Study on the Change Pattern of Ecosystem Service Functions in the Water-level-Fluctuation Zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.01.003

Ecology and Environment ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 13-25.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.01.003

• Research Article [Ecology] • Previous Articles Next Articles

Study on the Change Pattern of Ecosystem Service Functions in the Water-level-Fluctuation Zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir

SUN Yunkun¹^,²^,³(), FENG Qi¹^,⁴, DING Changhong⁵, WEN Zhaofei²^,^*()

1. School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, P. R. China
2. Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
3. Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
4. Chongqing Water Resources Bureau, Chongqing 401147, P. R. China
5. Aviation University of the PLA Air Force, Changchun 130012, P. R. China

Received:2024-04-26 Online:2025-01-18 Published:2025-01-21
Contact: WEN Zhaofei

三峡水库消落区生态系统服务功能变化格局研究

孙云堃¹^,²^,³(), 冯琦¹^,⁴, 丁长虹⁵, 温兆飞²^,^*()

1.重庆交通大学河海学院，重庆 400074
2.中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院，重庆 400714
3.中国科学院大学重庆学院，重庆 400714
4.重庆市水利局，重庆 401147
5.空军航空大学，吉林长春 130012

通讯作者: 温兆飞
作者简介:孙云堃（1999年生），男，硕士研究生，主要从事环境监测与环境系统分析。E-mail: sunyunkun@cigit.ac.cn
基金资助:
三峡库区消落区（重庆段）生态环境调查及生态恢复技术示范项目(5000002021BF40001);三峡水库重庆库区长江干流及重要支流健康评价(CQS23C01036);重庆市科技局自然科学基金面上项目(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX1099)

Abstract

Abstract:

The water-level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir refers to the alternating submersion and exposure of land areas between the maximum dam-front water level of 175 m and the flood control level of 145 m, resulting from reservoir regulation. Despite nearly 20 years of reservoir operation, the ecosystem services of the water level fluctuation zone have not been comprehensively quantified, posing challenges for their management, conservation, and utilization. Through extensive high-density field surveys and sampling conducted four times from 2021 to 2022, over 2000 first-hand data samples were collected. These data were used to systematically quantify the ecosystem services of the water-level fluctuation zone in terms of support, provisioning, regulation, and cultural functions. The key findings are as follows: 1) the spatial distribution of the regulating function of the water-level fluctuation zone was relatively uniform, with average scores across districts fluctuating around 0.67. 2) The cultural function score exhibited a steady increase from the reservoir head to the tail, rising from 0.60 0.73. 3) From the reservoir head to the tail, the supporting function scores were 0.34, 0.41, and 0.27, respectively; provisioning function scores were 0.32, 0.52, and 0.36; regulating function scores were 0.55, 0.72, and 0.67; and the ecosystem service index scores were 0.49, 0.62, and 0.56, respectively, showing an initial increase followed by a decrease. 4) Spatially, ecosystem services in the water-level fluctuation zone displayed a clustered distribution pattern. Further analysis explored the potential causes of this spatial distribution, and proposed targeted strategies for ecological protection and management.

Key words: Three Gorges Reservoir, ecosystem of the water-level-fluctuation zone, service function, spatial distribution

摘要：

三峡水库消落区是指坝前水位175 m逐步消退至防洪限制水位145 m之间，水库两岸因水库调度运用出现的临时性淹没或出露的水陆交错区域。三峡水库运行已近20年，但消落区生态系统服务功能至今尚未被全面定量地认识，给消落区的管理保护和利用带来了诸多困扰。通过2021—2022年4次大范围高密度的消落区实地调查采样，共获得2000余份一手调查数据，并以此从消落区的支持功能、供给功能、调节功能和文化功能方面，系统地定量刻画了消落区生态系统服务功能。研究发现：1）三峡水库消落区生态系统的调节功能在空间上分布相对均匀，各个区县的得分在平均分0.67上下波动；2）从库首到库尾，三峡水库消落区生态系统的文化功能得分由0.60持续上升到0.73，呈现出持续上升的趋势；3）从库首到库尾，三峡水库消落区支持功能得分分别为0.34、0.41、0.27，供给功能得分分别为0.32、0.52、0.36，调节功能得分分别为0.55、0.72、0.67，服务功能指数分别为0.49、0.62、0.56，均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势；4）消落区生态系统服务功能在空间上呈现出集群分布特征。进一步分析了形成这种空间分布格局的可能原因，提出了针对性的生态保护和管理对策。

关键词: 三峡水库, 消落区生态系统, 服务功能, 空间分布

CLC Number:

X171.1
X196

SUN Yunkun, FENG Qi, DING Changhong, WEN Zhaofei. Study on the Change Pattern of Ecosystem Service Functions in the Water-level-Fluctuation Zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2025, 34(1): 13-25.

孙云堃, 冯琦, 丁长虹, 温兆飞. 三峡水库消落区生态系统服务功能变化格局研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2025, 34(1): 13-25.

