基于岩性分区的广西植被净生态系统生产力时空演变特征研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.05.004

生态环境学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 702-713.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.05.004

基于岩性分区的广西植被净生态系统生产力时空演变特征研究

张涛¹^,²(), 杨慧³^,^*(), 曹建华¹^,⁴, 周孟霞¹^,⁴, 康志强⁵^,^*()

¹ 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室/联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心，广西桂林 541004
² 桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院，广西桂林 541006
³ 云南大学地球科学学院，云南昆明 650500
⁴ 广西平果喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，广西平果 531406
⁵ 广西壮族自治区地质矿产勘查开发局地球关键带碳循环重点实验室，广西南宁 530000

收稿日期:2025-06-18 修回日期:2025-11-18 接受日期:2025-12-12 出版日期:2026-05-18 发布日期:2026-05-08
通讯作者: *E-mail: karstyanghui@163.com；zqkang000@126.com
作者简介:张涛（1998年生），男，硕士研究生，主要从事岩溶区水文生态耦合过程研究。E-mail: sdlwzt1206@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1902801);广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB25069497);国家自然科学基金项目(42361144885);国家自然科学基金项目(42271094)

Study on the Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics of Vegetation Net Ecosystem Productivity in Guangxi Based on Lithological Zoning

ZHANG Tao¹^,²(), YANG Hui³^,^*(), CAO Jianhua¹^,⁴, ZHOU Mengxia¹^,⁴, KANG Zhiqiang⁵^,^*()

¹ Karst Dynamics Laboratory, MLR/Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences/UNESCO International Research Centre on Karst, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
² College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, P. R. China
³ School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
⁴ Guangxi Pingguo Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Pingguo 531406, P. R. China
⁵ Key Laboratory for Carbon Cycle and Environmental Sustainability in the Earth’s Critical Zone, Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Prospecting and Exploitation, Nanning 530000, P. R. China

Received:2025-06-18 Revised:2025-11-18 Accepted:2025-12-12 Online:2026-05-18 Published:2026-05-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植被净生态系统生产力（NEP）是衡量陆地生态系统碳源/汇功能的核心指标，其时空演变特征研究对区域碳中和意义重大。岩性作为地表物质组成基础单元，深刻影响NEP，但当前NEP研究多聚焦气候与植被耦合，对岩性分异的时空演变特征关注不足。基于1981－2020年中国NEP栅格数据及岩性分区资料，结合Theil-Sen趋势分析与Mann-Kendall检验，系统揭示广西NEP的时空演变规律及其与岩性的关联机制。结果显示：1）时间维度上，广西年NEP均值呈先降后升阶段性特征，1981－1991年波动下降，1991－2020年波动上升（2000年后增速显著），40年间均值范围211.35－279.56 g·m⁻²·a⁻¹（以C计）；2）空间格局上，碳源区集中于中部及南部部分地区，碳汇区分布于北部及西部（东南部碳汇强度高于西北部）；2000－2020年，60.08%区域NEP显著增加（西北部为核心增长区），东部、东北部及西南部分地区NEP下降，碳汇功能退化；3）岩性差异显著影响NEP分异，岩溶区NEP均值（154.04－226.23 g·m⁻²·a⁻¹）低于非岩溶区（253.40－313.33 g·m⁻²·a⁻¹），但NEP增长速率更快；石灰岩区因石漠化治理与树种优化，2011年后反超白云岩区。研究揭示了岩性对NEP时空格局的关键调控作用，明确了不同岩性背景下生态恢复措施对碳汇提升的成效，可为岩溶地区制定差异化生态管理策略、增强区域碳汇功能提供科学支撑。

关键词: 广西岩溶区, 植被净生态系统生产力, 时空演变, 岩性分异, 趋势分析

Abstract:

Net Ecosystem Productivity (NEP) serves as a key indicator for assessing carbon source/sink dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems, and understanding the evolution of its spatiotemporal heterogeneity and driving mechanisms is highly significant for regional carbon neutrality. Although lithology, as a fundamental unit of surface material composition, profoundly influences NEP, current research predominantly focuses on climate-vegetation interactions, while the spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics of lithologically-driven effects have received insufficient attention. Leveraging China’s gridded NEP data (1981-2020) and lithological zoning maps, this study systematically elucidates the spatiotemporal evolution of NEP in Guangxi and its association with lithology using Theil-Sen trend analysis and Mann-Kendall tests. The results showed that: 1) Temporally, annual mean NEP exhibited a “decline-then-rise” trend. Fluctuating decreases were observed from 1981 to 1991, followed by a significant accelerated increase post-2000 (1991-2020). Over the 40 years, NEP values ranged between 211.35 and 279.56 g·m⁻²·a⁻¹. 2) Spatially, carbon source areas were concentrated in central and southern Guangxi, while carbon sinks dominated northern and western regions (with stronger sequestration intensity in the southeast). From 2000 to 2020, NEP significantly increased in 60.08% of the regions (the northwest was the core growth area), while NEP decreased in some areas in the eastern, northeastern and southwestern regions, and the carbon sink function deteriorated. 3) Lithologic disparities significantly influenced NEP differentiation. Karst areas exhibited lower mean NEP values (154.04-226.23 g·m⁻²·a⁻¹) compared to non-karst regions (253.40-313.33 g·m⁻²·a⁻¹), yet demonstrated a faster recovery rate. Due to rocky desertification control and tree species optimization, limestone areas surpassed dolomite zones in NEP after 2011. This study elucidates the critical regulatory role of lithology in shaping the spatiotemporal patterns of NEP, and demonstrates the effectiveness of ecological restoration measures in enhancing carbon sequestration across different lithological settings. These findings provide scientific support for developing tailored ecological strategies to strengthen regional carbon sink capacity in karst regions.

