Occurrence, Distribution and Ecological Risk of Antibiotics in Sediments and Soils over the Four Areas Below the Heihe-Tengchong Line of China

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.05.015

Ecology and Environment ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 1023-1033.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.05.015

• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles

Occurrence, Distribution and Ecological Risk of Antibiotics in Sediments and Soils over the Four Areas Below the Heihe-Tengchong Line of China

XIE Xudong¹^,²(), HOU Zhihao¹, LI Nan¹^,²^,^*(), YUE Cuixia¹, LI Ya¹, YANG Fangshe¹

1. Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
2. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi’an 710127, China

Received:2020-07-28 Online:2021-05-18 Published:2021-08-06
Contact: LI Nan

中国胡焕庸线下方四区域沉积物和土壤中抗生素污染特征及生态风险评价

解旭东¹^,²(), 侯智昊¹, 李楠¹^,²^,^*(), 岳翠霞¹, 李雅¹, 杨方社¹

1.西北大学城市与环境学院,陕西西安 710127
2.陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室,陕西西安 710127

通讯作者: 李楠
作者简介:解旭东（1995年生）,男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为环境中抗生素的分布与风险评价。E-mail:jiexudong@stumail.nwu.edu.cn
基金资助:
陕西省自然科学基金项目(2018JQ5151);陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(18JK0787)

Abstract

Abstract:

The abuse of antibiotics has been contributing to ecological issues globally. Identifying the pollution distribution and risk levels of antibiotics in sediments and soils has important theoretical significance for understand the migration and transformation in complex environment media, risk management and control of antibiotics. Based on a comprehensive literature study, 13 types of antibiotics in 4 categories were screened out. The monitoring data of antibiotics in sediments and soils in the four regions south of the Hu Huanyong line in China was extracted and integrated from the literature to analyze the levels and the spatial distribution of antibiotics. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used for source analysis, and its ecological risk was evaluated. The results showed that the average levels of antibiotics in sediment and soil were 1.28 and 1.48 mg∙kg^-1, respectively, which were higher than the threshold of the ecological toxic effects of antibiotics in the soil. The distribution of antibiotics in sediment and soil exhibited obvious regional characteristics. The areas with the highest pollution levels were North China and East China. Tetracycline was the antibiotics with the highest level in sediment and soil. The PCA results showed that the levels of antibiotics in sediment and soil were affected by three sources. The discharge of domestic sewage and pharmaceutical wastewater exerted the greatest impact on the antibiotics in the sediment, with a relative contribution rate of 60.01%. The antibiotics in the soil originated from sewage irrigation, the application of sludge and livestock manure, and other activities, the cumulative contribution rate being 77.9%. Risk assessment results indicated that the ecological risk of most antibiotics in the four regions was at a low-risk level, and tetracycline antibiotics were at relatively high risk levels in all regions. The Risk Quotients of oxytetracycline in the sediment were the highest, and the chlortetracycline and ofloxacin in soils were at a high/medium-risk level. Except in North China, the combined ecological risks of antibiotics in sediments in other regions were lower than that in soils.

Key words: Heihe-Tengchong Line, antibiotics, sediments and soils, spatial distribution, ecological risk assessment

摘要：

抗生素大量滥用已逐渐引起全球性生态问题,研究沉积物和土壤抗生素的污染分布及生态风险,对理解抗生素在复杂环境介质中的迁移转化及其风险管理和控制具有重要的理论意义。基于全面的文献研究,筛选出4大类共13种抗生素作为研究对象,整合从文献中提取的中国胡焕庸线下方四区域中沉积物和土壤中抗生素的监测数据成果,分析其污染水平、空间分布特征,采用主成分分析法（PCA）进行源解析,并评价了其生态风险。研究结果表明,研究区域内沉积物和土壤中抗生素的平均含量分别为1.28 mg∙kg^-1和1.48 mg∙kg^-1,均高于土壤中抗生素生态毒害效应的阈值。沉积物和土壤中抗生素的分布具有明显的地域特征,污染水平最高的区域分别为华北和华东地区,四环素类抗生素是两种环境介质中污染量最高的抗生素。PCA解析结果表明沉积物和土壤中的抗生素水平分别受3种来源的共同影响,其中,生活污水及制药废水排放对沉积物中抗生素影响最大,相对贡献率为60.01%,土壤抗生素来自污水灌溉、污泥及畜禽粪肥施用等活动,累积贡献率为77.9%。风险评价结果表明研究区域内大部分抗生素的生态风险处于低风险水平,四环素类抗生素在各区域都具有相对较高的风险水平。沉积物中土霉素的风险熵值最高,土壤中金霉素和氧氟沙星处于高/中等风险水平。除华北区域外,其余区域沉积物中抗生素的联合生态风险均低于土壤。

关键词: 胡焕庸线, 抗生素, 沉积物和土壤, 空间分布, 生态风险评估

CLC Number:

XIE Xudong, HOU Zhihao, LI Nan, YUE Cuixia, LI Ya, YANG Fangshe. Occurrence, Distribution and Ecological Risk of Antibiotics in Sediments and Soils over the Four Areas Below the Heihe-Tengchong Line of China[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(5): 1023-1033.

