生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 1923-1930.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.12.010

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇    下一篇

广东省典型淡水水产养殖尾水治理技术模式污染物去除效果对比研究

邹耀1,2,3(), 张凯1,2, 张兆威1,2   

  1. 1.广东省环境科学学会,广东 广州 510045
    2.广州市生态环境科技协同创新中心,广东 广州 510045
    3.华南理工大学,广东 广州 510006
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-16 出版日期:2024-12-18 发布日期:2024-12-31
  • 作者简介:邹耀(1981年生),男,高级工程师,硕士,主要研究方向为水环境治理。E-mail: 13922258943@139.com
  • 基金资助:
    广东省生态环境厅技术服务项目(440001-2021-29746)

Comparative Study on Pollutant Removal Effect of Typical Freshwater Aquaculture Tail Water Treatment Technology Model in Guangdong Province

ZOU Yao1,2,3(), ZHANG Kai1,2, ZHANG Zhaowei1,2   

  1. 1. Guangdong Society of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou 510045, P. R. China
    2. Guangzhou Eco-environmental Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510045, P. R. China
    3. South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
  • Received:2024-10-16 Online:2024-12-18 Published:2024-12-31

摘要:

广东省是淡水水产养殖大省,全省养殖尾水治理技术呈现多样化,但缺乏对各技术污染物去除效率的对比研究,导致养殖企业在进行尾水治理技术筛选时不能有效的识别最优的处理技术模式。围绕三池两坝、三池一坝、淡水高位池养殖-温室鱼菜共生处理模式、跑道式处理模式、生态调蓄回用塘5种主要应用在广东的淡水水产养殖尾水治理模式,通过实地调研全省8个地市共25个淡水鱼池,进行采样分析,评估各处理模式对氮磷、COD的去除效果,并选取5家进水水质相对较差的鱼池,对比分析5种处理模式的污染物去除效率。通过检测得出5种处理模式均能有效的去除尾水中氮磷、CODMn等污染物,实现尾水达标排放;通过对比分析得出三池两坝,对污染物的去除效率最为突出,其中对氨氮、总氮、CODMn的去除效率分别达到76.6%、77.4%和44.4%,排名第一,对总磷的去除率达到35.3%,排名第三;同时,相比较于其他4种治理模式,三池两坝尾水治理模式还具有占地面积小、建设投资费用低、运维管理简单等优点,综合评比去除效果最优,可作为常规淡水水产养殖尾水治理模式进行推广应用。

关键词: 广东, 淡水水产养殖, 尾水治理, 技术模式, 去除率, 对比分析

Abstract:

Guangdong Province has a well-developed freshwater aquaculture industry. The aquaculture wastewater treatment technologies in the province are diverse. However, there is a lack of comparative research on the pollutant removal efficiencies of various technologies, leading to the inability of enterprises to effectively identify an optimal model for screening treatment technologies for aquaculture wastewater. This study focuses on five freshwater aquaculture wastewater treatment modes commonly used in Guangdong province: three pond and two dam treatment modes, three pond and one dam treatment mode, freshwater elevated pond culture-greenhouse aquaponic treatment mode, runway treatment mode, and ecological regulation/storage and reuse pond treatment modes. Through an in situ investigation of 25 freshwater fishponds in eight cities in the province, sampling and analysis were conducted to evaluate the removal effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and COD under each treatment mode. Five fishponds with relatively poor influent water quality were selected for comparison of the five treatment modes. The results showed that, under all five treatment modes, nitrogen, phosphorus, CODMn, and other pollutants were effectively removed, meeting the discharge standard. Through comparative analysis, it was concluded that the removal efficiencies of pollutants in the three pools and two dam treatment modes were the most prominent, with the removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and CODMn reaching 76.6%, 77.4%, and 44.4%, respectively, ranking first place among the five treatment modes. The TP removal rate of total phosphorus reached 35.3%, ranking third among the five treatment modes. Compared with the other four treatment modes, the three-pond and two-dam treatment modes have the advantages of smaller footprints, low investment, and simple operation and maintenance. Comprehensive pollutant removal performance, which is a conventional treatment model that deserves popularization for freshwater aquaculture wastewater treatment, has demonstrated superior efficacy.

Key words: Guangdong, freshwater aquaculture, tailwater treatment, technical model, removal rate, comparative analysis

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