基于多尺度遥感数据的水库叶绿素a时空变化特征分析

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.06.013

生态环境学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 963-975.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.06.013

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇下一篇

基于多尺度遥感数据的水库叶绿素a时空变化特征分析

冯雪迪¹^,²(), 邓应彬²^,^*(), 李昭², 贾翊文², 李彤³, 黄嘉诚³, 陈仁容⁴, 张飞⁵, 李鑫², 徐洋¹, 吴尚蓉⁶

¹ 哈尔滨师范大学，黑龙江哈尔滨 150025
² 广东省科学院广州地理研究所/广东省遥感与地理信息系统应用重点实验室/广东省地理空间信息技术与应用公共实验室，广东广州 510070
³ 广东省生态环境监测中心，广东广州 510308
⁴ 广东生态工程职业学院，广东广州 510520
⁵ 浙江师范大学地理与环境科学学院，浙江金华 321004
⁶ 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京 100081

收稿日期:2025-10-10 修回日期:2026-05-25 接受日期:2026-05-26 出版日期:2026-06-18 发布日期:2026-06-08
通讯作者: * 邓应彬，E-mail: yingbin@gdas.ac.cn
作者简介:冯雪迪（2001年生），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为水环境遥感。E-mail: fengxuedi@stu.hrbnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2025A1515012179);国家自然科学基金项目(42207506)

Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Variation of Reservoir Chlorophyll-a Based on Multi-Scale Remote Sensing Data

FENG Xuedi¹^,²(), DENG Yingbin²^,^*(), LI Zhao², JIA Yiwen², LI Tong³, HUANG Jiacheng³, CHEN Renrong⁴, ZHANG Fei⁵, LI Xin², XU Yang¹, WU Shangrong⁶

¹ Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, P. R. China
² Key Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System/Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application/Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, P. R. China
³ Guangdong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510308, P. R. China
⁴ School of Tourism and Culture, Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510520, P. R. China
⁵ College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
⁶ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China

Received:2025-10-10 Revised:2026-05-25 Accepted:2026-05-26 Online:2026-06-18 Published:2026-06-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

叶绿素a（Chl-a）是评估水库富营养化的关键指标。目前的研究在对比不同空间尺度遥感数据，系统揭示水库Chl-a时空分异特征方面仍显不足。该研究以广东省鹤地和高州水库为对象，基于2019－2024年Sentinel-2 MSI与Landsat-8 OLI遥感数据，深入探究了Chl-a时空分异格局。结果表明，1）影像空间分辨率差异显著影响反演结果，低分辨率数据估算的Chl-a浓度普遍高于高分辨率数据，主要受混合像元效应影响。2）两水库Chl-a浓度均呈“先降后升”的阶段性变化，鹤地水库因周边渔业养殖与桉树种植等人为活动强度大，其Chl-a浓度平均高出高州水库54.6%，空间波动性也更显著。3）Chl-a呈现明显季节循环，春夏季浓度显著高于秋冬季，这与浮游植物的季节性垂直迁移规律密切相关：春夏水温升高、光照增强，藻类上浮至表层富集；秋冬低温条件下藻类沉降至底泥休眠。该研究量化了多源数据下水库Chl-a的时空分异特征及其环境指示意义，揭示了双源数据的差异性与局限性，为水库富营养化遥感监测的数据选择与质量控制提供了关键依据。

关键词: 叶绿素a, 水质遥感, 富营养化, 时空变化, 水库

Abstract:

Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) is a key indicator for assessing the eutrophication status of reservoirs. Current research still lacks comprehensive comparisons of remote sensing data at different spatial scales to systematically reveal the time-series spatiotemporal heterogeneity of Chl-a in reservoirs. This study focused on the Hedi and Gaozhou reservoirs in Guangdong Province, using Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat-8 OLI remote sensing data from 2019 to 2024 to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of Chl-a. The results indicate that, 1) differences in spatial resolution significantly affect the retrieval outcomes, with lower-resolution data generally yielding higher Chl-a concentrations than higher-resolution data, primarily due to the mixed pixel effect. 2) Both reservoirs exhibited a phased variation in Chl-a concentration characterized by an initial decline followed by a rebound. Influenced by intensive anthropogenic activities such as aquaculture and eucalyptus plantations in the surrounding areas, the average Chl-a concentration in Hedi Reservoir was 54.58% higher than that in Gaozhou Reservoir, with greater spatial variability. 3) Chl-a showed a clear seasonal cycle, with significantly higher concentrations in spring and summer than in autumn and winter, closely related to the seasonal vertical migration of phytoplankton: under increased water temperature and light intensity in spring and summer, algae float upward and accumulate in the surface layer, whereas under lower temperatures in autumn and winter, algae settle into the sediment and enter a dormant state. This study quantifies the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of reservoir Chl-a and its environmental implications using multi-source data, while revealing the discrepancies and limitations of dual-source remote sensing data. The findings provide critical support for data selection and quality control in time-series remote sensing monitoring of reservoir eutrophication.