Key words: Guangxi karst areas, net ecosystem productivity, spatiotemporal evolution, lithological differentiation, trend analysis

中图分类号:

Q948
X173

张涛, 杨慧, 曹建华, 周孟霞, 康志强. 基于岩性分区的广西植被净生态系统生产力时空演变特征研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2026, 35(5): 702-713.

ZHANG Tao, YANG Hui, CAO Jianhua, ZHOU Mengxia, KANG Zhiqiang. Study on the Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics of Vegetation Net Ecosystem Productivity in Guangxi Based on Lithological Zoning[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2026, 35(5): 702-713.

图/表 12

图1 广西数字高程模型（DEM）与岩性分布

Figure 1 Digital elevation model (DEM) and geological setting of Guangxi

表1 Mann-Kendall检验趋势类别

Table 1 Trend categories classified by Mann-Kendall test

β	Z值	趋势类别	趋势特征
β>0	2.58<Z	4	极显著增加
	1.96<Z≤2.58	3	显著增加
	1.65<Z≤1.96	2	微显著增加
	Z≤1.65	1	不显著增加
β=0	Z	0	无变化
β<0	Z≤1.65	−1	不显著减少
	1.65<Z≤1.96	−2	微显著减少
	1.96<Z≤2.58	−3	显著减少
	2.58<Z	−4	极显著减少

图2 1981－2020年广西年NEP均值时序变化

Figure 2 Interannual variation in mean NEP across Guangxi from 1981 to 2020

图3 2000－2020年广西NEP均值分布

Figure 3 Spatial distribution of mean NEP in Guangxi from 2000 to 2020

图4 2000年－2020年广西NEP变化趋势显著性分布

Figure 4 Significance distribution of NEP trends in Guangxi from 2000 to 2020

表2 2000年－2020年广西NEP变化趋势显著性比例

Table 2 Proportional distribution of significant NEP trends in Guangxi from 2000 to 2020

β	Z值	趋势特征	占比/%	变化趋势
β>0	2.58<Z	极显著增加	36.18%	增加（60.08%）
	1.96<Z≤2.58	显著增加	7.91%
	1.65<Z≤1.96	微显著增加	3.12%
	Z≤1.65	不显著增加	12.88%
β=0	Z	无变化	22.97%	不变（22.97%）
β<0	Z≤1.65	不显著减少	8.69%	减小（16.95%）
	1.65<Z≤1.96	微显著减少	1.27%
	1.96<Z≤2.58	显著减少	2.47%
	2.58<Z	极显著减少	4.53%

图5 2000－2020年广西岩溶区与非岩溶区NEP变化趋势及其显著性

Figure 5 The changing trend and significance of NEP in the karst area and the non-karst area of Guangxi from 2000 to 2020

图6 2000－2020年广西石灰岩区、白云岩区及白云岩石灰岩共存区的NEP变化趋势及其显著性

Figure 6 The changing trends and significance of NEP in the limestone area, dolomite area, and the coexistence area of limestone and dolomite in Guangxi from 2000 to 2020

图7 2000－2020年广西不同岩性区域变化趋势占比

Figure 7 Relative contributions of different trend categories across lithological zones in Guangxi from 2000 to 2020

图8 2000－2020年广西不同岩性区域年NEP均值变化

Figure 8 Temporal changes in annual mean NEP across lithological zones in Guangxi from 2000 to 2020

图9 1981－2020年广西、岩溶区、非岩溶区、石灰岩区、白云岩区及白云岩石灰岩共存区年均碳源碳汇占比变化

Figure 9 The changes in the average annual carbon source and carbon sink proportions in Guangxi, karst area, non-karst area, limestone area, dolomite area, and dolomite-limestone coexisting area from 1981 to 2020

图10 广西NEP无变化区域与NEP均值分布对应

Figure 10 Correlation between stable NEP zones and mean NEP distribution in Guangxi

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基于岩性分区的广西植被净生态系统生产力时空演变特征研究

Study on the Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics of Vegetation Net Ecosystem Productivity in Guangxi Based on Lithological Zoning

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