10株高效菌株对人工污水净化能力研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.08.016

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8): 1695-1705.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.08.016

10株高效菌株对人工污水净化能力研究

潘国营¹^,²(), 林凤莲¹^,², 袁锋¹^,², 罗倩¹^,², 高倩倩¹^,², 李键¹^,², 吴承祯³, 陈灿¹^,²^,^*()

1.福建农林大学林学院,福建福州 350002
2.森林生态系统过程与经营福建省高校重点实验室,福建福州 350002
3.武夷学院,福建南平 354300

收稿日期:2021-03-07 出版日期:2021-08-18 发布日期:2021-11-03
通讯作者: * E-mail: canchen@fafu.edu.cn
作者简介:潘国营（1996年生）,女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向城市林业。E-mail: panguoying1119@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD060130403);福建省林业科技项目(2021FKJ22);福建省教育厅科研项目(JT180134)

Study on Purification Ability of 10 Highly Efficient Strains in Artificial Wastewater

PAN Guoying¹^,²(), LIN Fenglian¹^,², YUAN Feng¹^,², LUO Qian¹^,², GAO Qianqian¹^,², LI Jian¹^,², WU Chengzhen³, CHEN Can¹^,²^,^*()

1. College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
2. Collegiate Key Laboratory of Forest-Ecosystem Process and Management in Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China
3. Wuyi University, Nanping 354300, China

Received:2021-03-07 Online:2021-08-18 Published:2021-11-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城镇化水污染对中国的水安全压力日益严重,而微生物在净化污水上潜力巨大。为筛选优良净化城市污水的优势真菌和细菌,揭示各菌株去除污水特性及规律,对来源于武夷山市污水处理厂处具有代表性的再力花（Thalia dealbata Link）、香根草（Vetiveria zizanioides L.）、花叶芦荻（Arundo donax var. versicolor）等植物根际土壤中的5株高效细菌（B）和5株高效真菌（F）,分别投加到高、中、低质量浓度人工模拟污水和无菌超纯水对照组中,测定经12、24、36、48 h处理后污水中的总氮（TN）、氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）、化学需氧量（COD）和总磷（TP）的质量浓度,并分析各菌株对污染物的去除规律和污水净化效果。结果表明,（1）各菌株对污水有较好的去除效果,且各菌株对污水去除率差异以及与对照之间差异均达到显著水平（P<0.05）,去除效果总体表现为TN>NH₄⁺-N>COD>TP,除TP外,均在中质量浓度污水中去除效果最好。各菌株对污染物去除率分别为53.75%—80.67%（TN）、27.5%—72.05%（NH₄⁺-N）、36.55%—68.96%（COD）和22.15%—52.15%（TP）。（2）去除4种污染物优势菌株各不相同,可总结为3个类型组（F₉、B₃和B₄;F₇、F₁₀和B₄;F₉和B₁）以及一个独立真菌F₇。去污能力方面,真菌去除污水能力（55.27%）优于细菌处理（52.14%）。（3）菌株在不同处理时间下去除效果差异明显,随时间推移TN、NH₄⁺-N、COD和TP质量浓度均呈下降趋势,48 h去除效果最佳。（4）细菌菌株平均降解率符合多项式模型,真菌菌株平均降解率符合幂指数模型。该研究结果表明污水质量浓度大小、菌株自身特性和处理时间可能是影响污染物去除效果存在差异的主要原因。而微生物长时间持续性去污能力和规律还需进一步研究。

关键词: 污水净化, 高效菌株, TN, NH₄⁺-N, COD, TP

Abstract:

The pressure of urbanized water pollution on China's water safety is increasing seriously, and microorganisms have great potential in purifying sewage. In order to screen the superior fungi and bacteria for the purification of urban sewage, and reveal the characteristics and laws of each strain to remove sewage, five strains of highly efficient bacteria and five strains of highly efficient fungi were screened respectively from the rhizosphere soil of the Thalia dealbata Link, Vetiveria zizanioides L. and Arundo donax var. versicolor, which were the representative plants in purifying water in Wu Yishan sewage treatment company. And all the microorganisms were respectively immersed in high, medium, low-mass concentration artificial simulated sewage, and the sterile ultrapure water (CK). The total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total scale (TP) were measured in the sewage after 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h, respectively. Then, the effects of each strain and rules of each strain on the removal of pollutants were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Each strain had a good removal effect on sewage, and the sewage removal rate of each strain and the control was significantly different (P<0.05). The overall removal effect was TN>NH₄⁺-N>COD>TP, except for TP, all the removal effects were the best in medium mass concentration sewage. The removal rates of TN, NH₄⁺-N, COD and TP were 53.75%-80.67% (TN), 27.5%-72.05% (NH₄⁺-N), 36.55%-68.96% (COD) and 22.15%-52.15% (TP), respectively. (2) The dominant strains for removing the four pollutants were different, concluding three types of groups (F₉, B₃ and B₄; F₇, F₁₀ and B₄; F₉ and B₁) and an independent fungus F₇. In terms of decontamination ability, fungal treatment (55.27%) was better than bacterial treatment (52.14%). (3) The sewage removal rate of strain was significantly different under different treatment time. The mass concentration of TN, NH₄⁺-N, COD and TP showed a downward trend over time, and the removal effect was the best at 48 h. (4) The average degradation rate of bacterial strains conformed to polynomial model, and the average degradation rate of fungal strains conformed to exponential model. These results indicated that the mass concentration of sewage, the characteristics of the strains and the treatment time might be the main reasons for the difference in the removal of pollutants. The long-term continuous decontamination ability and law of microorganisms need further study.

