覆膜垄作对旱地雨养马铃薯田N2O排放的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.01.007

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 62-71.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.01.007

覆膜垄作对旱地雨养马铃薯田N₂O排放的影响

苗敬杰¹(), 张开², 孟钰博¹, 王乃加¹, 李海楠³, 郭康军⁴, 张君⁵, 高西宁¹, 王立为¹^,^*()

1.沈阳农业大学农学院，辽宁沈阳 110866
2.朝阳市气象局，辽宁朝阳 122099
3.辽阳市气象局，辽宁辽阳 111010
4.河南省气象科学研究所，河南郑州 450003
5.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院资源环境与可持续发展研究所，内蒙古呼和浩特 010031

收稿日期:2023-09-18 出版日期:2024-01-18 发布日期:2024-03-19
通讯作者: *王立为。E-mail: wlw@syau.edu.cn
作者简介:苗敬杰（1998年生），男，硕士研究生，从事农业温室气体排放研究。E-mail: 1607996784@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32001409)

Effects of Plastic Film Mulching and Ridge Tillage on N₂O Emission from Rain-Fed Potato Fields in Dryland

MIAO Jingjie¹(), ZHANG Kai², MENG Yubo¹, WANG Naijia¹, LI Hainan³, GUO Kangjun⁴, ZHANG Jun⁵, GAO Xining¹, WANG Liwei¹^,^*()

1. College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P. R. China
2. Meteorological Bureau of Chaoyang, Chaoyang 122099, P. R. China
3. Meteorological Bureau of Liaoyang, Liaoyang 111010, P. R. China
4. Henan Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Zhengzhou 450003, P. R. China
5. Institute of Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, P. R. China

Received:2023-09-18 Online:2024-01-18 Published:2024-03-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旱地雨养马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum）田是一个重要的氧化亚氮（N₂O）排放源，是当前农业温室气体排放的研究热点之一。在马铃薯主粮化战略的推动下，马铃薯种植面积不断扩大，覆膜和垄作栽培是其中两种重要的种植方式，但其栽培下的马铃薯田N₂O排放规律尚不十分明确。选择内蒙古自治区武川县自然降水条件下的马铃薯田为试验对象，设置平作覆膜、垄作覆膜、平作不覆膜和垄作不覆膜4种处理，采用静态箱（暗箱）-气相色谱法监测N₂O的排放通量并分析其排放特征，运用实时荧光定量PCR技术（Real-time quantitative PCR，q-PCR）检测不同时期与N₂O排放相关的硝化菌和反硝化菌丰度，并测定相关的土壤要素，进而探究在覆膜和垄作条件下，影响雨养马铃薯田N₂O排放特性和规律的微生物机理。结果表明，雨养马铃薯田是N₂O排放源，其全生育期内平均N₂O累积排放量为N (0.47±0.08) kg∙hm⁻²。N₂O排放通量与土壤温度、水分含量之间具有显著的正相关关系（P<0.05）。在整个马铃薯生育期，氨氧化古菌（Ammonia-oxidizing Archaea，AOA）基本起到了控制N₂O排放的作用（P<0.05），而不是氨氧化细菌和反硝化菌。覆膜和垄作都可以直接或间接改变土壤物理性质使根际生态微环境发生变化，进而影响硝化菌和反硝化菌的活性，最终使N₂O排放发生变化。其中，覆膜垄作处理的N₂O累积排放量及排放强度最高，且垄作不覆膜处理的排放最少（P<0.05），累积量达到了0.401-0.515 kg∙hm⁻²。因此，从减排和不减产的角度来看，采用垄作不覆膜的种植方式效果最显著，旨在为旱地农业生产的可持续发展提供理论依据。

关键词: 覆膜, 垄作, 氧化亚氮, 马铃薯, 影响因子, 排放通量

Abstract:

The rain-fed potato (Solanum tuberosum) field in dryland is an important source of nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission, and one of the current research hotspots of agricultural greenhouse gas emission. Under the promotion of potato as staple food, the potato planting area is expanding continuously. Plastic film mulching and ridge tillage are two important planting methods, but the characteristics of N₂O emission in potato fields under these cultivation practices are not clear. In this study, potato fields under natural precipitation conditions in Wuchuan County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected as experimental objects. Four treatments were set up: flat tillage with mulching, ridge tillage with mulching, flat tillage without mulching, and ridge tillage without mulching. Static chamber (dark box)-gas chromatography was used to monitor the N₂O emission flux, and its emission characteristics was analyzed. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology (q-PCR) was used to detect the abundance of nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria related to N₂O emissions at different stages, and soil elements were determined to explore the microbial mechanism affecting the characteristics and regularity of N₂O emission from rain-fed potato fields under the conditions of plastic film mulching and ridge tillage. The results showed that the rain-fed potato field was the source of N₂O emissions, with an average cumulative N₂O emission of (0.47±0.08) kg N∙hm⁻² during the whole growth period. In this study, there was a significant positive correlation between N₂O emission flux and soil temperature and moisture content (P<0.05). Ammonia−oxidizing archaea (AOA), rather than ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria, dominated N₂O emission during the whole potato growth period (P<0.05). Both plastic film mulching and ridge tillage can directly or indirectly change the physical properties of soil, leading to changes in the rhizosphere ecological microenvironment, affecting the activities of nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria, and finally changing the N₂O emission. Among the treatments, the ridging mulching treatment had the highest cumulative N₂O emissions and emission intensity, while the ridging no mulching treatment had the lowest emissions (P<0.05), with accumulations ranging from 0.401 to 0.515 kg∙hm⁻². Therefore, from the perspective of emission reduction without reducing yield, the planting method of ridge tillage without mulching has the most significant effect. This paper aims to provide the theoretical basis for the sustainable development of dryland agricultural production.

Key words: plastic film mulching, ridge tillage, nitrous oxide, potato, impact factor, emission flux

中图分类号:

苗敬杰, 张开, 孟钰博, 王乃加, 李海楠, 郭康军, 张君, 高西宁, 王立为. 覆膜垄作对旱地雨养马铃薯田N₂O排放的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(1): 62-71.

MIAO Jingjie, ZHANG Kai, MENG Yubo, WANG Naijia, LI Hainan, GUO Kangjun, ZHANG Jun, GAO Xining, WANG Liwei. Effects of Plastic Film Mulching and Ridge Tillage on N₂O Emission from Rain-Fed Potato Fields in Dryland[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(1): 62-71.

图/表 11

参考文献 36

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目的基因		引物	序列 (5’−3’)
硝化基因	amoA	amoA-1F	GGGGTTTCTACTGGTGGT
	amoA	amoA-2R	CCCCTCKGSAAAGCCTTCTTC
	Archaeal- amoA	Arch-amoAF	STAATGGTCTGGCTTAGACG
	Archaeal- amoA	Arch-amoAR	GCGGCCATCCATCTGTATGT
反硝化基因	nirS	nirS-cd3AF	GTSAACGTSAAGGARACSGG
	nirS	nirS-R3cd	GASTTCGGRTGSGTCTTGA
	nirK	nirKF	TTYGTSTAYCAYTGYGCVCC
	nirK	nirKR	SCYTCGATVAGRTTRTGRTT

目的基因		引物	序列 (5’−3’)
硝化基因	amoA	amoA-1F	GGGGTTTCTACTGGTGGT
	amoA	amoA-2R	CCCCTCKGSAAAGCCTTCTTC
	Archaeal- amoA	Arch-amoAF	STAATGGTCTGGCTTAGACG
	Archaeal- amoA	Arch-amoAR	GCGGCCATCCATCTGTATGT
反硝化基因	nirS	nirS-cd3AF	GTSAACGTSAAGGARACSGG
	nirS	nirS-R3cd	GASTTCGGRTGSGTCTTGA
	nirK	nirKF	TTYGTSTAYCAYTGYGCVCC
	nirK	nirKR	SCYTCGATVAGRTTRTGRTT

