Abstract:

Aquatic plant ecological restoration technology, a simple, low-cost and eco-friendly phytoremediation technology, has been widely used in water purification and ecological restoration. However, the selection of aquatic plants is still difficult in practical engineering application because of wide varieties about plants, which could result in poor growth, low purification efficiency, and low resource utilization potential of aquatic plants. Therefore, three indicators of aquatic plants, including the function, growth characteristics and biomass utilization potential, are proposed for water purification and ecological restoration. The ability of water purification and ecological restoration are the core functional indicators. Specifically, the ability of water purification should be considered in terms of promoting sedimentation of suspended solids, increasing oxygen, inhibiting algae growth, absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus, enhancing degradation of organic pollutants, and promoting sorption and precipitation of heavy metals. The ability of ecological restoration can be assessed by the construction ability of aquatic plant community, providing food and shelter for aquatic animals, and ecological risk. Growth characteristics of aquatic plants, the basic index to be considered according to water environment conditions, such as water depth, temperature, and pH. The water purification potential and long-term remediation effect should be evaluated according to plant biomass, growth rate, tissue for nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and accumulation, and anchoring ability, which also should be considered during plant management. Last but not least, the resource utilization potential of aquatic plants, particularly the resource utilization strategy, is another indicator that should be taken into account for guiding the harvesting management and achieving economic value. This review provides an index system for selecting aquatic plants in water purification and ecological restoration.

Key words: aquatic plants, water purification, ecological restoration, index system, growth characteristics, resource utilization

摘要：

水生植物水体修复技术是一种操作简单、成本低且生态友好的环境修复方式,已被广泛用于水质净化和生态修复中。但由于水生植物的种类繁多,目前选择水生植物存在一定盲目性,而其不当选择会导致植物长势不佳、净化效率低、资源化利用潜力低等问题。因此,文章构建了水质净化与生态修复植物优选指标体系。在优选植物时,应根据功能、生长特性和生物量资源化利用3个方面考虑适用度。其中,功能指标是需要关注的核心指标,包括水质净化能力和生态修复能力,分别可从促进悬浮物沉降、水体增氧、藻类抑制、氮磷吸收及蓄积、促进有机物污染物降解、重金属吸附沉淀能力方面,以及水生植物的群落构建能力、提高水生动物多样性能力、生态风险方面进行衡量。生长特性指标是植物生长的基础指标,在修复工作之初首先需要根据水体水深、水温和pH条件选定适宜生长的水生植物,此外生物量、生长速率、营养吸收部位和锚定能力等指标可用于判定植物净化潜力及长效修复效果,也可作为植物管控的依据。通过比较水生植物的资源化利用潜力,可选择具有附加经济效应的植物,以利于收割管理水生植物并实现其经济价值。该文可为生态修复工程中水生植物的优选工作提供理论基础。

关键词: 水生植物, 指标体系, 水质净化, 生态修复, 生长特性, 资源化利用