Comparative Study on Pollutant Removal Effect of Typical Freshwater Aquaculture Tail Water Treatment Technology Model in Guangdong Province

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.12.010

Ecology and Environment ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 1923-1930.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.12.010

• Research Article [Environmental Science] • Previous Articles Next Articles

Comparative Study on Pollutant Removal Effect of Typical Freshwater Aquaculture Tail Water Treatment Technology Model in Guangdong Province

ZOU Yao¹^,²^,³(), ZHANG Kai¹^,², ZHANG Zhaowei¹^,²

1. Guangdong Society of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou 510045, P. R. China
2. Guangzhou Eco-environmental Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510045, P. R. China
3. South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China

Received:2024-10-16 Online:2024-12-18 Published:2024-12-31

广东省典型淡水水产养殖尾水治理技术模式污染物去除效果对比研究

邹耀¹^,²^,³(), 张凯¹^,², 张兆威¹^,²

1.广东省环境科学学会，广东广州 510045
2.广州市生态环境科技协同创新中心，广东广州 510045
3.华南理工大学，广东广州 510006

作者简介:邹耀（1981年生），男，高级工程师，硕士，主要研究方向为水环境治理。E-mail: 13922258943@139.com
基金资助:
广东省生态环境厅技术服务项目(440001-2021-29746)

Abstract

Abstract:

Guangdong Province has a well-developed freshwater aquaculture industry. The aquaculture wastewater treatment technologies in the province are diverse. However, there is a lack of comparative research on the pollutant removal efficiencies of various technologies, leading to the inability of enterprises to effectively identify an optimal model for screening treatment technologies for aquaculture wastewater. This study focuses on five freshwater aquaculture wastewater treatment modes commonly used in Guangdong province: three pond and two dam treatment modes, three pond and one dam treatment mode, freshwater elevated pond culture-greenhouse aquaponic treatment mode, runway treatment mode, and ecological regulation/storage and reuse pond treatment modes. Through an in situ investigation of 25 freshwater fishponds in eight cities in the province, sampling and analysis were conducted to evaluate the removal effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and COD under each treatment mode. Five fishponds with relatively poor influent water quality were selected for comparison of the five treatment modes. The results showed that, under all five treatment modes, nitrogen, phosphorus, COD_Mn, and other pollutants were effectively removed, meeting the discharge standard. Through comparative analysis, it was concluded that the removal efficiencies of pollutants in the three pools and two dam treatment modes were the most prominent, with the removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and COD_Mn reaching 76.6%, 77.4%, and 44.4%, respectively, ranking first place among the five treatment modes. The TP removal rate of total phosphorus reached 35.3%, ranking third among the five treatment modes. Compared with the other four treatment modes, the three-pond and two-dam treatment modes have the advantages of smaller footprints, low investment, and simple operation and maintenance. Comprehensive pollutant removal performance, which is a conventional treatment model that deserves popularization for freshwater aquaculture wastewater treatment, has demonstrated superior efficacy.

Key words: Guangdong, freshwater aquaculture, tailwater treatment, technical model, removal rate, comparative analysis

摘要：

广东省是淡水水产养殖大省，全省养殖尾水治理技术呈现多样化，但缺乏对各技术污染物去除效率的对比研究，导致养殖企业在进行尾水治理技术筛选时不能有效的识别最优的处理技术模式。围绕三池两坝、三池一坝、淡水高位池养殖-温室鱼菜共生处理模式、跑道式处理模式、生态调蓄回用塘5种主要应用在广东的淡水水产养殖尾水治理模式，通过实地调研全省8个地市共25个淡水鱼池，进行采样分析，评估各处理模式对氮磷、COD的去除效果，并选取5家进水水质相对较差的鱼池，对比分析5种处理模式的污染物去除效率。通过检测得出5种处理模式均能有效的去除尾水中氮磷、COD_Mn等污染物，实现尾水达标排放；通过对比分析得出三池两坝，对污染物的去除效率最为突出，其中对氨氮、总氮、COD_Mn的去除效率分别达到76.6%、77.4%和44.4%，排名第一，对总磷的去除率达到35.3%，排名第三；同时，相比较于其他4种治理模式，三池两坝尾水治理模式还具有占地面积小、建设投资费用低、运维管理简单等优点，综合评比去除效果最优，可作为常规淡水水产养殖尾水治理模式进行推广应用。

关键词: 广东, 淡水水产养殖, 尾水治理, 技术模式, 去除率, 对比分析

CLC Number:

ZOU Yao, ZHANG Kai, ZHANG Zhaowei. Comparative Study on Pollutant Removal Effect of Typical Freshwater Aquaculture Tail Water Treatment Technology Model in Guangdong Province[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(12): 1923-1930.

