@bjfu.edu.cn
作者简介:欧阳群文（2000年生），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为工程绿化。E-mail: oyang0224@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0504406);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2020ZD0021);林业行业标准修订项目(2023-LY-057)

Abstract

Abstract:

Against the backdrop of the accelerated construction of highway transportation networks, it is of great significance to understand the characteristics of vegetation succession under highway slope spraying technology, because it contributes to improving plant community stability and the highway environment. However, follow-up research on the effects of highway slope vegetation spraying is lacking. In this study, slopes with different restoration years from three highways in Beijing, along with the surrounding natural slopes, were selected as research subjects. The density and similarity of the slope soil seed bank, as well as the relationship between the soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation, were investigated through vegetation surveys of sample plots and germination tests of the soil seed bank using the space-for-time substitution method. The succession patterns of the aboveground vegetation were revealed from the perspective of the seed bank, thereby providing a theoretical basis for future artificial regulation. The results showed that: 1) The total seed bank density of Beijing expressway slope soil ranged from 8.89×10² to 1.04×10³ seed·m⁻², initially increasing and then decreasing with the increase in restoration years. 2) The similarity between the slope seed banks ranged from 0.51 to 0.80, with the similarity between the artificial slope seed banks and natural slopes reaching highly similar levels after 15 years of restoration. 3) The diversity index of both the slope soil seed bank and the aboveground vegetation increased annually. The similarity coefficient between the slope soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation ranged from 0.29 to 0.40, indicating a medium level of dissimilarity. The results indicated that as the number of restoration years increased, the diversity of both the artificial slope soil seed bank and the aboveground vegetation gradually increased. Retention of the surrounding natural vegetation had a complementary effect on the soil seed bank, although this effect was limited. Additionally, the resilience of the soil seed bank to aboveground vegetation declined during later stages of succession.

Key words: highway slope, spray seeding greening, soil seed bank, vegetation succession, ecological restoration

摘要：

在中国高速公路交通运输网加速建设的大背景下，认识高速路边坡喷播的植被演替特征，对于提高植物群落稳定性和改善公路环境具有重要意义，然而目前对高速路边坡植被喷播效果缺乏后期跟踪研究。以北京市内3条高速路不同恢复年限边坡及周边自然边坡为研究对象，以空间代时间法，通过样地植被调查以及土壤种子库萌发试验，研究边坡土壤种子库密度、相似性及其与地上植被的关系，从种子库的角度揭示地上植被演替规律，为后期人工调控提供理论依据。结果表明：1）北京高速公路边坡土壤种子库总密度在8.89×10²－1.04×10³ seed·m⁻²之间，随恢复年限的增加呈先上升后下降的特征；2）边坡种子库之间的相似性在0.51－0.80之间，人工边坡种子库在恢复15年时与自然边坡相似性达到了极相似水平；3）边坡土壤种子库和地上植被的多样性指数呈现逐年递增的趋势；边坡土壤种子库与地上植被相似性系数在0.29－0.40之间，处于中等不相似水平。上述研究结果表明随着恢复年限的增加，人工边坡土壤种子库和地上植被的多样性逐渐增加，保留周边自然植被对土壤种子库有一定的补充作用，但补充作用有限，并且土壤种子库在演替后期对地上植被的恢复力下降。

关键词: 高速路边坡, 喷播绿化, 土壤种子库, 植被演替, 生态修复

CLC Number:

Q948
X173

OUYANG Qunwen, GUO Xiaoping, HAO Jiahang, GUO Yu. Vegetation Succession Characteristics of Highway Slope Spraying in Beijing: A Perspective from the Soil Seed Bank[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2025, 34(6): 941-949.

欧阳群文, 郭小平, 郝嘉航, 郭宇. 基于种子库视角的北京市高速路边坡喷播植被演替特征研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2025, 34(6): 941-949.

Figures/Tables 6

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高速公路		京礼高速	京昆高速	京承高速（三期）
施工时间		2018年	2014年	2009年
北京市内建设里程/km		75.0	60.0	132.4
自然边坡土壤理化性质	pH	7.74±0.09	7.70±0.07	7.50±0.03
	SOC质量分数/(g∙kg⁻¹)	11.40±0.60	13.30±0.35	14.23±0.58
	TN质量分数/(g∙kg⁻¹)	2.29±0.33	2.12±0.30	2.34±0.46
	TP质量分数/(g∙kg⁻¹)	0.59±0.04	0.81±0.09	1.23±0.05
	容重/(g∙cm⁻³)	1.25±0.03	1.10±0.04	1.24±0.06
	孔隙度/%	52.72±0.98	58.39±1.49	56.68±0.38
喷播植物种		刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia）、臭椿（Ailanthus altissima）、构树（Broussonetia papyrifera）、紫穗槐（Amorpha fruticosa）、胡枝子（Lespedeza bicolor）、荆条（Vitex negundo var.）、紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）、沙打旺（斜茎黄芪）（Astragalus laxmannii）、高羊茅（Festucaelata）、野花组合（野菊花Chrysanthemum indicum、紫花地丁Viola philippica、牵牛Ipomoea nil等）
植生基材理化性质	pH	6.00－7.50
	SOC质量分数/(g∙kg⁻¹)	≥200
	TN质量分数/(g∙kg⁻¹)	≥2.00
	TP质量分数/(g∙kg⁻¹)	≥0.60
	容重/(g∙cm⁻³)	0.82－1.20
	孔隙度/%	>40.0

