洞庭湖生态经济区国土空间格局演变的碳储量效应及驱动因素研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.11.002

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 1672-1685.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.11.002

洞庭湖生态经济区国土空间格局演变的碳储量效应及驱动因素研究

罗光浴¹(), 王志远²^,^*

1.南华大学松霖建筑与设计艺术学院，湖南衡阳 421001
2.中南林业科技大学风景园林学院，湖南长沙 410004

收稿日期:2024-06-28 出版日期:2024-11-18 发布日期:2024-12-06
通讯作者: *王志远。
作者简介:罗光浴（2000年生），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为国土空间规划。E-mail: 409642089@qq.com
基金资助:
湖南省自然科学基金项目(2023JJ31012);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目优秀青年项目(23B0246)

Research on the Carbon Storage Effect and Driving Factors of the Evolution of Territorial Space Pattern in Dongting Lake Ecological and Economic Zone

LUO Guangyu¹(), WANG Zhiyuan²^,^*

1. College of Architecture and Design Art, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, P. R. China
2. College of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China

Received:2024-06-28 Online:2024-11-18 Published:2024-12-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

国土空间是生态文明建设的空间载体，揭示区域国土空间格局演变的生态系统碳储量效应，对于区域国土空间格局优化与管控、实现“双碳”战略目标具有重要意义。以洞庭湖生态经济区为例，通过分析1990－2020年区域国土空间格局演变特征，运用InVEST模型、国土空间碳储量贡献率与潜在影响指数，采用最优参数地理探测器，揭示区域国土空间格局演变的生态系统碳储量效应及碳储量空间分异的驱动因素。结果表明，1）1990－2020年洞庭湖生态经济区国土空间类型以农业生产空间与林地生态空间为主，二者面积占研究区总面积的75%以上；研究期内，不同国土空间类型动态度存在显著差异，总体上表现为农业生产空间与草地生态空间的缩减，以及工矿生产空间与城镇生活空间的扩张。2）1990－2020年洞庭湖生态经济区碳储量呈波动减少趋势，30年间共减少8.58×10⁶ t，农业生产空间与水域生态空间、林地生态空间之间的相互转化是导致碳储量变化的主要原因；区域碳储量整体上呈现出“西部、西南部与东南部高，中部与东北部低”的空间分布格局。国土空间格局演变对区域碳储量服务表现为正向潜在影响，且正向潜在影响在不断减弱，碳储量服务脆弱性在不断降低。3）1990－2020年洞庭湖生态经济区碳储量时空分异是自然要素与社会经济要素综合作用的结果，生境质量与高程为主要驱动因子，且各驱动因子间的交互作用均呈现双因子增强和非线性增强作用。研究结果可为洞庭湖生态经济区国土空间格局优化及固碳能力提升提供理论支撑。

关键词: 国土空间格局, 演变特征, 碳储量效应, 驱动因素, 洞庭湖生态经济区

Abstract:

Territorial space is the spatial carrier for the construction of ecological civilization, and revealing the effect of ecosystem carbon stock on the evolution of regional territorial space patterns is of great significance for the optimization and control of regional territorial space patterns and the realization of the goal of the “dual‐carbon” strategy. Taking the Dongting Lake Ecological and Economic Zone as an example, this study revealed the ecosystem carbon storage effect and the driving factors of the spatial differentiation of carbon storage in the evolution of regional territorial space patterns by analyzing the characteristics of the evolution of regional territorial space patterns from 1990 to 2020 and applying the InVEST model, contribution rate of carbon storage in the territorial space, potential impact index, and optimal parameter geographical detector. The results showed that 1) from 1990 to 2020, the territorial space type of the Dongting Lake Ecological and Economic Zone was dominated by agricultural production space and forest ecological space, with the area of the two accounting for more than 75% of the total study area. During the study period, there was a significant difference in the dynamic degree of the different territorial space types, which was generally manifested as the shrinkage of agricultural production spaces and grassland ecological space, as well as the expansion of industrial and mining production spaces and urban living spaces. 2) From 1990 to 2020, the carbon storage in Dongting Lake Ecological and Economic Zone showed a fluctuating decreasing trend, with a total decrease of 8.58×10⁶ t in the past 30 years, and the mutual transformation between the agricultural production space, the ecological space of watersheds, and the ecological space of forests is the main reason for the change of carbon stock; the regional carbon storage as a whole showed a spatial distribution pattern of “high in the west, southwest and southeast, and low in the central and northeastern parts”. The evolution of the territorial space pattern had a positive potential impact on the services of carbon stock in the region; the positive potential impact weakened and the vulnerability of the services of carbon storage decreases. 3) The spatial and temporal variability of carbon storage in the Dongting Lake Ecological and Economic Zone from 1990 to 2020 was the result of the combined effects of natural and socioeconomic factors. Habitat quality and elevation were the main driving factors, and the interactions among the driving factors showed two‐factor nonlinear enhancement. The results of this study can provide theoretical support for the optimization of territorial space patterns and the enhancement of carbon sequestration capacity in the Dongting Lake Ecological and Economic Zone.

