生态安全格局构建：概念、框架与展望

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.04.023

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 845-856.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.04.023

• 综述 • 上一篇

生态安全格局构建：概念、框架与展望

易浪¹^,²(), 孙颖¹^,^*(), 尹少华³, 魏晓²

1.中南林业科技大学生命科学与技术学院,湖南长沙 410004
2.湖南财政经济学院/湖南省经济地理研究所,湖南长沙 410205
3.中南林业科技大学商学院,湖南长沙 410004

收稿日期:2021-09-15 出版日期:2022-04-18 发布日期:2022-06-22
通讯作者: *孙颖（1985年生）,女,博士后,研究方向为区域生态一体化、生态经济管理。E-mail: sunying@csuft.edu.cn
作者简介:易浪（1989年生）,男,博士研究生,研究方向为土地利用与景观生态、生态经济管理。E-mail: yilang0107@163.com
基金资助:
2021年湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(21B0258);2019国家社科基金项目(19BJY045)

Construction of Ecological Security Pattern: Concept, Framework and Prospect

YI Lang¹^,²(), SUN Ying¹^,^*(), YIN ShaoHua³, WEI Xiao²

1. College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China
2. Hunan Institute of Economic Geography/Hunan University of Finance and Economic, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
3. School of Business, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China

Received:2021-09-15 Online:2022-04-18 Published:2022-06-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态安全格局是保障区域生态安全的基础,是人类维护绿色、健康与可持续发展的重要手段。在全球生态问题日益凸显的背景下,生态安全格局业已成为生态系统研究的热点领域。加强生态安全格局研究对维护生态系统结构与功能完整、保护生物多样性、保障区域生态安全和提升人类福祉具有重要意义。该文从“概念辨析、基础框架、研究进展与展望”等方面入手,全面系统梳理了国内外生态安全格局的相关研究成果,并从“研究方法、研究尺度、研究内容”等方面进行归纳总结,得出以下结论：（1）“源地识别—阻力面构建—廊道提取”的基本研究框架有待发展;（2）生态源地识别缺乏统一的科学标准,对生态系统服务供需关系的考虑未能兼顾;（3）生态廊道提取方法有待进一步优化;（4）地理空间联动性和生态系统功能的相互性考虑欠缺;（5）自然生态系统与社会经济系统间耦合关系研究较为薄弱。未来研究趋势可关注以下方面：（1）多模型、多方法、多技术的集成研究;（2）动态考量生态安全标准的量化研究;（3）各方利益博弈的现实执行研究;（4）生态安全预测、预警与调控管理的强化研究;（5）服务国家战略的生态安全格局构建研究。

关键词: 生态安全, 生态安全格局, 源地-廊道, 格局优化, 模型集成, 生态功能区, 生态环境治理

Abstract:

The ecological security pattern is the basis for ensuring regional ecological security and an important means for human beings to maintain green, healthy, and sustainable development. Under the background of increasingly prominent global ecological problems, the ecological security pattern has become a hot area of ecosystem research. Strengthening the study of ecological security pattern is of great significance for maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem structure and function, protecting biodiversity, ensuring regional ecological security, and improving human well-being. Based on “conceptual analyses, fundamental framework, research progress and prospects”, this article comprehensively and systematically reviewed research results on ecological security patterns at home and abroad. The following conclusions were drawn after summarizing the research methods, scales, and contents in the literature: (1) The basic research framework of "source identification-resistance surface construction-corridor extraction" needs to be developed; (2) the identification of ecological source areas lacks a unified scientific standard, and the relationship between supply and demand of ecosystem services has not been considered; (3) the extraction method of ecological corridor needs to be further optimized; (4) there is a lack of consideration of the interrelationship between geospatial linkage and ecosystem functions; (5) The research on the coupling relationship between natural ecosystems and socio-economic systems is relatively weak. Future research may focus on the following aspects: (1) integrated research of multi-model, multi-method, and multi-technology; (2) quantitative research on dynamic consideration of ecological safety standards; (3) realistic implementation research of the game of interests of all parties; (4) research on ecological security prediction, early warning, and regulation management; (5) research on the construction of ecological security patterns serving national strategies.

Key words: ecological security, ecological security pattern, source-corridor, pattern optimization, model integration, ecological function area, ecological and environmental governance

中图分类号:

Q148
X171.4

易浪, 孙颖, 尹少华, 魏晓. 生态安全格局构建：概念、框架与展望[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(4): 845-856.

YI Lang, SUN Ying, YIN ShaoHua, WEI Xiao. Construction of Ecological Security Pattern: Concept, Framework and Prospect[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(4): 845-856.