邹耀, 张凯, 张兆威. 广东省典型淡水水产养殖尾水治理技术模式污染物去除效果对比研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(12): 1923-1930.

Figures/Tables 20

References 31

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城市	取样点数量	尾水治理模式
广州市	4	三池两坝、三池一坝、淡水高位池养殖-温室鱼菜共生、生态调蓄回用塘
江门市	3	三池两坝、跑道式、生态调蓄回用塘
中山市	3	三池两坝、三池一坝、淡水高位池养殖-温室鱼菜共生
湛江市	3	三池两坝、淡水高位池养殖-温室鱼菜共生、生态调蓄回用塘
肇庆市	3	三池两坝、三池一坝、淡水高位池养殖-温室鱼菜共生
佛山市	3	淡水高位池养殖-温室鱼菜共生、跑道式、生态调蓄回用塘
惠州市	3	三池两坝、三池一坝、跑道式
潮州市	3	三池两坝、三池一坝、生态调蓄回用塘

城市	取样点数量	尾水治理模式
广州市	4	三池两坝、三池一坝、淡水高位池养殖-温室鱼菜共生、生态调蓄回用塘
江门市	3	三池两坝、跑道式、生态调蓄回用塘
中山市	3	三池两坝、三池一坝、淡水高位池养殖-温室鱼菜共生
湛江市	3	三池两坝、淡水高位池养殖-温室鱼菜共生、生态调蓄回用塘
肇庆市	3	三池两坝、三池一坝、淡水高位池养殖-温室鱼菜共生
佛山市	3	淡水高位池养殖-温室鱼菜共生、跑道式、生态调蓄回用塘
惠州市	3	三池两坝、三池一坝、跑道式
潮州市	3	三池两坝、三池一坝、生态调蓄回用塘

水质指标	测定方法	DB 44/2462—2024 一级标准
pH值	玻璃电极法 (HJ 1147—2020)	6.0‒9.0
COD_Mn	酸性高锰酸钾法 (GB/T 11892-89)	≤15 mg·L⁻¹
总氮	气相分子吸收光谱法 (HJ 199—2023)	≤3.0 mg·L⁻¹
总磷	钼酸铵分光光度法 (GB/T 11893-89)	≤0.4 mg·L⁻¹

水质指标	测定方法	DB 44/2462—2024 一级标准
pH值	玻璃电极法 (HJ 1147—2020)	6.0‒9.0
COD_Mn	酸性高锰酸钾法 (GB/T 11892-89)	≤15 mg·L⁻¹
总氮	气相分子吸收光谱法 (HJ 199—2023)	≤3.0 mg·L⁻¹
总磷	钼酸铵分光光度法 (GB/T 11893-89)	≤0.4 mg·L⁻¹

水质指标	单位	平均值	DB 44/2462—2024 一级标准达标率
pH值	‒	7.73	100%
COD_Mn	mg·L⁻¹	15.04	44%
总氮	mg·L⁻¹	3.13	48%
总磷	mg·L⁻¹	0.37	64%

Comparative Study on Pollutant Removal Effect of Typical Freshwater Aquaculture Tail Water Treatment Technology Model in Guangdong Province

广东省典型淡水水产养殖尾水治理技术模式污染物去除效果对比研究

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水质指标	单位	平均值	DB 44/2462—2024 一级标准达标率
pH值	‒	7.85	100%
COD_Mn	mg·L⁻¹	9.21	100%
总氮	mg·L⁻¹	1.64	96%
总磷	mg·L⁻¹	0.28	96%