Key words: Territorial space pattern, evolutionary characteristics, carbon storage effect, driving factors, Dongting Lake Ecological and Economic Zone

中图分类号:

罗光浴, 王志远. 洞庭湖生态经济区国土空间格局演变的碳储量效应及驱动因素研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(11): 1672-1685.

LUO Guangyu, WANG Zhiyuan. Research on the Carbon Storage Effect and Driving Factors of the Evolution of Territorial Space Pattern in Dongting Lake Ecological and Economic Zone[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(11): 1672-1685.

图/表 16

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国土空间分类		土地利用类型
一级空间	二级空间	土地利用类型
城镇空间	1城镇生活空间	城镇用地
城镇空间	2工矿生产空间	工矿业和交通建设用地
农业空间	3乡村生活空间	农村居民点用地
农业空间	4农业生产空间	水田、旱地
生态空间	5林地生态空间	有林地、灌木林地、疏林地、其他林地
	6草地生态空间	高覆盖度草地、中覆盖度草地、低覆盖度草地
	7水域生态空间	河渠、湖泊、水库、坑塘、滩地
	8其他生态空间	沙地、盐碱地、沼泽地、裸土地、裸岩石砾地

国土空间分类		土地利用类型
一级空间	二级空间	土地利用类型
城镇空间	1城镇生活空间	城镇用地
城镇空间	2工矿生产空间	工矿业和交通建设用地
农业空间	3乡村生活空间	农村居民点用地
农业空间	4农业生产空间	水田、旱地
生态空间	5林地生态空间	有林地、灌木林地、疏林地、其他林地
	6草地生态空间	高覆盖度草地、中覆盖度草地、低覆盖度草地
	7水域生态空间	河渠、湖泊、水库、坑塘、滩地
	8其他生态空间	沙地、盐碱地、沼泽地、裸土地、裸岩石砾地

数据类型	因子	数据来源
自然要素	X₁高程	地理空间数据云 (https://www.gscloud.cn/)
	X₂坡度	基于高程数据在ArcGIS软件计算
	X₃地形起伏度	基于高程数据在ArcGIS软件计算
	X₄年平均气温	国家青藏高原科学数据中心(http://www.tpdc.ac.cn)
	X₅年平均降水	国家青藏高原科学数据中心(http://www.tpdc.ac.cn)
	X₆归一化植被指数	中国科学院资源环境科学数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn/)
	X₇生境质量	基于InVEST模型计算
社会经济要素	X₈地均GDP	洞庭湖地区各市统计年鉴
	X₉人口密度	中国科学院资源环境科学数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn/)
	X₁₀夜间灯光指数	中国科学院资源环境科学数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn/)

数据类型	因子	数据来源
自然要素	X₁高程	地理空间数据云 (https://www.gscloud.cn/)
	X₂坡度	基于高程数据在ArcGIS软件计算
	X₃地形起伏度	基于高程数据在ArcGIS软件计算
	X₄年平均气温	国家青藏高原科学数据中心(http://www.tpdc.ac.cn)
	X₅年平均降水	国家青藏高原科学数据中心(http://www.tpdc.ac.cn)
	X₆归一化植被指数	中国科学院资源环境科学数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn/)
	X₇生境质量	基于InVEST模型计算
社会经济要素	X₈地均GDP	洞庭湖地区各市统计年鉴
	X₉人口密度	中国科学院资源环境科学数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn/)
	X₁₀夜间灯光指数	中国科学院资源环境科学数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn/)