Key words: swage purification, efficient strain, TN, NH₄⁺-N, COD, TP

中图分类号:

潘国营, 林凤莲, 袁锋, 罗倩, 高倩倩, 李键, 吴承祯, 陈灿. 10株高效菌株对人工污水净化能力研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(8): 1695-1705.

PAN Guoying, LIN Fenglian, YUAN Feng, LUO Qian, GAO Qianqian, LI Jian, WU Chengzhen, CHEN Can. Study on Purification Ability of 10 Highly Efficient Strains in Artificial Wastewater[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(8): 1695-1705.

图/表 9

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湿地类型 Wetland type	w_(有机质 _{Organic matter)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	w_{(全氮 TN)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	w_{(全磷 TP)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	w_{(全钾 TK)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	w_(水解氮 _{Hydrolyzed Nitrogen)}/ (mg∙kg^-1)	w_(速效磷 _{Available Phosphorus)}/ (mg∙kg^-1)	w_(速效钾 _{Available potassium)}/ (mg∙kg^-1)
再力花 Thalia dealbata Link	71.32	4.15	5.63	0.52	125.32	377.02	76.80
香根草 Vetiveria zizanioides L.	74.87	2.93	6.02	0.75	260.55	412.79	91.48
花叶芦荻 A. donax var.versicolor	67.77	4.06	5.10	0.39	115.05	395.00	62.24

湿地类型 Wetland type	w_(有机质 _{Organic matter)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	w_{(全氮 TN)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	w_{(全磷 TP)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	w_{(全钾 TK)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	w_(水解氮 _{Hydrolyzed Nitrogen)}/ (mg∙kg^-1)	w_(速效磷 _{Available Phosphorus)}/ (mg∙kg^-1)	w_(速效钾 _{Available potassium)}/ (mg∙kg^-1)
再力花 Thalia dealbata Link	71.32	4.15	5.63	0.52	125.32	377.02	76.80
香根草 Vetiveria zizanioides L.	74.87	2.93	6.02	0.75	260.55	412.79	91.48
花叶芦荻 A. donax var.versicolor	67.77	4.06	5.10	0.39	115.05	395.00	62.24

污水质量浓度 Mass concentration in sewage	全氮 TN	氨氮 NH₄⁺-N	全磷 TP	化学需氧量COD	镉 Cd²⁺	铅 Pb²⁺	锌 Zn²⁺	铜 Cu²⁺
高质量浓度 High mass concentration (H)	40	24	3	400	10	10	10	10
中质量浓度 Medium mass concentration (M)	30	18	2	300	5	5	5	5
低质量浓度 Low mass concentration (L)	20	12	1	200	1	1	1	1

污水质量浓度 Mass concentration in sewage	全氮 TN	氨氮 NH₄⁺-N	全磷 TP	化学需氧量COD	镉 Cd²⁺	铅 Pb²⁺	锌 Zn²⁺	铜 Cu²⁺
高质量浓度 High mass concentration (H)	40	24	3	400	10	10	10	10
中质量浓度 Medium mass concentration (M)	30	18	2	300	5	5	5	5
低质量浓度 Low mass concentration (L)	20	12	1	200	1	1	1	1

变异来源 Source of variation	df	F
变异来源 Source of variation	df	全氮 TN	氨氮 NH₄⁺-N	化学需氧量 COD	全磷 TP
校正模型 Calibration model	131	433.485^**	176.183^**	393.199^**	1311.757^**
截距 Intercept	1	271060.287^**	141796.804^**	294054.424^**	1942.975^**
质量浓度 Mass concentration	2	8831.66^**	5094.498^**	14295.696^**	294.235^**
菌株 Strains	10	893.397^**	202.431^**	748.072^**	101.183^**
时间 Time	3	7469.366^**	2340.11^**	3756.656^**	35.719^**
质量浓度×菌株 Mass concentration×strains	20	58.118^**	50.092^**	27.968^**	200.199^**
质量浓度×时间 Mass concentration×time	6	281.593^**	95.853^**	200.51^**	60.442^**
菌株×时间 Strains×time	30	137.928^**	29.986^**	67.645^**	300.128^**
质量浓度×菌株×时间 Mass concentration×strains×time	60	13.189^**	22.831^**	6.254^**	600.037^**

10株高效菌株对人工污水净化能力研究

Study on Purification Ability of 10 Highly Efficient Strains in Artificial Wastewater

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测定指标 Measurement index	细菌 Bacterial		真菌 Fungi
测定指标 Measurement index	拟合模型 Fit model	R²	拟合模型 Fit model	R²
全氮 TN	y=0.037x²-0.0049x+0.092	0.9881	y=0.1334x^1.185	0.9999
氨氮 NH₄⁺-N	y= -0.0059x²+0.1688x-0.0374	0.9976	y=0.1151x^1.0814	0.9883
化学需氧量 COD	y= -0.0016x²+0.1379x-0.0184	0.9927	y=0.1572x^0.9493	0.9914
全磷 TP	y= -0.029x²+0.2517x-0.173	0.9881	y=0.1121x^1.0105	0.9748
平均去除率 Average adsorption rate	y=0.0002x²+0.1382x-0.034	1	y=0.1292x^1.0615	0.9885

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