高速公路		京礼高速	京昆高速	京承高速（三期）
施工时间		2018年	2014年	2009年
北京市内建设里程/km		75.0	60.0	132.4
自然边坡土壤理化性质	pH	7.74±0.09	7.70±0.07	7.50±0.03
	SOC质量分数/(g∙kg⁻¹)	11.40±0.60	13.30±0.35	14.23±0.58
	TN质量分数/(g∙kg⁻¹)	2.29±0.33	2.12±0.30	2.34±0.46
	TP质量分数/(g∙kg⁻¹)	0.59±0.04	0.81±0.09	1.23±0.05
	容重/(g∙cm⁻³)	1.25±0.03	1.10±0.04	1.24±0.06
	孔隙度/%	52.72±0.98	58.39±1.49	56.68±0.38
喷播植物种		刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia）、臭椿（Ailanthus altissima）、构树（Broussonetia papyrifera）、紫穗槐（Amorpha fruticosa）、胡枝子（Lespedeza bicolor）、荆条（Vitex negundo var.）、紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）、沙打旺（斜茎黄芪）（Astragalus laxmannii）、高羊茅（Festucaelata）、野花组合（野菊花Chrysanthemum indicum、紫花地丁Viola philippica、牵牛Ipomoea nil等）
植生基材理化性质	pH	6.00－7.50
	SOC质量分数/(g∙kg⁻¹)	≥200
	TN质量分数/(g∙kg⁻¹)	≥2.00
	TP质量分数/(g∙kg⁻¹)	≥0.60
	容重/(g∙cm⁻³)	0.82－1.20
	孔隙度/%	>40.0

高速公路	桩号	恢复年限/a	编号	纬度	经度	坡向	海拔/m	坡度/(°)
京礼高速	YK27+160－YK27+220	5	1	40°15′53″N	116°00′08″E	阳坡	471	33.2
京礼高速	YK27+160－YK27+220	5	2	40°15′40″N	116°00′01″E	阴坡	458	23.4
自然边坡	－	－	3	40°15′52.98″N	116°00′11″E	阳坡	502	34.5
自然边坡	－	－	4	40°15′40″N	115°59′59″E	阴坡	467	29.1
京昆高速	K29+220－K29+435	10	5	39°37′31″N	115°53′59″E	阳坡	187	32.9
京昆高速	K29+220－K29+435	10	6	39°37′34″N	115°53′56″E	阴坡	188	35.8
自然边坡	－	－	7	39°37′39″N	115°53′50″E	阳坡	169	31.4
自然边坡	－	－	8	39°37′35″N	115°53′55″E	阴坡	172	32.1
京承高速（三期）	K114+100－K114+230	15	9	40°34′03″N	117°09′36″E	阳坡	235	29.8
京承高速（三期）	K114+100－K114+230	15	10	40°34′04″N	117°09′39″E	阴坡	234	35.4
自然边坡	－	－	11	40°34′04″N	117°09′36″E	阳坡	225	34.1
自然边坡	－	－	12	40°34′03″N	117°09′40″E	阴坡	226	33.0

高速公路	桩号	恢复年限/a	编号	纬度	经度	坡向	海拔/m	坡度/(°)
京礼高速	YK27+160－YK27+220	5	1	40°15′53″N	116°00′08″E	阳坡	471	33.2
京礼高速	YK27+160－YK27+220	5	2	40°15′40″N	116°00′01″E	阴坡	458	23.4
自然边坡	－	－	3	40°15′52.98″N	116°00′11″E	阳坡	502	34.5
自然边坡	－	－	4	40°15′40″N	115°59′59″E	阴坡	467	29.1
京昆高速	K29+220－K29+435	10	5	39°37′31″N	115°53′59″E	阳坡	187	32.9
京昆高速	K29+220－K29+435	10	6	39°37′34″N	115°53′56″E	阴坡	188	35.8
自然边坡	－	－	7	39°37′39″N	115°53′50″E	阳坡	169	31.4
自然边坡	－	－	8	39°37′35″N	115°53′55″E	阴坡	172	32.1
京承高速（三期）	K114+100－K114+230	15	9	40°34′03″N	117°09′36″E	阳坡	235	29.8
京承高速（三期）	K114+100－K114+230	15	10	40°34′04″N	117°09′39″E	阴坡	234	35.4
自然边坡	－	－	11	40°34′04″N	117°09′36″E	阳坡	225	34.1
自然边坡	－	－	12	40°34′03″N	117°09′40″E	阴坡	226	33.0

