The Effects of Alfalfa-Triticale Rotation on Soil Bacterial and Fungal Community Diversity and Co-occurrence Network in Coastal Saline-Alkaline Soil

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.07.006

Ecology and Environment ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 1048-1062.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.07.006

• Research Article [Ecology] • Previous Articles Next Articles

The Effects of Alfalfa-Triticale Rotation on Soil Bacterial and Fungal Community Diversity and Co-occurrence Network in Coastal Saline-Alkaline Soil

ZHANG Jinglei¹^,²(), WANG Guoliang¹^,^*(), WU Bo¹, JIA Chunlin¹, ZHANG Jinhong¹, ZHOU Yuan³, MA Bing⁴

1. Key Laboratory of East China Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Shandong Engineering Research Centre for Ecological Horticultural Plant Breeding/ Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji’nan 250100, P. R. China
2. Yellow River Delta Modern Agriculture Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongying 257091, P. R. China
3. Chuxin (Dongying) Modern Agriculture Co. LTD, Dongying 257300, P. R. China
4. Changyi Animal Husbandry Development Center, Weifang 261300, P. R. China

Received:2024-03-07 Online:2024-07-18 Published:2024-09-04
Contact: WANG Guoliang

滨海盐碱地苜蓿-小黑麦轮作对土壤细菌和真菌群落多样性与网络结构的影响

张京磊¹^,²(), 王国良¹^,^*(), 吴波¹, 贾春林¹, 张进红¹, 周圆³, 马冰⁴

1.农业农村部华东都市农业重点实验室/生态园艺植物育种山东省工程研究中心/山东省农业科学院休闲农业研究所，山东济南 250100
2.山东省农业科学院黄河三角洲现代农业研究院，山东东营 257091
3.初心（东营）现代农业有限公司，山东东营 257300
4.昌邑市畜牧业发展中心，山东潍坊 261300

通讯作者: 王国良
作者简介:张京磊（1991年生），男，助理研究员，博士，主要从事草地生态学研究。E-mail: zhangjinglei910524@163.com
基金资助:
滨海盐碱地智慧生态农业技术模式集成与示范(2023YFD2001405);东营市盐碱地综合利用专项(2023YJDZX06);山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目(2023TSGC0046);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2024F12);国家牧草产业技术体系(CRAS-34)

Abstract

Abstract:

Incorporating legumes into crop rotations not only promotes sustainable ecosystem development, but also provides a key way to increase crop yields, especially in low-input and low-diversity agricultural systems. However, the effects of legume inclusion on the soil microbial communities remain unclear. In this study, the responses of soil bacterial and fungal community structures and co-occurrence network patterns in winter triticale-summer maize (MT) and alfalfa-winter triticale (AT) rotations were investigated using high-throughput sequencing technology in a typical coastal saline-alkali land. The results showed that AT had little effect on bacterial community diversity but decreased fungal richness due to soil nitrogen and phosphorus changes. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis showed that AT altered the fungal community structure, but not the bacterial community structure, which was associated with pH and soil organic carbon differences. Network analysis showed that AT increased the complexity and stability of the bacterial network structure, including an increase in nodes and links, average degree, keystone nodes, and negative links as well as a decrease in average path distance, but decreased the complexity and stability of the fungal network structure. This highlights that the contrasting responses of the bacterial and fungal communities to legume inclusion should be considered when exploring the effects of legume-based rotation on the soil microbial community.

Key words: legumes, rotation, soil microbial community, diversity, structure, network analysis

摘要：

把豆科植物纳入作物轮作体系，不仅促进农业生态系统的可持续发展，而且为提高作物产量提供了一条关键途径，尤其是应用在低投入和低多样性农业系统时。然而，土壤微生物群落对于豆科作物轮作的响应仍鲜有研究。以典型滨海盐碱地为研究对象，利用高通量测序技术深入探究了土壤微生物群落结构和共现网络模式对于冬小黑麦 (Triticosecale Wittmack)-夏玉米（Zea mays L.）和紫花苜蓿 (Medicago sativa L.)-冬小黑麦两种轮作模式的响应。结果显示，相对于小黑麦-玉米轮作，苜蓿-小黑麦轮作对细菌群落多样性影响较小，但降低了真菌群落丰富度，这可能与土壤氮和磷含量的变化有关。非度量多维尺度分析（NMDS）结果显示，苜蓿-小黑麦轮作对细菌群落结构的影响较小，但改变了真菌群落结构，这可能与土壤pH和土壤有机碳含量的变化有关。共现网络分析结果表明，苜蓿-小黑麦轮作增加了细菌群落共现网络的复杂性和稳定性，具体表现在网络节点数、连接数、平均连接度、关键节点以及负连接数的增加，平均路径长度的降低。然而，真菌群落共现网络的复杂性和稳定性却表现出了相反的趋势。该研究表明，细菌和真菌对苜蓿轮作具有不一致的响应，在探究豆科作物轮作对土壤微生物的影响时，应当充分考虑这种不一致响应。

关键词: 豆科作物, 轮作, 土壤微生物, 多样性, 群落结构, 网络分析

CLC Number:

ZHANG Jinglei, WANG Guoliang, WU Bo, JIA Chunlin, ZHANG Jinhong, ZHOU Yuan, MA Bing. The Effects of Alfalfa-Triticale Rotation on Soil Bacterial and Fungal Community Diversity and Co-occurrence Network in Coastal Saline-Alkaline Soil[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(7): 1048-1062.