国土空间类型	地上生物量碳密度	地下生物量碳密度	土壤碳密度	死亡有机物碳密度
城镇生活空间	0.84	1.63	35.5	0.00
工矿生产空间	0.91	1.38	30.7	0.00
乡村生活空间	2.40	1.46	42.5	0.00
农业生产空间	2.06	0.31	62.9	0.00
林地生态空间	36.1	15.7	116	1.29
草地生态空间	4.70	9.83	62.9	1.33
水域生态空间	0.00	0.00	11.2	0.00
其他生态空间	0.63	1.56	33.3	1.13

洞庭湖生态经济区国土空间格局演变的碳储量效应及驱动因素研究

Research on the Carbon Storage Effect and Driving Factors of the Evolution of Territorial Space Pattern in Dongting Lake Ecological and Economic Zone

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国土空间类型	面积/km²				动态度/%
国土空间类型	1990年	2000年	2010年	2020年	1990‒2000年	2000‒2010年	2010‒2020年	1990‒2020年
城镇生活空间	355	408	600	657	15.2	46.9	9.50	85.4
工矿生产空间	42	80.4	265	658	91.5	230	148	1.47×10³
乡村生活空间	1.1×10³	1.12×10³	1.14×10³	1.16×10³	1.45	1.79	1.93	5.26
农业生产空间	2.77×10⁴	2.75×10⁴	2.64×10⁴	2.61×10⁴	-0.95	-3.71	-1.32	-5.88
林地生态空间	2.23×10⁴	2.23×10⁴	2.22×10⁴	2.21×10⁴	-0.02	0.02	-0.69	-0.69
草地生态空间	905	904	846	847	-0.13	-6.37	0.13	-6.38
水域生态空间	7.18×10³	7.34×10³	7.76×10³	7.78×10³	2.25	5.63	0.27	8.30
其他生态空间	878	877	1.14×10³	1.15×10³	-0.09	29.8	0.64	30.5

年份	城镇空间		农业空间		生态空间				总计
年份	城镇生活空间	工矿生产空间	乡村生活空间	农业生产空间	林地生态空间	草地生态空间	水域生态空间	其他生态空间	总计
1990	1.35	0.14	5.12	181	376	7.13	8.06	3.22	581
2000	1.55	0.27	5.20	179	375	7.12	8.25	3.22	580
2010	2.28	0.87	5.29	173	376	6.66	8.71	4.17	576
2020	2.50	2.17	5.39	170	373	6.67	8.73	4.20	573
1990‒2000	0.20	0.13	0.08	-1.72	-0.07	-0.01	0.19	0.00	-1.20
2000‒2010	0.73	0.60	0.09	-6.64	0.07	-0.46	0.46	0.95	-4.20
2010‒2020	0.22	1.30	0.10	-2.28	-2.58	0.01	0.02	0.03	-3.18
1990‒2020	1.15	2.03	0.27	-10.6	-2.58	-0.46	0.67	0.98	-8.58

年份	国土空间利用强度指数	国土空间利用强度变化	总碳储量/ 10⁶t	总碳储量变化/10⁶ t	p
1990	249.38	‒	581	‒	‒
2000	249.31	-0.07	580	-1.20	17.1
2010	248.50	-0.81	576	-4.20	5.19
2020	247.85	-0.65	573	-3.18	4.89

驱动因子	1990年		2000年		2010年		2020年		1990‒2020年
驱动因子	q值	排序	q值	排序	q值	排序	q值	排序	平均q值	排序
高程 (X₁)	0.542	2	0.543	2	0.547	2	0.549	2	0.545	2
坡度 (X₂)	0.334	4	0.335	4	0.334	5	0.337	4	0.335	4
地形起伏度 (X₃)	0.339	3	0.339	3	0.342	4	0.347	3	0.342	3
年平均气温 (X₄)	0.228	7	0.326	5	0.347	3	0.309	6	0.302	5
年平均降水 (X₅)	0.237	6	0.199	8	0.222	8	0.334	5	0.248	7
归一化植被指数 (X₆)	0.113	9	0.322	6	0.186	9	0.285	7	0.226	8
生境质量 (X₇)	0.755	1	0.755	1	0.690	1	0.690	1	0.723	1
地均GDP (X₈)	0.278	5	0.269	7	0.267	6	0.261	8	0.269	6
人口密度 (X₉)	0.219	8	0.176	9	0.226	7	0.233	9	0.214	9
夜间灯光指数 (X₁₀)	0.012	10	0.015	10	0.017	10	0.020	10	0.016	10

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