1990—2018年海南岛湿地景观格局演变及其驱动力分析

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2020.01.007

生态环境学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (1): 59-70.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2020.01.007

1990—2018年海南岛湿地景观格局演变及其驱动力分析

雷金睿(), 陈宗铸^*(), 陈毅青, 陈小花, 李苑菱, 吴庭天

海南省林业科学研究院/海南省红树林研究院,海南海口 571100

收稿日期:2019-10-08 出版日期:2020-01-18 发布日期:2020-03-09
通讯作者: * 陈宗铸（1977年生）,男,副研究员,博士,研究方向为林业3S技术。E-mail: chenzongzhu@foxmail.com
作者简介:雷金睿（1988年生）,男,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为湿地植物与景观演变。E-mail: raykingre@163.com
基金资助:
海南省财政科技计划项目(KYYS-2018-32);海南省财政科技计划项目(KYYS-2019-12)

Landscape Pattern Changes and Driving Factors Analysis of Wetland in Hainan Island during 1990-2018

LEI Jinrui(), CHEN Zongzhu^*(), CHEN Yiqing, CHEN Xiaohua, LI Yuanling, WU Tingtian

Hainan Academy of Forestry/Hainan Academy of Mangrove, Haikou 571100, China

Received:2019-10-08 Online:2020-01-18 Published:2020-03-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以1990、1995、2000、2005、2010年Landsat TM和2015、2018年Landsat OLI 7期遥感影像为主要数据源,综合运用景观动态分析、景观格局指数和数理统计等方法分析了近30年来海南岛湿地景观演变特征及其驱动因子。结果表明：（1）1990—2018年间,海南岛湿地景观总面积呈增长的趋势,且在2005年之前湿地综合动态变化较剧烈,2005年以后变缓。2018年湿地总面积达1337.57 km²,面积净增加393.21 km²,年变化率为14.04 km²∙a^-1;（2）在研究期内,人工湿地持续增长,自然湿地则持续减少,其中水产养殖场和库塘的净增加面积最高,分别为268.53 km²和179.46 km²;澙湖减少最多,为86.65 km²;盐田和红树林的面积变化不大;（3）海南岛湿地景观总体呈现破碎度增大、连通度降低、斑块形状趋于复杂的变化特征,以库塘、水产养殖场等人工类湿地的变化较大,自然类湿地变化较小;（4）研究区人口总数、城镇人口、国内生产总值和渔业生产总值是影响湿地景观变化的关键因素,是导致研究区自然湿地减少、人工湿地增加和湿地景观多样性变化与破碎化的主要驱动因子。研究结果可为海南岛湿地资源今后的保护利用和规划提供重要的参考。

关键词: 海南岛, 湿地景观格局, 时空动态变化, 遥感, 驱动力

Abstract:

The 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 Landsat TM and 2015, 2018 Landsat OLI remote sensing images were used as the main data sources, and the landscape dynamic analysis, landscape pattern index and mathematical statistics were used to analyze the evolution characteristics and driving factors of wetland landscape in Hainan Island during the past 30 years. The results indicated that: (1) During 1990-2018, the total area of wetlands had been increased gradually, and the comprehensive dynamic change of wetland was more dramatic before 2005, and it slowed down after 2005. In 2018, the total area of the wetland reached 1337.57 km², with a net increase of 393.21 km² and an annual change rate of 14.04 km²∙a^-1. (2) During the study period, artificial wetland gradually increased while the natural wetlands gradually degraded. The aquiculture farms and library pond had the highest proportion of increase at 268.53 km² and 179.46 km², while lagoon had the highest proportion of land degraded at 86.65 km², compared with salt pans and mangrove area stayed consistently. (3) The overall wetland landscape of Hainan Island showed that the change characteristics of increasing fragmentation, decreasing connectivity and complex patch shape. Artificial wetlands such as library ponds and aquiculture farms showed great changes, while natural wetlands showed little changes. And (4) the total population, urban population, GDP and gross fishery production of the study area were key factors affecting the change of wetland landscape, and the main driving factors leading to the decrease of natural wetlands, the increase of artificial wetlands and the change and fragmentation of wetland landscape diversity in the study area. This study could provide important reference for the future protection, utilization and planning of wetland resources in Hainan Island.