解旭东, 侯智昊, 李楠, 岳翠霞, 李雅, 杨方社. 中国胡焕庸线下方四区域沉积物和土壤中抗生素污染特征及生态风险评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(5): 1023-1033.

Figures/Tables 9

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所属类别 Category	抗生素名称 Antibiotics	缩写 Abbreviation	CAS号 No.CAS	使用类别 Utilization	敏感物种/推导方式 Sensitive species/derivation	logK_ow	PNEC_wate/ (ng∙L^-1)	参考文献 Reference
磺胺类 Sulfonamides (SAs)	磺胺嘧啶 Sulfadiazine	SDZ	68-35-9	common	S. capricornutum	-0.09	2200	Wang et al., 2017
	磺胺甲噻二唑 Sulfamethizole	SMZ	144-82-1	common	NOEC of chronic toxicity	0.54	10000	魏晓东, 2018 (Wei, 2018)
	磺胺甲恶唑 Sulfamethoxazole	SMX	723-46-6	human	NOEC of chronic toxicity	0.89	10000	魏晓东, 2018 (Wei, 2018)
	甲氧苄啶 Trimethoprim	TMP	738-70-5	human	NOEC of chronic toxicity	0.91	160000	魏晓东, 2018 (Wei, 2018)
四环素类 Tetracyclines (TCs)	土霉素 Oxytetracycline	OTC	79-57-2	common	NOEC of chronic toxicity	-0.9	50000	魏晓东, 2018 (Wei, 2018)
	四环素 Tetracycline	TC	60-54-8	common	NOEC of chronic toxicity	-1.3	44000	魏晓东, 2018 (Wei, 2018)
	金霉素 Chlortetracycline	CTC	57-62-5	veterinary	C. pyrenoidosa	-0.62	9310	武旭跃等, 2016 (Wu et al., 2016)
氟喹诺酮类 Fluoroquinolones (FQs)	诺氟沙星 Norfloxacin	NOR	70458-96-7	common	Selenastrum reinsch	-1.03	48300	张姚姚等, 2018 (Zhang et al., 2018)
	环丙沙星 Ciprofloxacin	CIP	85721-33-1	human	Platymonas subcordiformis	0.28	28700	张姚姚等, 2018 (Zhang et al., 2018)
	氧氟沙星 Ofloxacin	OFL	82419-36-1	common	Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata	-0.39	1080	赵腾辉等, 2016 (Zhao et al., 2016)
	恩诺沙星 Enrofloxacin	ENR	93106-60-6	common	Platymonas subcordiformis	0.7	19800	张姚姚等, 2018 (Zhang et al., 2018)
大环内酯类 Macrolides (MCs)	罗红霉素 Roxithromycin	ROX	80214-83-1	human	NOEC of chronic toxicity	2.75	100	魏晓东, 2018 (Wei, 2018)
大环内酯类 Macrolides (MCs)	红霉素 Erythromycin	ERY	114-07-8	common	NOEC of chronic toxicity	3.06	103	魏晓东, 2018 (Wei, 2018)

