Response of Vegetation Gross Primary Productivity to Drought in the Gonghe Basin

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.04.002

Ecology and Environmental Sciences ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 509-519.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.04.002

• Research Article [Ecology] • Previous Articles Next Articles

Response of Vegetation Gross Primary Productivity to Drought in the Gonghe Basin

LU Hao¹^,²(), CAO Guangchao¹^,²^,³^,^*(), SU Wanfeng¹^,², ZHAO Meiliang¹^,², XUE Feng¹^,²

¹ Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Processes of Qinghai Province/School of Geographical Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810001, P. R. China
² Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation, Xining 810001, P. R. China
³ Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Provincial People’s Government-Beijing Normal University, Xining 810001, P. R. China

Received:2025-09-04 Revised:2026-03-07 Accepted:2026-03-10 Online:2026-04-18 Published:2026-04-14

共和盆地植被总初级生产力对干旱的响应

鲁濠¹^,²(), 曹广超¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 苏万峰¹^,², 赵美亮¹^,², 薛峰¹^,²

¹ 青海师范大学地理科学学院/青海省自然地理与环境过程重点实验室，青海西宁 810001
² 青藏高原地表过程与生态保育教育部重点实验室，青海西宁 810001
³ 青海省人民政府-北京师范大学高原科学与可持续发展研究院，青海西宁 810001

通讯作者: *E-mail: caoguangchao@qhnu.edu.cn
作者简介:鲁濠（2001年生），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为遥感与地理信息系统应用。E-mail: 494960590@qq.com
基金资助:
青海省重大科技专项(2021-SF-A7-1);青海自然地理与环境过程重点实验室(2020-ZJ-Y06)

Abstract

Abstract:

The Gonghe Basin, situated in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, serves as the core area of the Hainan State National Innovation Demonstration Zone for Sustainable Development Agenda, faces significant vegetation growth constraints due to drought, which underscored the necessity of exploring vegetation-drought response mechanisms for regional ecosystem sustainability. Utilizing Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) data from 2001 to 2021, this study systematically investigated vegetation-drought interactions through Theil-Sen Median trend analysis, Mann-Kendall testing, and Pearson correlation analysis. The results revealed distinct spatial heterogeneity in GPP, with higher values observed in marginal zones and lower values in the central basin, alongside a 63.45% overall GPP increase during 2001-2021, except for minor declines in limited eastern margins. SPEI dynamics exhibited moderate fluctuations (annual mean: −0.27 to 0.73) during 2001-2010 under relatively humid conditions, followed by intensified drought events after 2011, with SPEI declining sharply to its lowest value in 2021. Vegetation exhibited prolonged recovery patterns, as dominant drought response lag times clustered at 9 and 11 months. Altitude-dependent cumulative effects were identified: low-elevation vegetation displayed delayed drought impacts at 9- and 12-month intervals, indicating lower sensitivity, while high-elevation areas showed a 6-month cumulative effect with negative correlations, suggesting snowmelt-regulated drought sensitivity. These findings highlighted spatiotemporal differentiation in drought-vegetation interactions and provided critical insights for ecological restoration strategies and early-warning systems in vulnerable plateau ecosystems.

Key words: drought, gross primary productivity (GPP), vegetation response, Gonghe Basin

摘要：

共和盆地位于青藏高原东北部，是“海南州可持续发展议程创新示范区”的核心区域，揭示植被对干旱的响应机制有助于区域生态系统可持续保护与恢复。该研究基于2001－2021年共和盆地总初级生产力（GPP）和标准化降水蒸散指数（SPEI）数据，采用Theil-Sen Median趋势分析、Mann-Kendall检验及Pearson相关分析，探究植被对干旱的响应特征。结果表明，1）共和盆地GPP空间异质性显著，整体呈“边缘高、中部低”的分布格局，2001－2021年GPP总体增长63.45%，东部少量区域呈下降趋势。2）2001－2010年SPEI波动较小，整体偏湿润；2011年后干旱事件增多，SPEI呈下降波动趋势，并于2021年达到最低值。3）多数植被对干旱的滞后响应时间集中在9和11个月，表明干旱后植被恢复具有明显时滞特征。4）低海拔地区植被对干旱的累积效应集中在9和12个月，敏感性相对较低；高海拔地区累积效应为6个月且呈负相关，反映其干旱响应过程受冰雪融水调控。研究结果揭示了干旱胁迫下共和盆地植被响应的时空分异特征，为高原生态脆弱区植被恢复与干旱预警提供依据。

关键词: 干旱, 总初级生产力, 植被响应, 共和盆地

CLC Number:

Q948
X173

LU Hao, CAO Guangchao, SU Wanfeng, ZHAO Meiliang, XUE Feng. Response of Vegetation Gross Primary Productivity to Drought in the Gonghe Basin[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2026, 35(4): 509-519.

鲁濠, 曹广超, 苏万峰, 赵美亮, 薛峰. 共和盆地植被总初级生产力对干旱的响应[J]. 生态环境学报, 2026, 35(4): 509-519.

Figures/Tables 11

Figure 1 The location of Gonghe Basin

Figure 2 Trends of GPP and SPEI in the Gonghe Basin from 2001 to 2021

Figure 3 Gonghe Basin GPP: Multi-year mean and trend

Figure 4 Interannual changes in vegetation coverage in the Gonghe Basin

Figure 5 Spatial distribution of multi-year mean SPEI and trend in the Gonghe Basin

Figure 6 Maximum lag months and correlation coefficients between vegetation and SPEI in the Gonghe Basin

Figure 7 Pixel proportion distribution of elevation-based lag months in the Gonghe Basin

Figure 8 Time-lag effects between major land types and SPEI index in the Gonghe Basin

Figure 9 Maximum response lag time and correlation coefficients of vegetation to SPEI in the Gonghe Basin

Figure 10 Pixel proportion distribution of elevation-based lag months in the Gonghe Basin

Figure 11 Distribution of correlation coefficients under different lag months and cumulative months

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Response of Vegetation Gross Primary Productivity to Drought in the Gonghe Basin

共和盆地植被总初级生产力对干旱的响应

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