Key words: Hainan Island, wetland landscape pattern, temporal and spatial dynamic change, remote sensing, driving factors

中图分类号:

X171.1
X144

雷金睿, 陈宗铸, 陈毅青, 陈小花, 李苑菱, 吴庭天. 1990—2018年海南岛湿地景观格局演变及其驱动力分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2020, 29(1): 59-70.

LEI Jinrui, CHEN Zongzhu, CHEN Yiqing, CHEN Xiaohua, LI Yuanling, WU Tingtian. Landscape Pattern Changes and Driving Factors Analysis of Wetland in Hainan Island during 1990-2018[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2020, 29(1): 59-70.

图/表 14

参考文献 39

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一级湿地类型 First wetland type	二级湿地类型 Second wetland type	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015	2018	1990—2018年变化率 Annual gradient/(km²∙a^-1)
人工湿地 Artificial wetland		423.87	540.46	631.83	655.81	730.90	869.43	873.26	16.05
	库塘 Library pond	364.69	458.02	501.49	430.28	450.28	536.19	544.15	6.41
	水产养殖场 Aquiculture	21.28	45.50	93.40	187.20	240.85	293.88	289.82	9.59
	盐田 Salt pans	37.90	36.94	36.94	38.33	39.77	39.36	39.29	0.05
自然湿地 Natural wetland		520.49	502.93	484.84	463.94	460.70	453.64	464.31	-2.01
	河流 River	164.53	170.40	169.61	170.79	170.07	181.02	196.17	1.13
	潟湖 Lagoon	318.13	292.68	277.38	256.36	251.33	234.94	231.48	-3.09
	红树林 Mangrove	37.83	39.86	37.86	36.79	39.31	37.68	36.66	-0.04
总面积 Total wetland area		944.36	1043.40	1116.67	1119.75	1191.60	1323.08	1337.57	14.04

一级湿地类型 First wetland type	二级湿地类型 Second wetland type	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015	2018	1990—2018年变化率 Annual gradient/(km²∙a^-1)
人工湿地 Artificial wetland		423.87	540.46	631.83	655.81	730.90	869.43	873.26	16.05
	库塘 Library pond	364.69	458.02	501.49	430.28	450.28	536.19	544.15	6.41
	水产养殖场 Aquiculture	21.28	45.50	93.40	187.20	240.85	293.88	289.82	9.59
	盐田 Salt pans	37.90	36.94	36.94	38.33	39.77	39.36	39.29	0.05
自然湿地 Natural wetland		520.49	502.93	484.84	463.94	460.70	453.64	464.31	-2.01
	河流 River	164.53	170.40	169.61	170.79	170.07	181.02	196.17	1.13
	潟湖 Lagoon	318.13	292.68	277.38	256.36	251.33	234.94	231.48	-3.09
	红树林 Mangrove	37.83	39.86	37.86	36.79	39.31	37.68	36.66	-0.04
总面积 Total wetland area		944.36	1043.40	1116.67	1119.75	1191.60	1323.08	1337.57	14.04

1990	2018
1990	库塘 Library pond	水产养殖场 Aquiculture	盐田 Salt pans	河流 River	潟湖 Lagoon	红树林 Mangrove	非湿地 Non- wetland	总计 Total
库塘 Library pond	307.63	10.03		6.84	0.04		40.15	364.69
水产养殖场 Aquiculture		15.78	0.04	0.41	1.17	0.06	3.83	21.28
盐田 Salt pans		0.37	36.21	0.01	0.13	0.01	1.16	37.90
河流 River	10.39	4.15	0.02	114.89	0.20	0.05	34.83	164.53
潟湖 Lagoon	0.12	56.51	0.54	5.10	216.34	5.49	34.05	318.14
红树林 Mangrove	0.06	5.69	0.03	0.13	1.58	27.83	2.53	37.85
非湿地 Non-wetland	225.96	197.29	2.45	68.81	12.03	3.22		509.74
总计 Total	544.15	289.82	39.29	196.17	231.48	36.66	116.56

1990	2018
1990	库塘 Library pond	水产养殖场 Aquiculture	盐田 Salt pans	河流 River	潟湖 Lagoon	红树林 Mangrove	非湿地 Non- wetland	总计 Total
库塘 Library pond	307.63	10.03		6.84	0.04		40.15	364.69
水产养殖场 Aquiculture		15.78	0.04	0.41	1.17	0.06	3.83	21.28
盐田 Salt pans		0.37	36.21	0.01	0.13	0.01	1.16	37.90
河流 River	10.39	4.15	0.02	114.89	0.20	0.05	34.83	164.53
潟湖 Lagoon	0.12	56.51	0.54	5.10	216.34	5.49	34.05	318.14
红树林 Mangrove	0.06	5.69	0.03	0.13	1.58	27.83	2.53	37.85
非湿地 Non-wetland	225.96	197.29	2.45	68.81	12.03	3.22		509.74
总计 Total	544.15	289.82	39.29	196.17	231.48	36.66	116.56