科	物种	种子密度/m⁻²
科	物种	恢复5年边坡R-5	恢复10年边坡R-10	恢复15年边坡R-15	自然边坡RS
菊科 Asteraceae	猪毛蒿 Artemisia scoparia	15.83±8.21	0	82.33±28.67	102.28±36.84
	苦荬菜 Ixeris polycephala	0	0	16.67±12.36	1.33±0.81
	野菊花 Chrysanthemum indicum	0	5.17±2.37	10.00±4.65	1.56±0.78
	南牡蒿 Artemisia eriopoda	4.17±4.17	25.00±12.91	12.50±12.50	37.78±10.97
	野艾蒿 Artemisia lavandulifolia	16.67±8.33	0	107.50±55.24	81.11±28.62
	中华苦荬菜 Ixeris chinensis	13.17±6.12	100.00±33.46	48.17±10.55	13.44±6.41
	沙苦荬 Ixeris repens	0	5.17±2.44	0	0
	白莲蒿 Artemisia gmelinii	69.17±7.46	42.50±8.04	312.33±43.08	330.00±97.33
	苦苣菜 Sonchus oleraceus	0	0	0	42.50±14.72
	小蓬草 Erigeron canadensis	5.00±2.58	0	0	0
	鬼针草 Bidens pilosa	16.67±8.33	51.17±17.71	18.83±6.06	7.39±2.38
	小红菊 Chrysanthemum chanetii	0	0	0	5.50±3.14
禾本科 Poaceae	针茅 Stipa capillata	44.00±20.34	0	11.17±5.15	128.17±69.65
	黑麦草 Lolium perenne	0	13.33±6.28	10.00±4.65	1.83±1.05
	欧亚路边青 Geum urbanum	0	4.17±4.17	0	0
	狗牙根 Cynodon dactylon	0	0	4.17±4.17	0.50±0.40
	隐子草 Cleistogenes serotina	0	214.50±98.66	45.33±20.28	56.61±23.22
	早熟禾 Poa annua	0	0	0	1.39±1.39
	马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis	57.50±29.12	0	65.50±9.02	48.39±16.52
	狗尾草 Setaria viridis	227.00±102.41	301.00±127.22	86.00±10.86	209.39±67.23
唇形科 Lamiaceae	夏至草 Lagopsis supina	91.83±46.83	47.50±19.53	0	2.17±1.24
	荆条 Vitex negundo var.	9.50±4.57	4.83±3.06	7.17±3.83	14.67±5.20
	黄荆 Vitex negundo	5.00±2.58	0	10.00±3.86	37.78±36.04
	穗花牡荆 Vitex agnus-castus	5.00±3.16	60.00±30.69	0	5.00±2.25
	牡荆 Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia	0	0	0	6.94±6.94
苋科 Amaranthacea	藜 Chenopodium album	25.83±10.83	9.83±4.38	5.00±4.08	32.83±10.84
	凹头苋 Amaranthus blitum	0	40.83±23.82	6.33±4.14	7.50±4.34
	长芒苋 Amaranthus palmeri	0	47.33±18.61	0	0
	猪毛菜 Salsola collina	0	0	0	1.67±1.40
豆科 Fabaceae	胡枝子 Lespedeza bicolor	0	0	2.50±1.71	5.00±2.25
	紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa	38.00±14.01	5.50±3.99	10.33±3.23	2.83±1.67
苦木科 Simaroubaceae	臭椿 Ailanthus altissima	0	0	0	1.67±1.40
旋花科 Convolvulaceae	牵牛 Ipomoea nil	0	20.00±7.79	8.33±5.27	0
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	地锦草 Euphorbia humifusa	159.17±62.14	0	0	10.56±3.81
马齿苋科 Portulacaceae	马齿苋 Portulaca oleracea	87.67±26.14	0	4.17±4.17	19.83±7.40
十字花科 Brassicaceae	小花糖芥 Erysimum cheiranthoides	0	10.00±5.23	0	0
通泉草科 Mazaceae	通泉草 Mazus pumilus	0	5.17±2.44	0	1.39±1.39
紫草科 Boraginaceae	附地菜 Trigonotis peduncularis	0	23.67±10.65	49.00±10.26	70.89±22.32
总数Total		889.01	1036.33	932.83	1289.90

Vegetation Succession Characteristics of Highway Slope Spraying in Beijing: A Perspective from the Soil Seed Bank

基于种子库视角的北京市高速路边坡喷播植被演替特征研究

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边坡类型	恢复5年边坡R-5	恢复10年边坡R-10	恢复15年边坡R-15	自然边坡RS
恢复5年边坡R-5	1
恢复10年边坡R-10	0.51	1
恢复15年边坡R-15	0.68	0.64	1
自然边坡RS	0.68	0.60	0.80	1

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