Plant Water Use Sources and Efficiency During Vegetation Restoration in Typical Karst Area Under Severe Drought Conditions

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.10.005

Ecology and Environment ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (10): 1534-1543.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.10.005

• Research Article [Ecology] • Previous Articles Next Articles

Plant Water Use Sources and Efficiency During Vegetation Restoration in Typical Karst Area Under Severe Drought Conditions

CHEN Yan¹^,²(), YANG Hui¹^,³^,⁴^,^*(), NING Jing¹^,⁵, ZHU Degen¹, WU Xia¹^,³^,⁴, HUANG Fen¹^,³^,⁴, MA Yang¹, CHEN Wei⁶, Mitja PRELOVŠEK⁷, Nataša RAVBAR⁷

1. Karst Dynamics Laboratory, MNR and Guangxi/Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
2. Institute of Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
3. International Research Centre on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO/National Center for International Research on Karst Dynamic System and Global Change, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
4. Pingguo Guangxi, Karst Ecosystem, National Observation and Research Station, Pingguo 531406, P. R. China
5. School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
6. School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
7. Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Art, Karst Research Institute, Titov trg 2, 6230 Postojna, Slovenia

Received:2024-04-24 Online:2024-10-18 Published:2024-11-15
Contact: YANG Hui

重度干旱条件下典型岩溶区植被恢复过程中植物水分利用来源和效率研究

陈燕¹^,²(), 杨慧¹^,³^,⁴^,^*(), 宁静¹^,⁵, 朱德根¹, 吴夏¹^,³^,⁴, 黄芬¹^,³^,⁴, 马洋¹, 陈伟⁶, Mitja Prelovšek⁷, Nataša Ravbar⁷

1.中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部广西岩溶动力学重点实验室，广西桂林 541004
2.中国地质大学（武汉）地质调查研究院，湖北武汉 430074
3.联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心/岩溶动力系统与全球变化国际联合研究中心，广西桂林 541004
4.广西平果喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，广西平果 531406
5.中国地质大学（北京）水资源与环境学院，北京 100083
6.中国地质大学（武汉）环境学院，湖北武汉 430074
7.斯洛文尼亚科学与艺术院研究中心喀斯特研究所，波斯托尼亚 SI-6230

通讯作者: 杨慧
作者简介:陈燕（2000年生），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为岩溶生态-水文过程。E-mail: yaner@cug.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0107100);广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB22035004)

Abstract

Abstract:

In the karst regions of Southwest China, moisture serves as a pivotal ecological factor that constrains vegetation rehabilitation. On the other hand, water utilization represents a fundamental eco-hydrological process that mirrors the response of vegetation to environmental alterations. Currently, there is a lack of systematic analysis of the differences in water utilization characteristics among major vegetation communities during vegetation recovery processes in karst areas under seasonal drought conditions, which hinders the understanding of plant drought resistance mechanisms in karst regions during seasonal drought processes. To elucidate the sources and efficiency of plant water utilization during vegetation recovery processes in typical karst regions under severe drought conditions, soil samples were collected at depths of 0‒100 cm near the dominant species in different vegetation recovery stages, including farmland, grassland, shrubland, and forest, at the Maocun Karst Ecological Experimental Site in Guilin. Stem, leaf, and soil water samples were collected, and the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in soil, water, plant stem water, and carbon isotopes in plant leaves were determined. The Bayesian isotope mixing model (MixSIAR) was used to determine the proportion of different water sources for major plant communities in different vegetation recovery stages, and to analyze differences in water source utilization and efficiency. The results indicated that under severe drought conditions: 1) apart from the shrubland, dominant plants in other vegetation recovery stages mainly utilized underground river water, with utilization rates of underground river water by dominant species in farmland, grassland, woodland, and non-karst woodland being 61.7%±5.3%, 70.0%±9.0%, 61.5%±10.6%, and 57.9%±4.8%, respectively. Furthermore, except for the shrubland stage, where the proportion of dominant plants utilizing soil water at depths of 0-10 cm was the highest, in other vegetation recovery stages and in non-karst woodlands, the proportion of dominant plants utilizing soil water at depths of 60‒100 cm was the highest, which is related to the lower soil moisture content in the surface soil layer under long-term drought conditions. 2) Except for the shrubland stage, the dominant plant species in karst regions showed higher water utilization efficiency than those in non-karst regions, with the highest water utilization efficiency observed in the grassland stage at 56.5 μmol∙mol⁻¹. These findings enrich our understanding of the hydrological regulation of vegetation responses to environmental changes during ecological recovery processes in karst regions under severe drought conditions, thereby providing scientific data for the protection of fragile ecological environments.