Key words: chlorophyll-a, water quality remote sensing, eutrophication, spatiotemporal variation, reservoir

中图分类号:

X524

冯雪迪, 邓应彬, 李昭, 贾翊文, 李彤, 黄嘉诚, 陈仁容, 张飞, 李鑫, 徐洋, 吴尚蓉. 基于多尺度遥感数据的水库叶绿素a时空变化特征分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2026, 35(6): 963-975.

FENG Xuedi, DENG Yingbin, LI Zhao, JIA Yiwen, LI Tong, HUANG Jiacheng, CHEN Renrong, ZHANG Fei, LI Xin, XU Yang, WU Shangrong. Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Variation of Reservoir Chlorophyll-a Based on Multi-Scale Remote Sensing Data[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2026, 35(6): 963-975.

图/表 12

图1 鹤地水库、高州水库研究区示意图该图基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS（2019）3333号的标准地图制作；底图无修改

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the study area of Hedi Reservoir and Gaozhou Reservoir

图2 鹤地水库地面监测数据采样点分布

Figure 2 Distribution of ground monitoring data sampling points at Hedi Reservoir

图3 Sentinel-2 MSI数据鹤地水库与高州水库时序Chl-a值箱图

Figure 3 Sentinel-2 MSI data time-series Chl-a box diagram of Hedi Reservoir and Gaozhou Reservoir

图4 Landsat-8 OLI数据鹤地水库与高州水库时序Chl-a值箱图

Figure 4 Landsat-8 OLI data time-series Chl-a box diagram of Hedi Reservoir and Gaozhou Reservoir

图5 Sentinel-2 MSI和Landsat-8 OLI数据的鹤地水库和高州水库6 a间Chl-a平均值M-K趋势检验图

Figure 5 M-K trend test plot of the 6 a average Chl-a of Hedi Reservoir and Gaozhou Reservoir from Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat-8 OLI data

图6 Sentinel-2 MSI和Landsat-8 OLI数据的鹤地水库和高州水库Chl-a自相关函数图

Figure 6 Autocorrelation function plots of Chl?a for Hedi Reservoir and Gaozhou Reservoir based on Sentinel?2 MSI and Landsat-8 OLI data

图7 鹤地水库和高州水库的Sentinel-2 MSI和Landsat-8 OLI数据时序Chl-a值季节规律图

Figure 7 Seasonal pattern of time-series Chl-a values of Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat-8 OLI data of Hedi Reservoir and Gaozhou Reservoir

图8 鹤地水库Sentinel-2 MSI、Landsat-8 OLI数据时序Chl-a值箱图

Figure 8 Box diagram of time-series Chl-a values of Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat-8 OLI data in Hedi Reservoir

图9 高州水库Sentinel-2 MSI、Landsat-8 OLI数据时序Chl-a值箱图

Figure 9 Box plots of time-series Chl-a values of Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat-8 OLI data in Gaozhou Reservoir

表1 鹤地水库与高州水库不同数据源下的Chl-a浓度空间变异系数（CV）对比

Table 1 Comparison of the spatial variation coefficient (CV) of Chl-a concentration between Hedi Reservoir and Gaozhou Reservoir under different data sources

研究区	Sentinel-2 MSI	Landsat-8 OLI	绝对差异	相对差异
鹤地水库	0.192	0.112	0.08	71.4%
高州水库	0.235	0.062	0.173	279%

表2 鹤地水库不同数据源下的Chl-a浓度实测值与反演值相关性对比

Table 2 Comparison of the correlation between measured and retrieved Chl-a concentrations in hedi reservoir from different data sources

统计指标	Sentinel-2 MSI	Landsat-8 OLI
Pearson相关系数	0.45	0.02
平均偏差	−0.42	1.14
RMSE	16.19	16.37

图10 Sentinel-2 MSI与Landsat-8 OLI数据Chl-a值对比分析图

Figure 10 Comparison and analysis of Chl-a values of Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat-8 OLI data

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基于多尺度遥感数据的水库叶绿素a时空变化特征分析

Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Variation of Reservoir Chlorophyll-a Based on Multi-Scale Remote Sensing Data

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