生态环境学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (1): 1-5.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2017.01.001

• 院士论坛 •    下一篇

中国探索实行耕地轮作休耕制度试点问题的战略思考

赵其国1, 滕应1, 黄国勤2   

  1. 1.中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏 南京 210008
    2.江西农业大学生态科学研究中心,江西 南昌 330045
  • 收稿日期:2017-01-09 出版日期:2017-01-18 发布日期:2017-05-22
  • 作者简介:赵其国（1930年生）,男,研究员,著名土壤学家,中国科学院院士,博士生导师。曾任中国土壤学会理事长,国际土壤学会盐渍土委员会主席,国际土壤学会土壤环境委员会第一副主席,国际山地研究中心理事,江苏省和南京市科协副主席。长期从事中国及世界土壤地理与土壤资源研究。在热带土壤发生上,首次明确提出中国红壤具有古风化过程及现代红壤化过程两种对立统一的理论。提出“土壤圈”研究的新方向,主持建立了“土壤圈物质循环开放实验室”。提出南方红壤分区整治、退化土壤改良以及土壤生态与环境评价的多种规划与开发方案。曾建议并参与国家“土壤质量”及“东南环境质量”等“973”研究项目,参与农业与环境、生态可持续发展、农业清洁生产等重大问题的咨询和研究。2008─2011年参与“中国至2050年农业科技发展路线图”研究并担任组长。近年来提出了发展中国“生态高值农业”的理念与建议。曾获中国科学院竺可祯奖、国际道库恰也夫奖、第四届日经亚洲大奖等国际、国家及中国科学院奖共20次。发表专著21本,论文400余篇。已培养研究生100多名。

Consideration about Exploring Pilot Program of Farmland Rotation and Fallow System in China

ZHAO Qiguo1, TENG Ying1, HUANG Guoqin2   

  1. 1. Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
    2. Research Center on Ecological Science, Jiangxi Agricultural Univeraity, Nanchang 330045, China
  • Received:2017-01-09 Online:2017-01-18 Published:2017-05-22

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摘要：

耕地是粮食生产的根本和载体。近年来,在中国粮食连年增产的同时,耕地资源环境面临着多重挑战,高强度利用和长期高负荷运转使耕地得不到休养生息,耕地地力严重透支,耕地质量退化、耕地污染尤为突出,严重制约了中国农业可持续发展。科学推进耕地轮作休耕制度,提升耕地综合生产能力,是探索藏粮于地、藏粮于技的具体实现途径,对推动中国农业绿色发展和保障国家粮食安全具有重要战略意义。文章在剖析国内外耕地轮作休耕实践与发展的基础上,战略性地提出了探索实行耕地轮作休耕制度试点问题的研究重点和目标,包括调研中国重点关注区域适于轮作休耕的耕地资源现状与区划,探讨重点关注区域耕地实施轮作休耕的技术路径、建立重点区域耕地轮作休耕制度试点体制机制等。为实现“十三五”国家农业转型发展,保障粮食生产能力和国家粮食安全提供重要咨询建议。

关键词: 耕地资源, 轮作休耕, 技术模式, 体制机制, 试点工作

Abstract:

Farmland is fundamental to grain production. Recently, as the grain output increased year by year, resources and environment faced with multiple challenges. The farmland is high-intensity used, seriously overdrawn, deteriorated, and polluted, which severely restrict the agricultural sustainable development in China. It is a specific way to realize the implementation of a food crop production strategy based on farmland management and the application of technology by carrying out farmland rotation and fallow system to expand overall farmland production capacity, which has a strategic significance on promoting the development of green agriculture and guaranteeing national food security. This paper analyses the advancements and practices on farmland rotation and fallow system in and abroad, and put forward the research priorities and objectives on exploring pilot program of farmland rotation and fallow system. Including investigating farmland resources and regionalization suitable for rotation and fallow in key areas, discussing technological approaches to implement farmland rotation and fallow system in key areas, and establishing systems and mechanisms for exploring pilot program of farmland rotation and fallow system. All is to provide consultation for realizing agricultural transition in the 13th Five-Year Plan and assuring grain production capacity and national food security.

Key words: farmland resources, farmland rotation and fallow, technological model, system and mechanism, pilot program

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