1990—2018年海南岛湿地景观生态安全格局演变

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2020.02.010

生态环境学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (2): 293-302.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2020.02.010

1990—2018年海南岛湿地景观生态安全格局演变

雷金睿(), 陈宗铸^*(), 陈毅青, 陈小花, 李苑菱, 吴庭天

海南省林业科学研究院/海南省红树林研究院,海南海口 571100

收稿日期:2019-11-15 出版日期:2020-02-18 发布日期:2020-04-01
通讯作者: * 陈宗铸（1977年生）,男,副研究员,博士,研究方向为林业3S技术。E-mail: chenzongzhu@foxmail.com
作者简介:雷金睿（1988年生）,男,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为湿地植物与景观演变。E-mail: raykingre@163.com
基金资助:
海南省财政科技计划项目(KYYS-2019-12);海南省财政科技计划项目(KYYS-2018-32)

Dynamic Analysis of Wetland Landscape Ecological Security Pattern of Hainan Island in 1990‒2018

LEI Jinrui(), CHEN Zongzhu^*(), CHEN Yiqing, CHEN Xiaohua, LI Yuanling, WU Tingtian

Hainan Academy of Forestry/Hainan Academy of Mangrove, Haikou 571100, China

Received:2019-11-15 Online:2020-02-18 Published:2020-04-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海南岛是中国重要的生态功能区,在国家战略背景下,湿地景观呈现多样化的利用方式。科学评估海南岛湿地景观生态安全格局,对湿地资源进行有效保护是实现可持续发展的重要保障。以海南岛为研究区,基于PSR模型构建海南岛湿地景观生态安全评价体系,采用层次分析法确定指标权重,利用1990、2000、2010、2018年4期Landsat遥感影像的湿地解译数据,以及人口、经济等指标为数据源,在遥感和GIS技术的支持下分析了1990—2018年海南岛湿地景观生态安全状况及其空间分布特征。结果表明,（1）1990—2018年间,海南岛湿地景观总面积呈增长趋势,总面积由1990年的944.36 km²增加到2018年的1337.57 km²。其中,人工湿地呈明显增长趋势,自然湿地则呈减少趋势;各市县湿地面积增长最多的是文昌、东方、海口和儋州等。（2）海南岛湿地景观生态安全指数（LESI）在总体上呈下降趋势,安全等级由临界安全演变为较危险状态,且在2010—2018年间LESI变化较大;至2018年,总体上呈现出“海南岛北部和南部市县的LESI低,中部山区市县的LESI高”的空间分布格局。（3）采用自然断点法将1990—2018年海南岛湿地LESI变化幅度分为4个级别,LESI值降幅最大的为海口、三亚、文昌、澄迈4个经济发达市县;保亭、白沙、乐东和琼中4个中部市县的LESI值则略微提升。提出严格实施湿地资源规划分区分级管控和湿地生态修复工程,维护和强化湿地生态空间的连续性和完整性。

关键词: 海南岛, 湿地景观, 生态安全, PSR模型, 驱动因素, 湿地保护

Abstract:

Hainan Island was an important ecological function zone in China. In the context of national strategy, wetland landscape presents diversified utilization methods. Scientific assessment of the ecological security pattern of the wetland landscape in Hainan Island, and effective protection of wetland resources were important guarantees for achieving sustainable development. This paper takes Hainan Island as the research area, constructs Hainan Island wetland landscape ecological security evaluation system based on PSR model, uses AHP to determine index weight, and uses wetland interpretation data of Landsat remote sensing images in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018, and the indicators such as population and economy were data sources. With the support of remote sensing and GIS technology, the ecological security status and spatial distribution characteristics of Hainan Island wetland landscape from 1990 to 2018 were analyzed. The three major results are as follows: (1) From 1990 to 2018, the total area of wetland landscape in Hainan Island increased, and the total area increased from 944.36 km² in 1990 to 1337.57 km² in 2018. Among them, the artificial wetland showed a significant growth trend, while the natural wetland showed a decreasing trend, the largest increase in the wetland area of the city was Wenchang, Dongfang, Haikou and Danzhou. (2) The landscape ecological security index (LESI) of Hainan Island wetland was generally declining, the security level changes from critical security to a more dangerous state, and LESI changes greatly between 2010 and 2018. In 2018, there was an overall spatial pattern of “low LESI in the north and south cities of Hainan Island, and high LESI in the middle mountainous cities”. And (3) using natural breakpoint method, the variation range of LESI in Hainan Island wetland from 1990 to 2018 was divided into four levels. The largest decline in LESI value was Haikou, Sanya, Wenchang and Chengmai, four economically developed cities. The LESI values of the four middle cities of Baoting, Baisha, Ledong and Qiongzhong increased slightly. In order to maintain and strengthen the continuity and integrity of wetland ecological space, it was proposed to strictly implement the zoning and grading control of wetland resource planning and wetland ecological restoration project.