时期 Phases	NP	LPI/%	ED/ (m∙hm^-2)	LSI	PAFRAC	CONTAG	SHDI
1990	1379	10.04	3.08	76.29	1.51	60.64	1.38
1995	1373	6.17	2.92	76.84	1.52	60.32	1.39
2000	1943	7.42	3.20	80.83	1.49	59.31	1.43
2005	2047	6.09	4.09	83.36	1.48	56.52	1.52
2010	1729	8.96	3.78	78.32	1.46	56.47	1.52
2015	2134	8.55	3.78	86.07	1.44	57.52	1.49
2018	2052	8.45	4.28	87.56	1.45	57.40	1.48

1990—2018年海南岛湿地景观格局演变及其驱动力分析

Landscape Pattern Changes and Driving Factors Analysis of Wetland in Hainan Island during 1990-2018

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指标 Index	年降水量 Annual rainfall/mm	平均气温 Average temperature/℃	平均相对湿度 Average relative humidity/%
1990	1312.74	24.17	84.70
1995	1277.44	23.96	82.98
2000	1592.77	24.31	83.05
2005	1213.36	24.52	77.43
2010	1509.11	24.91	79.77
2015	1065.99	25.36	80.28
2018	1411.27	24.48	81.99
线性拟合公式 Linear fitting	y=-1.8599x+5068.9	y=0.0338x-43.246	y=-0.1324x+346.83
拟合优度 Fitting optimization level	R²=0.0115	R²=0.5511	R²=0.3124

类型	总人口 Total population	城镇人口 Urban population	农村人口 Rural population	国内生产总值GDP	渔业生产总值Gross fishery production	20—20时累计降水量 20-20 hours cumulative precipitation	平均气温Average temperature	平均相对湿度Average relative humidity
人工湿地 Artificial wetland	0.982**	0.969**	-0.931**	0.922**	0.954**	-0.129	0.748	-0.506
库塘 Library pond	0.782*	0.752	-0.693	0.769*	0.782*	0.006	0.458	-0.166
水产养殖场 Aquiculture	0.977**	0.976**	-0.952**	0.898**	0.938**	-0.188	0.819*	-0.633
盐田Salt pans	0.758*	0.776*	-0.788*	0.763*	0.766*	-0.179	0.793*	-0.519
自然湿地 Natural wetland	-0.955**	-0.946**	0.897**	-0.714	-0.791*	0.132	-0.806*	0.799*
河流 River	0.751	0.739	-0.733	0.927**	0.910**	-0.107	0.321	-0.128
潟湖 Lagoon	-0.992**	-0.978**	0.934**	-0.860*	-0.913**	0.134	-0.737	0.664
红树林 Mangrove	-0.406	-0.463	0.564	-0.410	-0.480	0.170	-0.197	0.249
湿地总面积 Total wetland area	0.968**	0.955**	-0.919**	0.941**	0.965**	-0.126	0.724	-0.445

景观指数 Landscape index	总人口 Total population	城镇人口 Urban population	农村人口 Rural population	国内生产总值GDP	渔业生产总值Gross fishery production	年降水量 Annual rainfall	平均气温 Average temperature	平均相对湿度Average relative humidity
NP	0.862*	0.878**	-0.881**	0.650	0.748	-0.123	0.660	-0.617
LPI	0.022	0.084	-0.193	0.266	0.184	0.126	0.302	0.395
ED	0.857*	0.872*	-0.888**	0.754*	0.815*	-0.131	0.566	-0.708
LSI	0.847*	0.853*	-0.857*	0.828*	0.890**	-0.276	0.550	-0.445
PAFRAC	-0.970**	-0.983**	0.982**	-0.894**	-0.933**	0.114	-0.842*	0.532
CONTAG	-0.850*	-0.853*	0.828*	-0.581	-0.662	0.070	-0.704	0.890**
SHDI	0.838*	0.841*	-0.813*	0.557	0.639	-0.063	0.709	-0.897**

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