Key words: severe drought, karst, stable isotope, water sources and efficiency of plants, MixSIAR model

摘要：

水分条件是限制西南岩溶地区植物恢复的重要生态因子。目前缺少季节性干旱过程中岩溶区植被恢复过程中主要植被群落水分利用特征差异的系统分析，限制了对岩溶区季节性干旱过程中植物的抗旱机制的理解。为了揭示重度干旱条件下典型岩溶区植被恢复过程中植物水分利用来源和效率，在桂林毛村岩溶生态试验场农田、草地、灌丛和林地等不同植被恢复过程中采集了主要的优势物种附近的0－100 cm深度土壤样品和8种植物茎杆、叶片样品，测定土壤水、植物茎秆水中氢氧同位素与植物叶片的碳同位素，利用贝叶斯同位素混合（MixSIAR）模型确定不同植被恢复阶段主要植物群落水分来源比例，分析水分利用来源和水分利用效率的差异。结果表明，1）重度干旱条件下，研究区除岩溶区灌丛阶段主要利用土壤水外，其他各植被恢复阶段的优势植物均主要利用地下河水。岩溶区农田、草丛、乔木和非岩溶区乔木林的优势物种对地下河水的利用率分别为61.7%±5.3%、70.0%±9.0%、61.5%±10.6%、57.9%±4.8%。而且除岩溶区灌丛阶段优势植物利用0－10 cm深度的土壤水的比例最大外，其他各植被恢复阶段和非岩溶区乔木林的优势植物利用60－100 cm深度的土壤水的比例最大，这与长期干旱表层土壤含水率较低有关。2）除灌丛阶段外，研究区岩溶区各植被恢复阶段优势植物水分利用效率均高于非岩溶区，其中，草丛阶段优势植物的水分利用效率最高，为56.5 μmol∙mol⁻¹。研究结果有助于理解重度干旱气候下岩溶区生态恢复过程中植物对环境变化的水文调控提供科学数据，为脆弱生态环境保护提供科技支撑。

关键词: 重度干旱, 岩溶, 稳定同位素, 植物水分来源和效率, MixSIAR模型

CLC Number:

S157
X173

CHEN Yan, YANG Hui, NING Jing, ZHU Degen, WU Xia, HUANG Fen, MA Yang, CHEN Wei, Mitja PRELOVŠEK, Nataša RAVBAR. Plant Water Use Sources and Efficiency During Vegetation Restoration in Typical Karst Area Under Severe Drought Conditions[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(10): 1534-1543.

陈燕, 杨慧, 宁静, 朱德根, 吴夏, 黄芬, 马洋, 陈伟, Mitja Prelovšek, Nataša Ravbar. 重度干旱条件下典型岩溶区植被恢复过程中植物水分利用来源和效率研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(10): 1534-1543.

Figures/Tables 8

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研究区类型	植被恢复阶段	采样点	地理位置	海拔/m	土壤含水率/%	pH (0‒100 cm)
岩溶区	农田阶段	KN1	110°32′48.40″E, 25°12′33.68″N	300	12.0‒24.8	5.1‒6.2
		KN2	110°32′48.15″E, 25°12′33.81″N	307	18.0‒24.0	5.1‒6.4
		KN3	110°32′48.31″E, 25°12′34.02″N	309	15.3‒21.0	5.2‒6.5
	草丛阶段	KC1	110°32′21.83″E, 25°12′22.83″N	360	12.9‒21.1	6.6‒6.9
		KC2	110°32′19.97″E, 25°12′23.88″N	329	14.0‒24.4	6.4‒6.8
		KC3	110°32′22.06″E, 25°12′23.05″N	348	11.5‒19.2	6.6‒7.0
	灌丛阶段	KG1	110°32′43.20″E, 25°12′33.28″N	334	14.3‒23.8	6.4‒7.1
		KG2	110°32′44.59″E, 25°12′37.26″N	329	18.7‒21.5	7.1‒7.5
		KG3	110°32′44.07″E, 25°12′37.79″N	341	8.5‒18.7	6.3‒7.8
	乔木阶段	KQ1	110°31′55.02″E, 25°12′22.47″N	254	16.3‒19.2	5.0‒7.0
		KQ2	110°31′54.66″E, 25°12′21.13″N	268	17.4‒23.2	5.3‒6.4
		KQ3	110°31′55.28″E, 25°12′20.16″N	287	20.0‒26.4	5.4‒6.9
非岩溶区	乔木阶段	NKQ1	110°33′15.24″E, 25°10′6.67″N	396	18.3‒22.6	4.6‒5.1
		NKQ2	110°33′15.71″E, 25°10′7.43″N	371	19.0‒20.8	4.9‒5.1
		NKQ3	110°33′16.38″E, 25°10′7.15″N	371	13.9‒16.7	5.0‒5.1