图/表 5

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理论名称 Theoretical name	理论内涵 Theoretical connotation	关注点 Focus point	主要应用 Main application
景观生态学 Landscape ecology	由不同生态系统所组成的整体（即景观）的空间结构（Forman et al., 1995）	景观格局与生态过程的相互作用	景观格局、生态系统结构与过程
恢复生态学 Restoration ecology	恢复已退化的生态系统,提高和改善生态服务功能与健康状况（Costanza et al., 1997）	保护原生生态系统、修复受损生态系统、管理现有生态系统	生态系统结构和功能恢复
干扰生态学 Disturbance ecology	基于自然干扰与人为干扰尺度维持生态系统结构、功能、过程的完整（周道玮等, 1996）	干扰的类型、原因、频率、强度、分布、阈值和范围等	干扰与格局的相互作用
保护生物学 Conservation biology	保护和维持大自然与生物多样性（李晓文等, 1999）	区域尺度保护和恢复生物多样性	维持生态系统结构和功能的完整性,提高生态可持续性
生态经济学 Ecological Economics	研究人类社会经济行为与其所引起的资源环境嬗变间的关系,平衡社会、生态与经济之间的效益（尤飞等, 2003）	经济发展与环境保护之间的相互关系,通过经济措施解决生态问题	自然资源保护性利用,生态系统服务功能的价值评估
生态伦理学 Ecological ethics	从伦理原则与行为道德来规范、约束人类社会经济活动,规避不利于自然生态的社会导向与行为（刘振明, 2003）	研究人对待自然的态度问题,规避不利于自然生态的社会导向与行为	生态安全格局的可持续性

理论名称 Theoretical name	理论内涵 Theoretical connotation	关注点 Focus point	主要应用 Main application
景观生态学 Landscape ecology	由不同生态系统所组成的整体（即景观）的空间结构（Forman et al., 1995）	景观格局与生态过程的相互作用	景观格局、生态系统结构与过程
恢复生态学 Restoration ecology	恢复已退化的生态系统,提高和改善生态服务功能与健康状况（Costanza et al., 1997）	保护原生生态系统、修复受损生态系统、管理现有生态系统	生态系统结构和功能恢复
干扰生态学 Disturbance ecology	基于自然干扰与人为干扰尺度维持生态系统结构、功能、过程的完整（周道玮等, 1996）	干扰的类型、原因、频率、强度、分布、阈值和范围等	干扰与格局的相互作用
保护生物学 Conservation biology	保护和维持大自然与生物多样性（李晓文等, 1999）	区域尺度保护和恢复生物多样性	维持生态系统结构和功能的完整性,提高生态可持续性
生态经济学 Ecological Economics	研究人类社会经济行为与其所引起的资源环境嬗变间的关系,平衡社会、生态与经济之间的效益（尤飞等, 2003）	经济发展与环境保护之间的相互关系,通过经济措施解决生态问题	自然资源保护性利用,生态系统服务功能的价值评估
生态伦理学 Ecological ethics	从伦理原则与行为道德来规范、约束人类社会经济活动,规避不利于自然生态的社会导向与行为（刘振明, 2003）	研究人对待自然的态度问题,规避不利于自然生态的社会导向与行为	生态安全格局的可持续性

模型 Model	优点 Advantage	缺点 Shortcoming
最小累积阻力模型 Minimal cumulative resistance model	数据需求少,最优生态廊道提取快捷, 兼容性良好且适用性较好	无法指示廊道宽度,生态过程机理研究不足, 欠缺考虑多路径扩散可能性
电路模型 Circuit model	有效表达物种多路径扩展可能性, 能有效识别生态节点和障碍点	生态过程的机理研究不足, 生态廊道宽度最大阈值难以界定
斑块重力模型 Plaque gravity model	模型易懂,数据收集简单, 成图质量高	无法识别廊道和指示廊道宽度, 生态过程机理研究不足
蚁群模型 Ant colony model	生态源地选址处理高效, 考虑物种多路径扩展可能性	无法识别廊道和指示廊道宽度, 关键阈值设定严格

模型 Model	优点 Advantage	缺点 Shortcoming
最小累积阻力模型 Minimal cumulative resistance model	数据需求少,最优生态廊道提取快捷, 兼容性良好且适用性较好	无法指示廊道宽度,生态过程机理研究不足, 欠缺考虑多路径扩散可能性
电路模型 Circuit model	有效表达物种多路径扩展可能性, 能有效识别生态节点和障碍点	生态过程的机理研究不足, 生态廊道宽度最大阈值难以界定
斑块重力模型 Plaque gravity model	模型易懂,数据收集简单, 成图质量高	无法识别廊道和指示廊道宽度, 生态过程机理研究不足
蚁群模型 Ant colony model	生态源地选址处理高效, 考虑物种多路径扩展可能性	无法识别廊道和指示廊道宽度, 关键阈值设定严格

生态安全格局构建：概念、框架与展望

Construction of Ecological Security Pattern: Concept, Framework and Prospect

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