Figures/Tables 14

Figure 1 Schematic Diagram of the Boundary of the water-level-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Table 1 Classification of ecosystem service functions in the Three Gorges Reservoir water-level-fluctuation zone

服务功能	供给功能	调节功能	支持功能	文化功能
表征指标	NPP	植被覆盖度	生物多样性	景观得分
表征指标	NPP	土壤有机质含量	生物多样性	景观得分

Figure 2 Distribution of service function data collection points in the Three Gorges Reservoir water-level-fluctuation zone

Table 2 Weights of each indicator of ecosystem service function in the Three Gorges Reservoir water-level-fluctuation zone

目标层	权重	准则层	权重	指标层	权重
三峡水库消落区生态系统服务功能评估	1.00	供给功能	0.19	NPP	0.19
		调节功能	0.36	植被覆盖度	0.09
		调节功能	0.36	土壤有机质含量	0.27
		支持功能	0.15	生物多样性	0.15
		文化功能	0.30	文化旅游得分	0.30

Table 3 Classification of Ecosystem Service Index Levels in the water-level-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir

服务功能等级	服务功能水平
一级（≥0.62）	较好
二级 [0.57, 0.62）	好
三级 [0.52, 0.57）	良好
四级 [0.47, 0.52）	较差
五级（≤0.47）	差

Figure 3 Frequency distribution of provisioning function scores in the ecosystem of Three Gorges Reservoir water-level-fluctuation zone

Figure 4 Frequency distribution of regulation function scores in the ecosystem of Three Gorges Reservoir water-level-fluctuation zone

Figure 5 Frequency distribution of support function scores in the ecosystem of Three Gorges Reservoir water-level-fluctuation zone

Figure 6 Frequency distribution of cultural function scores in the ecosystem of Three Gorges Reservoir water-level-fluctuation zone

Figure 7 Spatial distribution of ecosystem provisioning function in the water-level-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Figure 8 Spatial distribution of ecosystem regulation function in the water-level-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Figure 9 Spatial distribution of ecosystem support function in the water-level-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Figure 10 Spatial distribution of ecosystem cultural function in the water-level-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Figure 11 Spatial distribution of ecosystem Service Function Index in the water-level-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir

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Study on the Change Pattern of Ecosystem Service Functions in the Water-level-Fluctuation Zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir

三峡水库消落区生态系统服务功能变化格局研究

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[1]	WANG Wei, XIA Yuxuan. Spatial Distribution Characteristics of PM_2.5 in Urban Block Based on Remote Sensing Technology and Machine Learning: Taking Binhu New District of Hefei City as an Example [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(9): 1426-1437.
[2]	OUYANG Meifeng, YIN Yuying, ZHANG Jinchen, LIU Qinglin, XIE Yinan, FANG Ping. Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Source Analysis of Heavy Metals in Typical Water Areas of Dongting Lake [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(8): 1269-1278.
[3]	WEI Yu, HU Ying, LI Xiaozhen, LIAO Jiapei, FU Ruiyu, HU Zhongmin, YANG Yue. Spatial Pattern of Net Primary Productivity and Asymmetric Response of Precipitation in Global Grassland Ecosystems [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(12): 1827-1836.
[4]	DONG Zhijin, ZHANG Chengchun, ZHAN Xiuli, ZHANG Weifu. Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Soil Nutrients of Biological Soil Crusts and Their Underlying Soil of Sandy Land in the East of Yellow River in Ningxia [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(5): 910-919.
[5]	YANG Chunliang, LIU Minxia, WANG Qianyue, MIAO Lele, XIAO Yindi, WANG Min. Spatial Pattern and Correlation of Populations of Anemone rivularis and Kobresia myosuroides under Single-household Management and Multi-household Management Grazing Patterns [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(4): 651-659.
[6]	WU Yarui, WANG Meijing, WANG Tao, YANG Meihuan. Effect of COVID-19 on Temporal and Spatial Distribution of NO₂ Concentration and Socio-Economic Life: A Case Study of Shaanxi Province [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(3): 514-524.
[7]	LI Shuting, HU Guanjiu, LUO Xiaosan. Sources, Spatial-temporal Distribution, and Health Risks of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the Atmospheric Environment: A Review [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(12): 2103-2114.
[8]	CHEN Minyi, SONG Qingmei, YE Quanyun, YOU Xuerui, WU Yingxin. Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals in a Brownfield Site of Metal Manufacture in Southern China [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(12): 2228-2235.
[9]	LIU Mingyu, ZHENG Xu, QIANG Liyuan, LI Luhua, ZHANG Ruoyu, WANG Jiaping. Analysis on the Change of Agricultural Film Usage and the Pollution of Agricultural Film Microplastics in China during Years from 1994 to 2020 [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(11): 2050-2061.
[10]	WU Shengyi, WANG Fei, XU Ganjun, MA Hao, DANG Yujie, WU Fei. Study on Forest Carbon Storage and Spatial Distribution in the Alpine Gorge Region of Northwest Sichuan: Take Sichuan Luoxu Nature Reserve as An Example [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(9): 1735-1744.
[11]	LI Xiuhua, ZHAO Ling, TENG Ying, LUO Yongming, HUANG Biao, LIU Chong, LIU Benle, ZHAO Qiguo. Characteristics, Spatial Distribution and Risk Assessment of Combined Mercury and Cadmium Pollution in Farmland Soils Surrounding Mercury Mining Areas in Guizhou [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(8): 1629-1636.
[12]	WEN Zhifeng, WEI Shiguang, LI Lin, YE Wanhui, LIAN Juyu. Spatial Distribution Patterns and Spatial Associations of Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest Plants in Tropical South Asia at Different Taxonomic Levels [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(3): 440-450.
[13]	LIU Di, SU Chao, ZHANG Hong, QIN Guanyu. Pollution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in A Typical Coal-based Industrial Cluster Zone [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(2): 391-399.
[14]	ZHANG Kaiyue, LIU Zhenghui, WANG Yanhao, WANG Jingkuan, CUI Dejie, LIU Xinwei. Risk Assessment and Spatial Characteristics of PAHs in Soils in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(11): 2198-2205.
[15]	LIU Chang, LUO Yanli, LIU Chentong, ZHENG Yuhong, CHAO Bo, DONG Lele. Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Arsenic in Groundwater and Cropland Soil in the Lower Reaches of Kuitun River [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(10): 2070-2078.