Key words: Hainan Island, wetland landscape, ecological security, pressure-state-response model, driving factors, wetland protection

中图分类号:

雷金睿, 陈宗铸, 陈毅青, 陈小花, 李苑菱, 吴庭天. 1990—2018年海南岛湿地景观生态安全格局演变[J]. 生态环境学报, 2020, 29(2): 293-302.

LEI Jinrui, CHEN Zongzhu, CHEN Yiqing, CHEN Xiaohua, LI Yuanling, WU Tingtian. Dynamic Analysis of Wetland Landscape Ecological Security Pattern of Hainan Island in 1990‒2018[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2020, 29(2): 293-302.

图/表 9

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目标层 Object layer	准则层 Criterion layer	指标层 Indicators layer	正向/负向Positive/negative	数据来源 Data sources	权重值 Weight value
景观生态安全 (A) Landscape ecological security (A)	景观状态 (B₁) Landscape state 0.5396	景观破碎度 Landscape fragment (C₁)	负向 Negative	遥感数据 Remote sensing data	0.1854
		景观多样性 Landscape diversity (C₂)	负向 Negative	遥感数据 Remote sensing data	0.0471
		景观连接度 Landscape connectivity (C₃)	正向 Positive	遥感数据 Remote sensing data	0.0837
		分维数 Landscape fractal dimension (C₄)	负向 Negative	遥感数据 Remote sensing data	0.0837
		自然与人工湿地面积比 Area ratio of natural wetland and constructed wetland (C₅)	正向 Positive	遥感数据 Remote sensing data	0.1396
	景观压力 (B₂) Landscape pressure 0.2970	城市化水平 Urbanization level (C₆)	负向 Negative	统计数据 Statistic data	0.0486
		人口密度 Population density (C₇)	负向 Negative	统计数据 Statistic data	0.0882
		人均GDP GDP per head (C₈)	负向 Negative	统计数据 Statistic data	0.1603
	景观响应 (B₃) Landscape response 0.1634	自然保护地面积占比 Area ratio of nature reserve (C₉)	正向 Positive	行业数据 Industry data	0.0817
	景观响应 (B₃) Landscape response 0.1634	湿地保护资金投入 Investment in wetland protection (C₁₀)	正向 Positive	行业数据 Industry data	0.0817

目标层 Object layer	准则层 Criterion layer	指标层 Indicators layer	正向/负向Positive/negative	数据来源 Data sources	权重值 Weight value
景观生态安全 (A) Landscape ecological security (A)	景观状态 (B₁) Landscape state 0.5396	景观破碎度 Landscape fragment (C₁)	负向 Negative	遥感数据 Remote sensing data	0.1854
		景观多样性 Landscape diversity (C₂)	负向 Negative	遥感数据 Remote sensing data	0.0471
		景观连接度 Landscape connectivity (C₃)	正向 Positive	遥感数据 Remote sensing data	0.0837
		分维数 Landscape fractal dimension (C₄)	负向 Negative	遥感数据 Remote sensing data	0.0837
		自然与人工湿地面积比 Area ratio of natural wetland and constructed wetland (C₅)	正向 Positive	遥感数据 Remote sensing data	0.1396
	景观压力 (B₂) Landscape pressure 0.2970	城市化水平 Urbanization level (C₆)	负向 Negative	统计数据 Statistic data	0.0486
		人口密度 Population density (C₇)	负向 Negative	统计数据 Statistic data	0.0882
		人均GDP GDP per head (C₈)	负向 Negative	统计数据 Statistic data	0.1603
	景观响应 (B₃) Landscape response 0.1634	自然保护地面积占比 Area ratio of nature reserve (C₉)	正向 Positive	行业数据 Industry data	0.0817
	景观响应 (B₃) Landscape response 0.1634	湿地保护资金投入 Investment in wetland protection (C₁₀)	正向 Positive	行业数据 Industry data	0.0817

