内蒙古阴山北麓马铃薯应用PBAT/PLA全生物降解地膜可行性分析

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.10.017

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 2100-2108.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.10.017

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

内蒙古阴山北麓马铃薯应用PBAT/PLA全生物降解地膜可行性分析

武岩¹(), 靳拓², 王跃飞¹, 贺鹏程³, 罗军¹, 刘宏金¹^,^*(), 张雷¹^,^*(), 郭晓宇¹, 陈瑞英⁴

1.内蒙古农牧业生态与资源保护中心,内蒙古呼和浩特 010010
2.农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站,北京 100000
3.乌兰察布市农业技术推广站,内蒙古乌兰察布 012000
4.四子王旗农业技术推广站,内蒙古四子王旗 011800

收稿日期:2021-06-09 出版日期:2021-10-18 发布日期:2021-12-21
通讯作者: 张雷（1978年生）,男,高级农艺师,主要从事农业生态保护方面的研究。E-mail: 13847176858@126.com
* 刘宏金（1982年生）,男,高级农艺师,主要从事地膜污染防治方面的研究。E-mail: 114661646@qq.com;
作者简介:武岩（1991年生）,男,农艺师,硕士研究生,主要从事农业面源污染防治方面的研究。E-mail: 824079115@qq.com
基金资助:
农业农村部可降解地膜筛选对比试验项目(2160108)

Feasibility Analysis of PBAT/PLA Biodegradable Plastic Film for Potatoes in the Northern Foot of Yinshan Mountain in Inner Mongolia

WU Yan¹(), JIN Tuo², WANG Yuefei¹, HE Pengcheng³, LUO Jun¹, LIU Hongjin¹^,^*(), ZHANG Lei¹^,^*(), GUO Xiaoyu¹, CHEN Ruiying⁴

1. Inner Mongolia Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Ecology and Resource Protection Center, Hohhot 010010, China
2. Rural Energy and Environment Agency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100000, China
3. Ulanqab City Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Ulanqab 012000, China
4. Siziwang Banner Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Siziwang Banner 011800, China

Received:2021-06-09 Online:2021-10-18 Published:2021-12-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

内蒙古阴山北麓作为内蒙古的粮食主产区,普遍存在农田残膜污染的问题。应用全生物降解地膜是解决农田残膜污染的重要途径,研究聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯/聚乳酸（PBAT/PLA）全生物降解地膜增温保墒性能、降解性能及其产量经济效益对于解决农田残膜污染、保护生态环境、实现农业绿色高质量发展具有重要意义。本研究在马铃薯田开展了3种PBAT/PLA全生物降解地膜、1种普通PE地膜和裸地处理（分别标记为F1、F2、F3、CK和OF）的覆膜栽培试验和降解地膜填埋试验。结果表明,各覆膜处理5—6月土壤温度逐渐升高,7—8月中旬达到作物生育期峰值,随后降低至较低水平。与普通PE地膜相比,3种全生物降解地膜在马铃薯发芽、幼苗期（5—6月）平均土壤温度和土壤含水量未形成显著差异（P>0.05）,能够满足马铃薯生育前期的生长需求。F1和F2处理在作物覆膜后42—56 d进入诱导期,当季作物收获前均能进入破碎期,降解率为34.21%—42.74%,填埋365 d后基本降解完全;F3处理覆膜后68—84 d进入诱导期,作物收获前降解率为15.47%—28.04%,填埋365—540 d基本降解完全。3种全生物降解地膜作物产量和经济效益分别为49.64—58.53 t∙hm^-2和1.6×10⁴—2.4×10⁴ yuan∙hm^-2,未与普通PE地膜形成显著差异（P>0.05）。F1和F2处理作物产量和经济效益显著高于裸地（P<0.05）,其中作物产量分别提高36.85%和38.27%,经济效益分别增加1.43×10⁴ yuan∙hm^-2和1.5×10⁴ yuan∙hm^-2;与普通PE地膜相比,作物产量分别增加4.1%和5.18%。根据降解性能和作物产量综合评价,在内蒙古阴山北麓马铃薯种植条件下,F1和F2处理具有较好的降解性能,且在提高作物产量、保护耕地生态环境方面具有较好效果。

关键词: 内蒙古阴山北麓, 马铃薯, 全生物降解地膜, 降解率, 产量, 效益

Abstract:

As the governed grain producing area in Inner Mongolia, the north foot of Yinshan Mountain has faced the problem of farmland residual film pollution. Biodegradable plastic film is widely accepted to be an important approach to solve the farmland remnants of membrane fouling. It is significant to study biodegradable plastic film (PBAT/PLA) in increasing temperature and preserving soil moisture, degrading performance and its effects on crop yield and economic benefits for the farmland residual film pollution prevention, ecological environment and the green and high-quality development of agriculture. In this paper, three kinds of PBAT/PLA biodegradable plastic films, one kind of common polyethylene plastic (PE) mulch films, and bare land treatment (labeled as F1, F2, F3, CK, and OF) were carried out in potato experiment. The results showed that soil temperature gradually increased from May to June with a peak in the middle of July to August, and then decreased to a lower level. Compared with PE film, no significant difference was detected in average soil temperature and soil water content in potato germination and seedling stage (May to June) (P>0.05), which could meet the growth demand of potato in early growth stage. F1 and F2 treatments entered the induction stage 42-56 days after mulching, and all the crops in that season could enter the crushing stage before harvest, and the degradation rate was 34.2%-42.7%. After landfilled for 365 days, the degradation basically completed. From 68 to 84 days after mulching, F3 treatment entered the induction period, and the degradation rate of crops is 15.5%-28.0% before harvest, and the degradation is basically completed 365-540 days after landfilled. The yields and economic benefits of the three kinds of biodegradable film mulching crops were 49.6-58.5 t∙hm^-2 and 15600-24200 yuan∙hm^-2, respectively, and insignificant difference was found from those of PE films (P>0.05). The crop yield and economic benefit of F1 and F2 treatments were significantly higher than those of bare land (P<0.05), in which the crop yield was increased by 36.9% and 38.3%, and the economic benefit increased by 14300 and 15000 yuan∙hm^-2, respectively. Compared with PE films, crop yield increased by 4.1% and 5.2%, respectively. According to the comprehensive evaluation of degradation performance and crop yield, F1 and F2 treatments had better degradation performance, improved crop yield and protected cultivated land ecological environment in the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain in Inner Mongolia.

Key words: north foot of Yinshan Mountain in Inner Mongolia, potato, biodegradable plastic film, degradation rate, yield, benefit

中图分类号:

武岩, 靳拓, 王跃飞, 贺鹏程, 罗军, 刘宏金, 张雷, 郭晓宇, 陈瑞英. 内蒙古阴山北麓马铃薯应用PBAT/PLA全生物降解地膜可行性分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(10): 2100-2108.

WU Yan, JIN Tuo, WANG Yuefei, HE Pengcheng, LUO Jun, LIU Hongjin, ZHANG Lei, GUO Xiaoyu, CHEN Ruiying. Feasibility Analysis of PBAT/PLA Biodegradable Plastic Film for Potatoes in the Northern Foot of Yinshan Mountain in Inner Mongolia[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(10): 2100-2108.

图/表 9

参考文献 29

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地膜种类 Types of mulching film	原料 Raw material	宽度 Width/ cm	厚度 Thickness/μm	颜色 Colour
上海弘睿全生物降解地膜 Shanghai hongrui biodegradable plastic film	PBAT/ PLA	80	9.8	黑色Black
巴斯夫全生物降解地膜 BASF biodegradable plastic film	PBAT/ PLA	80	9.7	黑色Black
兰州鑫银环全生物降解地膜 Lanzhou xinyinhuan biodegradable plastic film	PBAT/ PLA	80	9.6	黑色Black
普通PE地膜 Common polyethylene plastic (PE) mulch film	PE	80	9.8	黑色Black

地膜种类 Types of mulching film	原料 Raw material	宽度 Width/ cm	厚度 Thickness/μm	颜色 Colour
上海弘睿全生物降解地膜 Shanghai hongrui biodegradable plastic film	PBAT/ PLA	80	9.8	黑色Black
巴斯夫全生物降解地膜 BASF biodegradable plastic film	PBAT/ PLA	80	9.7	黑色Black
兰州鑫银环全生物降解地膜 Lanzhou xinyinhuan biodegradable plastic film	PBAT/ PLA	80	9.6	黑色Black
普通PE地膜 Common polyethylene plastic (PE) mulch film	PE	80	9.8	黑色Black

降解阶段Degradation stage	分级标准 Grading standards
诱导期 Induction period	覆膜到垄（畦）面地膜出现多处（每延长1 m 3处以上）≤2 cm自然裂缝或孔洞 There are many natural cracks or holes (more than 3 per extended meter) ≤2 cm from film mulching to ridge (border) surface
开裂期 Cracking period	垄（畦）面地膜出现≥2 cm、≤20 cm自然裂缝或孔洞 Natural cracks or holes ≥2 cm and ≤20 cm appear in the film on the ridge (border) surface
大裂期 Rift stage	垄（畦）面地膜出现≥20 cm自然裂缝 There are ≥20 cm natural cracks in the film on the ridge (border) surface
破碎期Fragmentation period	膜柔韧性尽失,垄（畦）面地膜出现碎裂,最大地膜残片面积≤16 cm² The film flexibility is completely lost, the film on the ridge (border) surface is broken, and the maximum film fragment area is≤16 cm²
无膜期 No membrane period	垄（畦）面地膜基本见不到地膜残片 There are basically no film fragments on the ridge (border) surface

