砷胁迫对狭叶香蒲生理生态及砷亚细胞分布的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.05.017

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 1042-1050.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.05.017

砷胁迫对狭叶香蒲生理生态及砷亚细胞分布的影响

张晋龙¹(), 黄颖¹, 吴丽芳¹, 龚云辉¹, 刘云根¹^,²^,^*(), 王妍¹^,², 杨思林¹

1.西南林业大学生态与环境学院,云南昆明 650224
2.云南省山地农村生态环境演变与污染治理重点实验室,云南昆明 650224

收稿日期:2020-10-09 出版日期:2021-05-18 发布日期:2021-08-06
通讯作者: * 刘云根（1978年生）,男,教授,博士,主要从事湿地生态和环境研究。E-mail:henryliu1008@163.com
作者简介:张晋龙（1994年生）,男,硕士研究生,主要从事湿地生态环境研究。E-mail:844014723@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41761098);国家自然科学基金项目(21767027);云南省基础研究计划项目(2019FB070);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2019Y0130);西南林业大学创新创业项目(2018Y017)

As Subcellular Distribution and Physiological Response of Typha angustifolia L. to As Exposure

ZHANG Jinlong¹(), HUANG Ying¹, WU Lifang¹, GONG Yunhui¹, LIU Yungen¹^,²^,^*(), WANG Yan¹^,², YANG Silin¹

1. School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
2. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Mountainous Rural Areas, Kunming 650224, China

Received:2020-10-09 Online:2021-05-18 Published:2021-08-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究狭叶香蒲（Typha angustifolia L.）对砷（As）的耐受性和解毒机制,采用室内水培模拟实验,分析在不同As质量浓度（0、0.5、2、5、10 mg∙L^-1）污染下,As在狭叶香蒲体内的富集、转运和亚细胞分布特征及对植物生长、生理生态特征的影响。结果表明,（1）狭叶香蒲株高、根长和生物量均随As胁迫浓度的增加呈先升高后下降的趋势,在5 mg∙L^-1 As处理时达到最大值。（2）狭叶香蒲吸收的As主要富集在根部,占总富集量的52.92%—93.47%,富集系数和转移系数与As胁迫浓度呈负相关关系。As在根和叶的可溶性组分（F4）和细胞壁（F1）中的分布比例最高,在叶和根中F1、F4分配比例之和分别为64.48%—80.99%和82.21%—92.96%,但累积量分布极不均匀,主要分布在根的可溶性组分中,占植株总累积量的21.21%—67.17%,其次是根的细胞壁中,占19.74%—39.26%。（3）随着As胁迫浓度的增加,叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性以及叶绿素含量和净光合速率均呈先上升后下降的趋势,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值则相反,As胁迫下丙二醛（MDA）含量为27.91—72.93 nmol∙g^-1,为对照组的1.36—3.56倍。综合分析可知,狭叶香蒲通过减少As向地上部分的转移和细胞壁的固持、可溶性组分的钝化以及调节抗氧化酶活性等,降低As对狭叶香蒲的毒性,从而维持自身正常的生理状态。

关键词: 狭叶香蒲, 砷, 亚细胞分布, 叶绿素, 抗氧化酶

Abstract:

To explore the tolerance and detoxification mechanism of Typha Angustifolia L. to arsenic (As), hydroponic simulation experiments were conducted to analyze the accumulation, transport and subcellular distribution characteristics of As in Typha under As (0, 0.5, 2, 5 and 10 mg∙L^-1) treatments, In addition, the effects of As on plant growth and physiological and ecological characteristics were also investigated. Our results showed that: (1) The plant height, root length and biomass of Typha increased first and then decreased with the increase of As stress concentration, and reached the maximum when treated with 5 mg∙L^-1 As. (2) As was mainly accumulated in in Typha roots, accounting for 52.92%-93.47%. The enrichment coefficient and transfer coefficient were negatively correlated with As stress concentration. The distribution proportion of As in the soluble component (F4) and cell wall (F1) in roots and leaves was the highest, with the sum of the distribution ratios of F1 and F4 in leaves and roots is 64.48%-80.99% and 82.21%-92.96%, respectively. The accumulation is very unevenly distributed, with 21.21%-67.17% in the soluble components of the root, followed by the cell wall of the root (19.74%-39.26%). And (3) with the increase of As levels, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of leaves were firstly increased and then decreased, while the ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b was on the contrary. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was 27.91-72.93 nmol∙g^-1 under As stress, which was 1.36-3.56 times higher than control group. Comprehensive analysis showed that Typha could reduce the toxicity of As to Typha via reducing the transfer of As to the aboveground part and cell wall fixation, inactivation of soluble components and regulation of antioxidant enzyme activity, and to maintain its normal physiological state.