安全等级 Security level	景观生态安全指数LESI Landscape ecological security index	安全状态 Security state
I	[0, 0.4)	危险 (差) Dangerous
II	[0.4, 0.5)	较危险 (较差) More dangerous
III	[0.5, 0.6)	临界安全 (一般) Critical safety
IV	[0.6, 0.7)	较安全 (良好) Safer
V	[0.7, 1.0]	安全 (好) Safe

安全等级 Security level	景观生态安全指数LESI Landscape ecological security index	安全状态 Security state
I	[0, 0.4)	危险 (差) Dangerous
II	[0.4, 0.5)	较危险 (较差) More dangerous
III	[0.5, 0.6)	临界安全 (一般) Critical safety
IV	[0.6, 0.7)	较安全 (良好) Safer
V	[0.7, 1.0]	安全 (好) Safe

类型 Type	人工湿地 Constructed wetland/km²				自然湿地 Natural wetland/km²				湿地总面积 Total area of wetlands/km²
年份 Year	1990	2000	2010	2018	1990	2000	2010	2018	1990	2000	2010	2018
白沙 Baisha	19.81	16.40	24.22	25.37	5.31	5.87	5.35	6.05	25.13	22.27	29.56	31.42
保亭 Baoting	3.48	5.38	6.73	8.99	1.79	1.99	1.94	2.54	5.26	7.37	8.67	11.54
昌江 Changjiang	13.15	12.50	17.16	20.47	17.46	13.37	17.86	15.43	30.62	25.87	35.02	35.89
澄迈 Chengmai	14.73	19.67	19.51	21.44	31.41	30.93	35.96	30.03	46.14	50.60	55.48	51.47
儋州 Danzhou	109.65	104.18	142.03	144.90	68.78	67.74	57.50	62.51	178.43	171.93	199.53	207.41
定安 Dingan	14.96	20.08	13.41	18.60	7.70	8.26	8.24	6.58	22.66	28.34	21.65	25.18
东方 Dongfang	26.43	102.23	94.96	114.16	33.25	17.30	22.41	18.16	59.68	119.53	117.36	132.33
海口 Haikou	33.06	47.46	59.98	64.86	87.03	92.10	89.54	84.81	120.09	139.56	149.53	149.67
乐东 Ledong	62.23	67.38	68.62	72.92	24.40	14.88	16.58	28.08	86.62	82.26	85.20	101.00
临高 Lingao	16.01	16.76	15.08	15.94	13.61	12.72	9.06	9.63	29.62	29.48	24.15	25.57
陵水 Lingshui	11.56	15.93	18.77	22.28	36.67	36.31	35.22	37.25	48.23	52.24	54.00	59.53
琼海 Qionghai	20.30	33.37	28.41	43.26	21.17	27.55	22.35	24.89	41.47	60.93	50.75	68.15
琼中 Qiongzhong	4.01	9.91	4.63	21.87	7.81	7.16	6.23	6.86	11.81	17.08	10.86	28.73
三亚 Sanya	14.75	28.10	39.39	47.16	34.44	25.11	18.78	24.88	49.19	53.20	58.18	72.04
屯昌 Tunchang	8.21	11.16	9.47	13.06	1.76	2.21	1.13	2.33	9.97	13.37	10.60	15.39
万宁 Wanning	30.36	42.78	42.77	60.70	57.94	58.04	61.81	53.31	88.30	100.81	104.57	114.02
文昌 Wenchang	20.76	76.15	123.89	154.75	64.29	57.65	45.57	43.56	85.05	133.80	169.46	198.31
五指山 Wuzhishan	0.42	2.39	1.78	2.52	5.67	5.64	5.16	7.41	6.09	8.04	6.93	9.93
总面积 Total area	423.87	631.83	730.90	873.26	520.49	484.84	460.70	464.31	944.36	1116.67	1191.60	1337.57

1990—2018年海南岛湿地景观生态安全格局演变

Dynamic Analysis of Wetland Landscape Ecological Security Pattern of Hainan Island in 1990‒2018

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年份 Year	1990	2000	2010	2018
景观状态 Landscape state	0.5051	0.4669	0.4814	0.4928
景观压力 Landscape pressure	0.9362	0.8818	0.7475	0.5389
景观响应 Landscape response	0.1661	0.2447	0.3538	0.3806
LESI	0.5777	0.5538	0.5396	0.4882
安全状态 Security state	临界安全 Critical safety	临界安全 Critical safety	临界安全 Critical safety	较危险 More dangerous

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