研究区类型	植被恢复阶段	采样点	地理位置	海拔/m	土壤含水率/%	pH (0‒100 cm)
岩溶区	农田阶段	KN1	110°32′48.40″E, 25°12′33.68″N	300	12.0‒24.8	5.1‒6.2
		KN2	110°32′48.15″E, 25°12′33.81″N	307	18.0‒24.0	5.1‒6.4
		KN3	110°32′48.31″E, 25°12′34.02″N	309	15.3‒21.0	5.2‒6.5
	草丛阶段	KC1	110°32′21.83″E, 25°12′22.83″N	360	12.9‒21.1	6.6‒6.9
		KC2	110°32′19.97″E, 25°12′23.88″N	329	14.0‒24.4	6.4‒6.8
		KC3	110°32′22.06″E, 25°12′23.05″N	348	11.5‒19.2	6.6‒7.0
	灌丛阶段	KG1	110°32′43.20″E, 25°12′33.28″N	334	14.3‒23.8	6.4‒7.1
		KG2	110°32′44.59″E, 25°12′37.26″N	329	18.7‒21.5	7.1‒7.5
		KG3	110°32′44.07″E, 25°12′37.79″N	341	8.5‒18.7	6.3‒7.8
	乔木阶段	KQ1	110°31′55.02″E, 25°12′22.47″N	254	16.3‒19.2	5.0‒7.0
		KQ2	110°31′54.66″E, 25°12′21.13″N	268	17.4‒23.2	5.3‒6.4
		KQ3	110°31′55.28″E, 25°12′20.16″N	287	20.0‒26.4	5.4‒6.9
非岩溶区	乔木阶段	NKQ1	110°33′15.24″E, 25°10′6.67″N	396	18.3‒22.6	4.6‒5.1
		NKQ2	110°33′15.71″E, 25°10′7.43″N	371	19.0‒20.8	4.9‒5.1
		NKQ3	110°33′16.38″E, 25°10′7.15″N	371	13.9‒16.7	5.0‒5.1

植被恢复阶段	植物种	学名	科	属
农田阶段	橘子树	Citrus Reticulata Blanco	芸香科	柑橘属
草丛阶段	五节芒	Miscanthus floridulus	禾本科	芒属
灌丛阶段	檵木	Loropetalum chinense	金缕梅科	檵木属
灌丛阶段	龙须藤	Bauhinia championii	豆科火索藤属	羊蹄甲属
乔木阶段	檵木	Loropetalum chinense	金缕梅科	檵木属
乔木阶段	青冈	Cyclobalanopsis glauca	壳斗科	栎属
非岩溶区乔木阶段	丝栗栲	Castanopsis fargesii	壳斗科	锥栗属
非岩溶区乔木阶段	黄绒润楠	Machilus grijsii	樟科	润楠属

植被恢复阶段	植物种	学名	科	属
农田阶段	橘子树	Citrus Reticulata Blanco	芸香科	柑橘属
草丛阶段	五节芒	Miscanthus floridulus	禾本科	芒属
灌丛阶段	檵木	Loropetalum chinense	金缕梅科	檵木属
灌丛阶段	龙须藤	Bauhinia championii	豆科火索藤属	羊蹄甲属
乔木阶段	檵木	Loropetalum chinense	金缕梅科	檵木属
乔木阶段	青冈	Cyclobalanopsis glauca	壳斗科	栎属
非岩溶区乔木阶段	丝栗栲	Castanopsis fargesii	壳斗科	锥栗属
非岩溶区乔木阶段	黄绒润楠	Machilus grijsii	樟科	润楠属

研究区类型	植被恢复阶段	植物种	叶片δ_13C/ ‰	植物WUE/ (μmol•mol⁻¹)
岩溶区	农田阶段	橘子树	-29.43±0.35b	29.14±2.90b
	草丛阶段	五节芒	-13.54±0.18a	56.51±4.36a
	灌丛阶段	檵木	-31.66±0.61b	13.27±0.37b
	灌丛阶段	龙须藤	-28.32±0.08b	18.22±0.10b
	乔木阶段	檵木	-31.49±0.88b	32.03±4.72b
	乔木阶段	青冈	-30.77±0.08b	34.58±0.10b
非岩溶区	乔木阶段	丝栗栲	-31.66±0.92b	18.80±3.37b
非岩溶区	乔木阶段	黄绒润楠	-30.50±0.08b	26.44±0.10b

Plant Water Use Sources and Efficiency During Vegetation Restoration in Typical Karst Area Under Severe Drought Conditions

重度干旱条件下典型岩溶区植被恢复过程中植物水分利用来源和效率研究

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