Key words: typha, arsenic, subcellular distribution, chlorophyll, antioxidant enzymes

中图分类号:

X171.5

张晋龙, 黄颖, 吴丽芳, 龚云辉, 刘云根, 王妍, 杨思林. 砷胁迫对狭叶香蒲生理生态及砷亚细胞分布的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(5): 1042-1050.

ZHANG Jinlong, HUANG Ying, WU Lifang, GONG Yunhui, LIU Yungen, WANG Yan, YANG Silin. As Subcellular Distribution and Physiological Response of Typha angustifolia L. to As Exposure[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(5): 1042-1050.

图/表 8

表1 狭叶香蒲生长特征对As胁迫的响应

Table 1 Response of Typha growth characteristics to As stress

ρ(As)/ (mg∙L^-1)	Plant height/ cm	root length/ cm	Leaf fresh weight plant/cm	Root fresh weight plant/cm
0	99.33±2.49b	9.33±0.94c	21.05±2.93bc	11.47±1.69b
0.5	102.00±3.00b	11.17±0.62ab	20.00±1.40c	16.79±1.32a
2	113.33±5.73a	12.17±0.85a	25.63±2.10ab	16.34±1.85a
5	100.50±2.50b	12.50±0.50a	27.17±2.18a	18.14±0.99a
10	97.00±1.63b	10.75±0.25bc	22.01±2.59bc	12.56±1.38b

图1 不同As浓度下狭叶香蒲光合色素含量

Fig. 1 Photosynthetic pigment content of Typha at different As concentrations

图2 不同As浓度下狭叶香蒲光合参数的变化特征

Fig. 2 Changes of photosynthetic parameters of Typha at different As concentrations

表2 狭叶香蒲根和叶中As的亚细胞分布

Table 2 Subcellular distribution of As in roots and leaves of Typha

Part	ρ(As)/ (mg∙L^-1)	ω(As)/(mg∙kg^-1)				Recovery rate/%
Part	ρ(As)/ (mg∙L^-1)	F1	F2	F3	F4	Recovery rate/%
Leaf	0	0.13±0.01c	0.09±0.01b	0.09±0.02b	0.22±0.05e	90.62
	0.5	0.33±0.04bc	0.16±0.03b	0.24±0.03a	0.39±0.06d	95.65
	2	0.62±0.09ab	0.17±0.08ab	0.23±0.01a	0.82±0.01c	102.86
	5	0.88±0.09a	0.26±0.02a	0.27±0.04a	1.14±0.01b	95.99
	10	0.95±0.02a	0.27±0.01a	0.28±0.03a	1.39±0.14a	93.18
Root	0	0.77±0.10c	0.15±0.05c	0.13±0.02c	0.55±0.05c	109.86
	0.5	5.33±0.36b	1.62±0.13b	0.56±0.08b	4.73±0.35c	103.86
	2	5.58±0.81b	1.82±0.38b	0.47±0.10b	13.41±5.49b	96.68
	5	7.35±1.28b	1.95±0.48b	0.74±0.20b	19.59±2.99b	89.81
	10	15.31±1.74a	2.78±0.06a	2.32±0.21a	52.07±0.49a	93.01

图3 不同As浓度下狭叶香蒲叶片抗氧化酶活性及MDA含量的变化

Fig. 3 Changes of antioxidant enzyme activity and MDA content in leaves of Typha under different As concentrations

图4 As在狭叶香蒲体内的富集转移特征

Fig. 4 Enrichment and transfer characteristics of As in Typha

图5 As在狭叶香蒲根和叶亚细胞中的相对分布比例

Fig. 5 The relative distribution ratio of As in root and leaf subcell of Typha

图6 不同As浓度下各亚细胞组分的As富集量占植株总As量的百分比L：叶。R：根

Fig. 6 Percentage of As enrichment of each subcellular component in total As content of plants under different As concentrationsL: Leaf。R: Root

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砷胁迫对狭叶香蒲生理生态及砷亚细胞分布的影响

As Subcellular Distribution and Physiological Response of Typha angustifolia L. to As Exposure

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