张京磊, 王国良, 吴波, 贾春林, 张进红, 周圆, 马冰. 滨海盐碱地苜蓿-小黑麦轮作对土壤细菌和真菌群落多样性与网络结构的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(7): 1048-1062.

Figures/Tables 16

Figure 1 The effects of different crop rotation systems on bacterial and fungal community diversity

Figure 2 The effects of different crop rotation systems on bacterial and fungal community structure

Figure 3 Relative abundance of bacterial phyla that showed a significant response to the rotation systems

Figure 4 Relative abundance of fungal orders that showed a significant response to the rotation systems

Figure 5 The effects of different crop rotation systems on bacterial and fungal community network structure

Figure 6 Random forest (RF) predictor importance (percentage of increase of mean square error, MSE) of soil properties as drivers for bacterial and fungal diversity

Figure 7 Random forest (RF) predictor importance (percentage of increase of mean square error, MSE) of soil properties as drivers for bacterial and fungal community structure

Figure S1 Schematic diagram of different rotation systems

Table S1 The management practices of different rotation systems

作物系统	施肥	灌溉
MT	玉米 (N-P₂O₅-K₂O: 26-12-12, 525 kg∙hm⁻²), 小黑麦 (N-P₂O₅-K₂O: 15-42-0, 225 kg∙hm⁻²)	根据土壤实际情况统一灌溉
AT	苜蓿 (N-P₂O₅-K₂O: 15-42-0, 225 kg∙hm⁻²), 小黑麦 (N-P₂O₅-K₂O: 15-42-0, 225 kg∙hm⁻²)	根据土壤实际情况统一灌溉

Table S2 Soil properties under different rotation systems

处理	pH	电导率/(μS∙cm⁻¹)	w_(盐分)/(g∙kg⁻¹)	w_{(土壤有机质)}/(g∙kg⁻¹)	w_(全氮)/(g∙kg⁻¹)	w_(全磷)/(g∙kg⁻¹)	w_(有效氮)/(g∙kg⁻¹)	w_(有效磷)/(g∙kg⁻¹)
MT_2022	8.69±0.03	200.63±15.64	1.34±0.21	10.37±0.22a	1.07±0.02	1.03±0.04	113.06±5.17	33.59±4.89
AT_2022	8.67±0.07	151.82±12.52	1.46±0.26	9.16±0.15b	1.02±0.01	0.94±0.03	98.99±7.55	30.42±2.64
MT_2023	8.70±0.04b	163.23±8.86	0.86±0.11	8.47±0.56	1.81±0.06	0.81±0.05	216.78±25.52	21.28±2.27a
AT_2023	8.82±0.04a	182.18±10.10	0.79±0.14	8.22±0.34	1.83±0.06	0.82±0.04	244.57±11.4	13.98±1.77b

Figure S2 The effects of different rotation systems on bacterial and fungal community taxonomic composition (phylum level)

Figure S3 Relative abundance of bacterial orders that showed a significant response to the rotation systems

Figure S4 Relative abundance of fungal phyla that showed a significant response to the rotation systems in 2023

Table S3 Topological properties of the bacterial and fungal networks under different rotation systems

	网络特征	细菌群落		真菌群落
	网络特征	MT	AT	MT	AT
经验网络	节点数	780	866	341	280
	连接数 (负连接数)	2573(1107)	3346(1631)	1157(672)	881(465)
	平均连接度	6.60b	7.73a	6.79b	6.29a
	平均聚集系数	0.37	0.34	0.23	0.22
	平均路径长度	6.72a	5.99b	4.22	4.19
	模块性	0.64	0.59	0.50	0.52
随机网络	平均路径长度	3.61	3.52	4.22	4.19
	平均聚集系数	0.01	0.01	0.23	0.22
	模块性	0.35	0.32	0.34	0.36

Figure S5 The Zi-Pi plot showing the distribution of bacterial and fungal OTUs based on their topological roles

Figure S6 The relationships between bacterial and fungal community diversity and soil physicochemical properties

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The Effects of Alfalfa-Triticale Rotation on Soil Bacterial and Fungal Community Diversity and Co-occurrence Network in Coastal Saline-Alkaline Soil

滨海盐碱地苜蓿-小黑麦轮作对土壤细菌和真菌群落多样性与网络结构的影响

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