Abstract:

Rivers are important ecosystems and play an important role in economic and social development. However, as economic activities continue to grow, the negative impact of human activities on river ecosystems has become increasingly severe. In order to evaluate the health conditions of Haihe River Basin, macroinvertebrates communities were sampled at 39 sampling sites (9 reference sites and 30 impaired sites) in 2020. The Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity (B-IBI) system was established for this purpose. The results showed that 106 macroinvertebrates taxa were identified, belonging to 4 phyla, 8 classes, 20 orders and 50 families. Among them, there were 1 taxa from Platyhelminthes, 6 from Annelida, 12 from Mollusca, and 87 from Arthropoda. Caridina denticulate sinensis, Alainites yixiani, Chironomus sp. and Micronecta guttata were the dominant species in the Haihe River Basin. A total of 21 potential biological indicators were selected to analyze the distribution range, discriminant ability, and Pearson’s correlation. Ultimately, three biological indicators were chosen for the B-IBI index, including the total number of taxon units, the average score per taxon (ASPT), and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Then, the ratio method was used to unify the dimensions of biological indicators, from which the value of B-IBI was obtained by summing up the scores of each biological indicator. The B-IBI evaluation standard of the Haihe River Basin was established by using the 25% quantile method based on the reference sites. The assessment results showed that the overall health status of river was good, with 13 sites classified as healthy, 12 sites as good, 10 sites as fair, 3 sites as poor and 1 site as very poor. In general, the health conditions were better in the northern and western mountainous areas compared to the southern plain areas in the Haihe River Basin. Human activities had great impacts on the river health. The B-IBI index developed provides an important tool for monitoring and evaluating river health. Moreover, the research results can serve as fundamental data support and a scientific basis for the restoration and protection of aquatic ecosystems in the Haihe River Basin.

Key words: macroinvertebrates, Index of Biotic Integrity, health assessment, community structure, dominant species, Haihe River Basin

摘要：

河流是重要的生态系统。随着经济发展，人类活动对河流生态系统的影响日益严重。为了解海河流域河流水生态健康状况，2020年在海河流域布设了39个点位（9个参照点，30个受损点）进行大型底栖动物调查，构建大型底栖动物生物完整性评价指数（Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity，B-IBI），对海河流域河流水生态健康状况进行评价。结果表明：海河流域河流共检测到大型底栖动物106种，隶属于4门8纲20目50科，其中扁形动物门1种，环节动物门6种，软体动物门12种，节肢动物门87种。中华齿米虾（Caridina denticulate sinensis）、逸仙丽翅蜉（Alainites yixiani）、摇蚊属一种（Chironomus sp.）、斑点小划蝽（Micronecta guttata）为海河流域内的优势种。通过对21个候选参数进行分布范围检验、判别能力分析和Pearson相关性分析，最终确定海河流域河流B-IBI指标体系由总分类单元数、每个分类单元的平均得分（ASPT指数）和Shannon-Wiener指数构成。采用比值法统一量纲计算得到B-IBI值。以参照位点25%分位数法建立了海河流域B-IBI评价标准。结果显示，海河流域河流整体健康状况呈现良好，39个采样点中有13个处于健康状态，12个处于良好状态，10个处于一般状态，3个处于较差状态，1个处于很差状态。整体来看，海河流域河流北部和西部山区健康状态优于南部平原地区，人类活动强度对河流健康影响较大。该研究构建的B-IBI评价体系为海河流域的河流健康监测和评价提供了重要方法，研究结果可为海河流域水生态系统的修复和保护提供基础数据支撑和科学依据。

关键词: 大型底栖动物, 生物完整性指数, 健康评价, 群落结构, 优势种, 海河流域