Abstract:

Reclaiming gangue mountains in mining areas is challenging due to their poor nutrients and physical structure. This study seeks to address these issues by combining microbial agents with waste resource to establish a suitable reclamation environment that supports pioneer plant colonization in gangue hills. The study also aims to screen the optimal application plan. Perennial ryegrass was used as the test plant, and the waste resources residue evaporation (RAE), Trichoderma longibrachiatum (TL) and activated sludge (AS) were selected as modifiers to carry out pot experiments under the condition of gangue mountain matrix habitat. Eight different treatments were set up, namely RAE, TL, AS, RAE+TL, RAE+AS, TL+AS, RAE+TL+AS and CK, to evaluate the effects of different treatments on the growth physiology, soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass of perennial ryegrass. The results showed that 1) all treatments could improve the growth index of perennial ryegrass, with the RAE+TL+AS treatment having the best effect on the total biomass of perennial ryegrass, which was 2.52 times higher than that of CK. Furthermore, the treatments generally reduced the content of malondialdehyde in leaves and increased the activity of catalase, proline and soluble sugar content in leaves, indicating that TL, RAE and AS improve stress resistance by enhancing plant antioxidant function instead of increasing osmotic pressure. Among them, AS single application had the best effect on improving the growth and physiological properties of perennial ryegrass, and its growth physiological comprehensive index (PGPI) was 3.88 times higher than CK. 2) In terms of soil enzyme activity, the AS single application treatment and TL+AS combined application treatment had the strongest effects on the activity of sucrase, urease, phosphatase and catalase. 3) In terms of soil microbial biomass, RAE+TL+AS had the greatest increase in microbial biomass carbon, which was 1.64 times higher than CK. Among the treatments, the soil microbial quality index (SMQI) of AS treatment was the highest, which was 28.3 times higher than that of CK. In general, considering the total biomass (reclamation effect), it is suggested that the gangue hill reclamation should adopt three treatments; from the cost perspective, the AS single treatment is recommended. This study provides a novel and effective technology for the reclamation of gangue hills in mining areas, and also offers a new direction for resource utilization of resources residue evaporation and activated sludge.

Key words: residue after evaporation, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, excess activated sludge, gangue hill, ecological restoration

摘要：

煤矿开采区矸石山由于其有机质含量低、土壤物理结构不良，致使植物生长困难，复垦难度大。针对上述问题，将微生物菌剂与废弃资源配施，以期在矸石山建立适宜先锋植物定植的复垦环境并筛选最优施用方案。以黑麦草（Lolium perenne）为供试植物，选取废弃资源古龙酸母液（RAE）、长枝木霉菌（TL）与剩余活性污泥（AS）为改良剂在矸石山基质生境条件下进行盆栽试验，设置8种不同处理，分别为RAE、TL、AS、RAE+TL、RAE+AS、TL+AS、RAE+TL+AS及CK，评估不同处理对黑麦草生长生理、土壤酶活性及微生物量的影响。结果表明，1）各处理均能够提高黑麦草的生长指标，其中RAE+TL+AS三施对黑麦草总生物量的提高效果最好，比CK提高了2.52倍；同时各处理总体上能够降低叶片丙二醛含量，提高叶片过氧化氢酶活性、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量，表明TL、RAE、AS是通过提高植物抗氧化功能而不是通过提高渗透压的方式来提高抗逆性。其中AS单施对提高黑麦草生长、生理性质的效果最好，其生长生理综合指数（PGPI）比CK提高了3.88倍。2）在土壤酶活性方面，单施处理中AS，配施处理中TL+AS，对蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性提升效果最好。3）在土壤微生物量方面，RAE+TL+AS三施对微生物量碳的提高幅度最大，比CK提高了1.64倍。各处理中，AS单施处理的土壤微生物质量综合指数（SMQI）最高，但考虑到总生物量（复垦效果），建议矸石山复垦采用三施处理；从成本角度考虑，建议采用AS单施处理。该研究为矿区矸石山复垦提供有益的技术探索，也为古龙酸母液和剩余活性污泥的资源化利用提供了全新的见解和技术支持。

关键词: 古龙酸母液, 长枝木霉菌, 剩余活性污泥, 矸石山, 生态修复