降水前后		5月14日降水10.4 mm	6月16日降水14.9 mm	6月23日降水5.7 mm	7月25日降水8.3 mm	8月18日降水19.5 mm
雨前	S1	14.30±0.72a	22.60±0.87a	20.27±0.31a	23.07±0.15a	21.40±0.17a
	S2	13.90±0.17ab	21.70±0.44ab	19.77±0.40ab	22.93±0.60a	21.57±0.25a
	S3	13.50±0.46b	21.07±0.76b	19.67±0.25b	22.63±0.81a	21.10±0.44a
	S4	13.63±0.40ab	22.27±0.64ab	19.53±0.42b	22.80±0.36a	21.13±0.12a
降水结束	S1	10.33±0.06c	15.00±1.60c	17.73±0.15cd	19.47±0.51b	19.47±0.12b
	S2	10.37±0.40c	14.77±1.63c	17.87±0.29c	19.77±0.12b	19.47±0.40b
	S3	9.60±0.00d	14.67±0.91c	17.27±0.23de	19.40±0.46b	19.03±0.31b
	S4	9.40±0.26d	13.70±1.65c	16.97±0.15e	19.13±0.68b	18.47±0.21c

降水前后		5月14日降水10.4 mm	6月16日降水14.9 mm	6月23日降水5.7 mm	7月25日降水8.3 mm	8月18日降水19.5 mm
雨前	S1	14.30±0.72a	22.60±0.87a	20.27±0.31a	23.07±0.15a	21.40±0.17a
	S2	13.90±0.17ab	21.70±0.44ab	19.77±0.40ab	22.93±0.60a	21.57±0.25a
	S3	13.50±0.46b	21.07±0.76b	19.67±0.25b	22.63±0.81a	21.10±0.44a
	S4	13.63±0.40ab	22.27±0.64ab	19.53±0.42b	22.80±0.36a	21.13±0.12a
降水结束	S1	10.33±0.06c	15.00±1.60c	17.73±0.15cd	19.47±0.51b	19.47±0.12b
	S2	10.37±0.40c	14.77±1.63c	17.87±0.29c	19.77±0.12b	19.47±0.40b
	S3	9.60±0.00d	14.67±0.91c	17.27±0.23de	19.40±0.46b	19.03±0.31b
	S4	9.40±0.26d	13.70±1.65c	16.97±0.15e	19.13±0.68b	18.47±0.21c

降水前后		5月14日降水10.4 mm	6月16日降水14.9 mm	6月23日降水5.7 mm	7月25日降水8.3 mm	8月18日降水19.5 mm
雨前	S1	7.33±2.04bc	14.97±3.24c	18.37±3.81b	7.17±1.01c	6.40±1.47c
	S2	7.97±1.96bc	15.70±3.18c	14.83±1.50b	6.00±0.92c	7.23±1.40c
	S3	7.83±1.82bc	18.00±4.28bc	19.47±3.32b	6.97±0.93c	7.63±1.81c
	S4	5.47±1.01c	17.03±3.27c	16.83±1.97b	7.50±0.85c	8.97±1.51c
降水结束	S1	10.43±2.55b	23.30±3.35ab	33.67±2.54a	19.50±1.13b	26.70±3.30ab
	S2	16.77±4.74a	23.90±2.61ab	32.57±4.15a	19.70±1.18b	23.73±4.09b
	S3	16.73±1.25a	24.93±0.85a	36.40±4.27a	19.37±0.74b	29.90±2.26a
	S4	11.03±2.26b	25.50±4.09a	31.33±1.67a	23.07±0.42a	28.07±3.27ab

覆膜垄作对旱地雨养马铃薯田N₂O排放的影响

Effects of Plastic Film Mulching and Ridge Tillage on N₂O Emission from Rain-Fed Potato Fields in Dryland

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理化性质	S1	S2	S3	S4
土壤温度	0.504** ¹⁾	0.415* ²⁾	0.407*	0.170
水分体积分数	0.673**	0.454*	0.684**	0.612**

功能基因	播种后	干旱时 (雨前)	降水结束后	收获后
AOB	0.383	−0.653*	−0.162	0.447
AOA	−0.121	0.634*	−0.114	−0.281
nirS	0.539	−0.360	−0.206	−0.144
nirK	0.152	−0.060	−0.183	−0.494

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