研究对象	位置	养殖品种
三池两坝处理模式代表企业	广州南沙	罗非鱼、草鱼等
三池一坝处理模式代表企业	佛山三水	鲈鱼、草鱼等
淡水高位池养殖-温室鱼菜共生处理模式代表企业	江门开平	鲈鱼、罗氏虾等
跑道式处理模式代表企业	中山小榄	鲈鱼、罗氏虾
生态调蓄回用塘处理模式代表企业	惠州博罗	罗非鱼、草鱼

序号	采样点位	ρ_(CODMn)/ (mg∙L⁻¹)	ρ_(氨氮)/ (mg∙L⁻¹)	ρ_(总氮)/ (mg∙L⁻¹)	ρ_(总磷)/ (mg∙L⁻¹)	ρ_(溶解氧)/ (mg∙L⁻¹)	pH值
1	进水口	16.8	3.02	5.44	0.18	2.15	8.30
2	出水口	9.6	0.71	1.23	0.10	4.51	8.32

序号	采样点位	ρ_(总氮)/ (mg∙L⁻¹)	ρ_(CODMn)/ (mg∙L⁻¹)	ρ_(氨氮)/ (mg∙L⁻¹)	ρ_(总磷)/ (mg∙L⁻¹)	ρ_(溶解氧)/ (mg∙L⁻¹)	pH值
1	进水口	3.12	25	1.74	0.57	10	7.70
2	出水口	1.57	14.3	0.897	0.30	10	8.63

序号	采样点位	ρ_(总氮)/ (mg∙L⁻¹)	ρ_(CODMn)/ (mg∙L⁻¹)	ρ_(氨氮)/ (mg∙L⁻¹)	ρ_(总磷)/ (mg∙L⁻¹)	ρ_(溶解氧)/ (mg∙L⁻¹)	pH值
1	进水口	3.05	8.1	1.94	0.68	7.4	7.66
2	出水口	1.37	6.5	0.90	0.39	6.7	7.65

序号	采样点位	ρ_(总氮)/ (mg∙L⁻¹)	ρ_(CODMn)/ (mg∙L⁻¹)	ρ_(氨氮)/ (mg∙L⁻¹)	ρ_(总磷)/ (mg∙L⁻¹)	ρ_(溶解氧)/ (mg∙L⁻¹)	pH值
1	跑道养殖池 (进水)	3.61	17.6	2.15	0.53	7.2	7.89
2	生态净化池 (出水)	1.93	13.0	1.16	0.38	7.4	7.87

序号	采样点位	ρ_(总氮)/ (mg∙L⁻¹)	ρ_(CODMn)/ (mg∙L⁻¹)	ρ_(氨氮)/ (mg∙L⁻¹)	ρ_(总磷)/ (mg∙L⁻¹)	ρ_(溶解氧)/ (mg∙L⁻¹)	pH值
1	进水口	4.38	11.4	2.57	0.48	6.3	8.14
2	出水口	1.79	11.0	1.08	0.19	6.2	8.6

治理模式	污染物去除效率	运维管理难度	投资成本	占地面积
三池两坝	综合污染物处理效果最高	技术相对成熟, 运维管理简单	相对较低, 建设成本约44.98‒74.96万元·hm⁻², 后期运营维护费用约 2998.5－4197.9 yuan·hm⁻²·a⁻¹	占地面积小, 一般占养殖总面积的6%－10%
三池一坝	COD和总磷的去除效果第二, 氮的去除效果第三	技术相对成熟, 运维管理简单	建设成本与三池两坝类似, 但运维成本相对高	占地面积小, 养殖总面积的10%
高位池-鱼菜共生	对氮磷去除效果较好, COD去除效果一般	管理水平要求最高, 对水质、温度、农作物的维护要求高	较高, 建设成本约625.19万元·hm⁻²	占地面积较小, 一般要求温室鱼菜共生系统与池塘配比为1꞉2－5左右
跑道式	对COD、氮磷的去除效果综合第三	自动化水平高, 管理方便	集约化水平高, 投资和运维成本高	占地面积最小, 一般要求占整个池塘面积比例不高于5%
生态调蓄回用塘	对氮磷去除效果较好, COD去除效果一般	需要定期维护, 抗冲击负荷强, 管理方便	占地面积大, 所需要的建设成本较大	占地面积最大, 一般要求达到养殖总面积的10%以上

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