Abstract:

To investigate the contamination status and risk levels of bisphenols (BPs) and brominated flame retardants (BFR) [including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and novel BFRs (NBFRs)], in the water and sediments of typical drinking water sources in the middle and lower reaches of the Beijiang River. This study was conducted to determine the mass concentrations of BPs and BFRs in the water and sediment of 14 drinking water source areas, analyze the partition coefficients between the sediment and water, and assess their ecological and health risks. The results indicated that during the wet season, the total mass concentrations of BPs, PBDEs and NBFRs in the source water were 13.0-360 ng∙L⁻¹, <LOD (limit of detection)-70.3 ng∙L⁻¹, and <LOD-36.6 ng∙L⁻¹ respectively. During the dry season, the corresponding mass concentrations were <LOD-275 ng∙L⁻¹, <LOD-17.1 ng∙L⁻¹, and <LOD-7.31 ng∙L⁻¹, respectively. In the sediments, the total mass fractions of BPs, PBDEs, and NBFRs were <LOD-34.4 ng∙g⁻¹, 0.734-12.5 ng∙g⁻¹, and <LOD-1.89 ng∙g⁻¹, respectively. The major chemicals present in water are bisphenol A (BPA), 2,4,4′−tribromodiphenyl ether (BDE28), and hexachlorodibromooctane (HCDBCO). The major chemicals in the sediments are bisphenol B (BPB), decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209), and HCDBCO. The concentrations of PBDEs were higher in the water bodies during the wet season than during the dry season. In addition, the concentrations of PBDEs in the water were higher in riverine water sources than in lake and reservoir water sources. The partition coefficients (lgK_d) of BPs and PBDEs in the sediment-water system exhibited a significant correlation with the normalized partition coefficients (lgK_oc) of organic carbon, suggesting that the total organic carbon content substantially influences their partitioning behavior. The ecological, noncarcinogenic, and carcinogenic risk values associated with BPs and BFRs in the source water were all below the corresponding safety thresholds, suggesting that BPs and BFRs in the source water of the middle and lower reaches of the Beijiang River pose minimal risks to the ecological environment and human health. These results serve as foundational data for the health risk management of BPs and BFRs in drinking water sources.

Key words: drinking water source, Beijiang River Basin, bisphenols, brominated flame retardants, pollution characterization, risk assessment

摘要：

为探究北江中下游地区典型饮用水源地水体和沉积物中双酚类化合物（BPs）和溴代阻燃剂[BFRs；包括多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）和新型BFRs（NBFRs）]的污染状况和风险水平，测定了14个饮用水源地水体和沉积物中BPs和BFRs的含量，分析其沉积物-水分配系数，并评价其生态风险与健康风险。结果显示：在丰水期，北江中下游水源水中BPs、PBDEs和NBFRs的总质量浓度分别为13.0-360 ng∙L⁻¹、<LOD（检出限）-70.3 ng∙L⁻¹、<LOD-36.6 ng∙L⁻¹；枯水期相应的质量浓度分别为<LOD-275 ng∙L⁻¹、<LOD-17.1 ng∙L⁻¹、<LOD-7.31 ng∙L⁻¹；沉积物中BPs、PBDEs和NBFRs的总质量分数分别为<LOD-34.4 ng∙g⁻¹、0.734-12.5 ng∙g⁻¹和<LOD-1.89 ng∙g⁻¹。其中，水源水中的主要污染物为双酚A（BPA）、2,4,4′−三溴联苯醚（BDE28）和六氯二溴辛烷（HCDBCO），沉积物中为双酚B（BPB）、十溴联苯醚（BDE209）和HCDBCO；PBDEs在丰水期水体中的含量高于枯水期，且在河流型水源地水体中的含量高于湖库型水源地。BPs和PBDEs的沉积物-水分配系数（lgK_d）与有机碳归一化分配系数（lgK_oc）显著相关，表明总有机碳对其分配行为有显著的影响。水源水中BPs和BFRs的生态风险、非致癌风险及致癌风险值均小于相应的安全阈值，表明北江中下游水源水中BPs和BFRs对生态环境及人体健康造成的风险较低。研究结果可为饮用水源中BPs和BFRs的健康风险管控提供基础数据。

关键词: 饮用水源地, 北江流域, 双酚类化合物, 溴代阻燃剂, 污染特征, 风险评估