所属类别 Category	抗生素名称 Antibiotics	缩写 Abbreviation	CAS号 No.CAS	使用类别 Utilization	敏感物种/推导方式 Sensitive species/derivation	logK_ow	PNEC_wate/ (ng∙L^-1)	参考文献 Reference
磺胺类 Sulfonamides (SAs)	磺胺嘧啶 Sulfadiazine	SDZ	68-35-9	common	S. capricornutum	-0.09	2200	Wang et al., 2017
	磺胺甲噻二唑 Sulfamethizole	SMZ	144-82-1	common	NOEC of chronic toxicity	0.54	10000	魏晓东, 2018 (Wei, 2018)
	磺胺甲恶唑 Sulfamethoxazole	SMX	723-46-6	human	NOEC of chronic toxicity	0.89	10000	魏晓东, 2018 (Wei, 2018)
	甲氧苄啶 Trimethoprim	TMP	738-70-5	human	NOEC of chronic toxicity	0.91	160000	魏晓东, 2018 (Wei, 2018)
四环素类 Tetracyclines (TCs)	土霉素 Oxytetracycline	OTC	79-57-2	common	NOEC of chronic toxicity	-0.9	50000	魏晓东, 2018 (Wei, 2018)
	四环素 Tetracycline	TC	60-54-8	common	NOEC of chronic toxicity	-1.3	44000	魏晓东, 2018 (Wei, 2018)
	金霉素 Chlortetracycline	CTC	57-62-5	veterinary	C. pyrenoidosa	-0.62	9310	武旭跃等, 2016 (Wu et al., 2016)
氟喹诺酮类 Fluoroquinolones (FQs)	诺氟沙星 Norfloxacin	NOR	70458-96-7	common	Selenastrum reinsch	-1.03	48300	张姚姚等, 2018 (Zhang et al., 2018)
	环丙沙星 Ciprofloxacin	CIP	85721-33-1	human	Platymonas subcordiformis	0.28	28700	张姚姚等, 2018 (Zhang et al., 2018)
	氧氟沙星 Ofloxacin	OFL	82419-36-1	common	Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata	-0.39	1080	赵腾辉等, 2016 (Zhao et al., 2016)
	恩诺沙星 Enrofloxacin	ENR	93106-60-6	common	Platymonas subcordiformis	0.7	19800	张姚姚等, 2018 (Zhang et al., 2018)
大环内酯类 Macrolides (MCs)	罗红霉素 Roxithromycin	ROX	80214-83-1	human	NOEC of chronic toxicity	2.75	100	魏晓东, 2018 (Wei, 2018)
大环内酯类 Macrolides (MCs)	红霉素 Erythromycin	ERY	114-07-8	common	NOEC of chronic toxicity	3.06	103	魏晓东, 2018 (Wei, 2018)

抗生素 Antibiotics	沉积物主成分 Principal components in sediments			土壤中主成分 Principal components in soil
抗生素 Antibiotics	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC1’	PC2’	PC3’
SDZ	0.997	0.038	-0.03	0.021	0.316	-0.104
SMZ	0.451	0.772	0.184	-0.024	0.174	0.023
SMX	0.073	-0.056	-0.427	-0.021	0.292	0.02
TMP	0.996	0.05	-0.026	0.046	0.315	-0.083
OTC	0.958	0.011	0.276	-0.037	-0.02	0.336
TC	0.709	-0.027	0.668	0.052	0.059	0.283
CTC	0.705	0.745	0.132	-0.077	-0.086	0.354
NOR	0.996	0.048	0.038	0.266	-0.001	-0.092
CIP	0.996	0.058	0.006	0.291	0.017	-0.079
OFL	0.99	0.11	-0.02	0.234	-0.003	0.056
ENR	-0.187	0.818	-0.169	0.202	-0.106	0.085
ROX	0.996	0.062	-0.014	0.217	0.013	-0.251
ERY	0.069	-0.001	0.966	-	-	-
Variance contribution ratio	60.01	13.77	12.03	34.07	27.76	16.07
Cumulative variance contribution ratio	60.01	73.78	86.08	34.07%	61.83	77.90

抗生素 Antibiotics	沉积物主成分 Principal components in sediments			土壤中主成分 Principal components in soil
抗生素 Antibiotics	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC1’	PC2’	PC3’
SDZ	0.997	0.038	-0.03	0.021	0.316	-0.104
SMZ	0.451	0.772	0.184	-0.024	0.174	0.023
SMX	0.073	-0.056	-0.427	-0.021	0.292	0.02
TMP	0.996	0.05	-0.026	0.046	0.315	-0.083
OTC	0.958	0.011	0.276	-0.037	-0.02	0.336
TC	0.709	-0.027	0.668	0.052	0.059	0.283
CTC	0.705	0.745	0.132	-0.077	-0.086	0.354
NOR	0.996	0.048	0.038	0.266	-0.001	-0.092
CIP	0.996	0.058	0.006	0.291	0.017	-0.079
OFL	0.99	0.11	-0.02	0.234	-0.003	0.056
ENR	-0.187	0.818	-0.169	0.202	-0.106	0.085
ROX	0.996	0.062	-0.014	0.217	0.013	-0.251
ERY	0.069	-0.001	0.966	-	-	-
Variance contribution ratio	60.01	13.77	12.03	34.07	27.76	16.07
Cumulative variance contribution ratio	60.01	73.78	86.08	34.07%	61.83	77.90

Occurrence, Distribution and Ecological Risk of Antibiotics in Sediments and Soils over the Four Areas Below the Heihe-Tengchong Line of China

中国胡焕庸线下方四区域沉积物和土壤中抗生素污染特征及生态风险评价

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