降解阶段Degradation stage	分级标准 Grading standards
诱导期 Induction period	覆膜到垄（畦）面地膜出现多处（每延长1 m 3处以上）≤2 cm自然裂缝或孔洞 There are many natural cracks or holes (more than 3 per extended meter) ≤2 cm from film mulching to ridge (border) surface
开裂期 Cracking period	垄（畦）面地膜出现≥2 cm、≤20 cm自然裂缝或孔洞 Natural cracks or holes ≥2 cm and ≤20 cm appear in the film on the ridge (border) surface
大裂期 Rift stage	垄（畦）面地膜出现≥20 cm自然裂缝 There are ≥20 cm natural cracks in the film on the ridge (border) surface
破碎期Fragmentation period	膜柔韧性尽失,垄（畦）面地膜出现碎裂,最大地膜残片面积≤16 cm² The film flexibility is completely lost, the film on the ridge (border) surface is broken, and the maximum film fragment area is≤16 cm²
无膜期 No membrane period	垄（畦）面地膜基本见不到地膜残片 There are basically no film fragments on the ridge (border) surface

处理 Treatments	2019年不同生育期平均土壤温度 Average soil temperature in different growth periods in 2019/℃			2020年不同生育期平均土壤温度 Average soil temperature in different growth periods in 2020/℃
处理 Treatments	GS	TE	SD	GS	TE	SD
F1	18.86±0.42bc	19.06±0.37a	14.77±0.30a	19.15±0.60a	20.68±0.32b	15.98±0.11a
F2	19.62±0.42a	19.71±1.87a	14.90±0.74a	19.48±0.26a	20.41±0.15b	15.83±0.45a
F3	18.85±0.31bc	19.06±0.20a	15.21±0.31a	19.18±0.40a	20.90±0.32ab	16.11±0.11a
CK	19.40±0.26ab	19.57±1.74a	14.94±0.50a	19.44±0.42a	20.98±0.36a	16.04±0.30a
OF	17.50±0.23d	19.86±0.85a	14.94±0.40a	17.79±0.05b	21.43±0.45a	15.82±0.25a

内蒙古阴山北麓马铃薯应用PBAT/PLA全生物降解地膜可行性分析

Feasibility Analysis of PBAT/PLA Biodegradable Plastic Film for Potatoes in the Northern Foot of Yinshan Mountain in Inner Mongolia

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年份Years	处理Treatments	降解率 Degradation rate/%
		作物覆膜栽培区 Crop film mulching cultivation area			降解地膜填埋区 Degradable plastic film landfill
		覆膜后60 d	覆膜后90 d	覆膜后120 d	填埋后180 d	填埋后365 d	填埋后540 d
		60 days after coating	90 days after coating	120 days after coating	180 days after landfill	365 days after landfill	540 days after landfill
2019	F1	16.96±2.96a	31.68±4.98a	34.21±1.8a	80.12±4.22a	97.53±2.52a	97.68±0.82a
	F2	19.66±4.43a	36.51±7.23a	40.14±7.47a	75.32±14.02a	96.88±2.94a	97.54±2.50a
	F3	8.78±2.23b	13.54±4.21b	15.47±3.19b	53.61±11.04b	85.43±9.37b	98.54±1.01a
	CK	0.74±0.17c	1.02±0.17c	1.54±1.01c	2.63±1.01c	3.73±2.30c	6.99±1.95b
2020	F1	22.29±5.18a	30.54±7.4a	42.74±5.92a	85.06±5.82a	97.44±1.81a	-
	F2	20.78±5.78a	26.84±7.1a	34.64±4.64a	87.10±6.63a	98.03±1.51a	-
	F3	11.46±3.53b	22.34±6.3a	28.04±3.45c	70.39±8.66b	96.60±1.84a	-
	CK	0.96±0.59c	1.11±0.5b	1.3±0.63d	2.30±0.57c	3.47±1.11b	-

处理Treatments	投入 Input/(10⁴ yuan∙hm^-2)				产出 Output		纯利润 Net profit/ (10⁴ yuan∙hm^-2)
处理Treatments	农资投入 Agricultural input	租地人工Rented labor	地膜回收 Plastic film recycling	合计 Total	产量 Yield/(t∙hm^-2)	产值 Output value/(10⁴ yuan∙hm^-2)	纯利润 Net profit/ (10⁴ yuan∙hm^-2)
F1	2.24	1.2	0	3.44	57.93±6.65a	5.79	2.35±0.67ab
F2	2.235	1.2	0	3.435	58.53±4.27a	5.85	2.42±0.43a
F3	2.205	1.2	0	3.405	49.64±2.79bc	4.96	1.56±0.28bc
CK	2.09	1.2	0.045	3.335	55.65±3.46ab	5.56	2.23±0.35ab
OF	2.01	1.3	0	3.31	42.33±3.08c	4.23	0.92±0.31c

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