福建省PM2.5-O3双高特征与天气形势影响分析

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.08.009

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 1440-1448.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.08.009

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇下一篇

福建省PM_2.5-O₃双高特征与天气形势影响分析

郑秋萍¹^,²(), 李菲¹^,², 赵芮³^,⁴, 蒋冬升⁵, 王宏³^,⁴^,^*()

1.厦门市海峡气象开放重点实验室，福建厦门 361012
2.厦门市气象台，福建厦门 361012
3.福建省灾害天气重点实验室，福建福州 350007
4.福建省气象科学研究所，福建福州 350007
5.福建省环境监测中心站，福建福州 350003

收稿日期:2023-03-10 出版日期:2023-08-18 发布日期:2023-11-08
通讯作者: *王宏。E-mail: wh1575@163.com
作者简介:郑秋萍（1984年生），女，高级工程师，硕士，从事天气预报与环境气象研究工作。E-mail: qp_zheng@163.com
基金资助:
福建省自然科学基金项目(2021J01463);福建省自然科学基金项目(2021J01453);福建省自然科学基金项目(2022J01446);福建省环保科技计划项目(2022R011)

Analysis of the Characteristics of PM_2.5-O₃ Compound Pollution and the Impact of Synoptic Weather Patterns in Fujian Province

ZHENG Qiuping¹^,²(), LI Fei¹^,², ZHAO Rui³^,⁴, JIANG Dongsheng⁵, WANG Hong³^,⁴^,^*()

1. Xiamen Key Laboratory of Straits Meteorology, Xiamen 361012, P. R. China
2. Xiamen Meteorological Bureau, Xiamen 361012, P. R. China
3. Fujian Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Fuzhou 350007, P. R. China
4. Fujian Institute of Meteorological Science, Fuzhou 350007, P. R. China
5. Fujian Environmental Monitoring Central Station, Fuzhou 350003, P. R. China

Received:2023-03-10 Online:2023-08-18 Published:2023-11-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为理清福建省天气形势对PM_2.5与O₃演变的影响，识别二者的不同趋势与特点，揭示双高过程的气象场特征，利用2015－2021年PM_2.5与O₃连续观测资料，采用统计合成、天气学诊断等方法，探究PM_2.5与O₃变化趋势、污染状况及其与主导天气形势的关系，阐明气象因素对PM_2.5与O₃（简称“PM_2.5-O₃”）双高过程的协同作用。结果表明：2015－2021年福建省PM_2.5质量浓度年均值呈明显下降趋势，超标天数从5.6 d（2015年）下降到0.3 d（2021年）。O₃日最大8 h平均（简写为O₃-8h）质量浓度的年均值呈先上升后略下降的趋势，2018年O₃超标天数为2016年的8倍以上。天气形势对PM_2.5与O₃的影响存在一致性特征，也存在差异性，2015－2021年PM_2.5质量浓度在不利天气形势下从34.9 μg?m^-3降至24.8 μg?m^-3，在有利的天气形势下从25.2 μg?m^-3降至17.5 μg?m^-3，且不利天气形势下与有利天气形势下的质量浓度差在缩小。O₃-8h质量浓度在有利的天气形势下呈现上升趋势，在中性-拉尼娜气候背景加不利天气形势下却呈略降趋势，可见近年来针对 O₃的管控措施是有一定效果的。福建省PM_2.5-O₃双高现象白天发生频率远高于夜间，协同控制最需要关注的是光化学型PM_2.5-O₃双高现象（08:00－20:00的PM_2.5-O₃双高现象），主要天气形势有两种，即2－5月锋前暖区下的静稳天气以及7－9月台风外围影响下的静稳天气；沿海代表性城市莆田市非光化学型PM_2.5-O₃双高现象（21:00至翌日07:00的PM_2.5-O₃双高现象）占比14.1%，说明加强上游区域的联防联控也是PM_2.5-O₃协同控制的关键因素之一。研究显示，近年来PM_2.5和O₃-8h浓度演变与天气形势变化有密切关系。期望研究成果能为低污染排放区域PM_2.5与O₃协同控制、污染防控效果评估奠定基础。

关键词: PM_2.5-O₃, 演变特征, 双高现象, 天气形势, 协同控制

Abstract:

In order to explore the impact of weather conditions in Fujian Province on the changes of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and Ozone (O₃), including their characteristics and differences, we have investigated observational PM_2.5 and O₃ during 2015 and 2021 based on the methods of statistical synthesis and synoptic diagnosis. Typical PM_2.5-O₃ compound pollution (PM_2.5-O₃) episodes were selected to reveal the meteorological mechanism of compound pollution. The number of PM_2.5 polluted days decreased from 5.6 days in 2015 to 0.3 days in 2021. The maximum daily 8 h average O₃ (O₃-8h) concentrations increased rapidly and then decreased slightly, and the number of annual polluted days in 2018 was more than 8 times that of 2016. The impact of synoptic weather patterns on PM_2.5 and O₃ had consistent characteristics and also differences. The PM_2.5 concentrations decreased from 34.9 μg?m^-3 to 24.8 μg?m^-3 and from 25.2 μg?m^-3 to 17.5 μg?m^-3 under unfavorable and favorable synoptic weather patterns, respectively. It was noted that O₃-8h concentrations showed an upward trend under favorable synoptic weather patterns, and decreased slightly in neutral La Nina years and unfavorable synoptic weather patterns, which proved the effectiveness of the O₃ pollution control in recent years. The frequency of PM_2.5-O₃ compound pollution in Fujian province is much higher during the day than that at night. According to observations, photochemical formation contributed most to PM_2.5-O₃ pollution, which tended to occur between 08:00 to 20:00. Photochemical reaction could be promoted when the study area was in the warm frontal area or peripheral circulation of typhoon, both of which led to more stagnant conditions. Moreover, pollution episodes could occur at night (21:00-07:00 in the next morning) without photochemical reaction in coastal city Putian, which contributed to 14.1% of all pollution episodes. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen the regional joint prevention and control mechanism. Research has shown that the evolution of PM_2.5 and O₃-8h concentrations in recent years is closely related to changes in synoptic weather patterns. The research results will assist in the regional prevention and control of PM_2.5and O_3,, and the evaluation of pollution prevention and control effects in low pollution emission areas.

Key words: PM_2.5 and O₃, variation characteristics, PM_2.5-O₃ air compound pollution, synoptic weather patterns, cooperative control

中图分类号:

郑秋萍, 李菲, 赵芮, 蒋冬升, 王宏. 福建省PM_2.5-O₃双高特征与天气形势影响分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(8): 1440-1448.

ZHENG Qiuping, LI Fei, ZHAO Rui, JIANG Dongsheng, WANG Hong. Analysis of the Characteristics of PM_2.5-O₃ Compound Pollution and the Impact of Synoptic Weather Patterns in Fujian Province[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(8): 1440-1448.

图/表 10

图1 2015－2021年福建省PM2.5质量浓度逐年变化分布图

Figure 1 Inter-annual variations of PM2.5 concentrations during 2015 to 2021 in Fujian province

图2 福建省PM2.5质量浓度统计图箱线图中白圆圈为平均值，箱内横线为中值

Figure 2 The box and whisker plot of PM2.5 concentrations in Fujian province

图3 福建省O3-8h质量浓度年均值逐年变化分布图

Figure 3 Inter-annual variations of O3-8h concentrations from 2015 to 2021 in Fujian province

图4 福建省O3-8h质量浓度统计图箱线图中白圆圈为平均值，箱内横线为中值

Figure 4 The box and whisker plot of O3-8h concentrations in Fujian province

图5 福建省不同天气形势下的PM2.5质量浓度和O3-8h质量浓度统计图箱线图中绿三角为平均值，箱内横线为中值

Figure 5 The box and whisker plot of PM2.5 and O3-8h concentrations under different synoptic weather conditions

表1 PM2.5质量浓度和O3-8h质量浓度在有利和不利天气形势下的逐年变化值

Table 1 Inter-annual variations of PM2.5 and O3-8h concentrations under favorable and unfavorable synoptic Conditions μg?m-3

年份	PM_2.5质量浓度		O₃-8h质量浓度
年份	有利天气形势	不利天气形势	有利天气形势	不利天气形势
2015	25.2	34.9	63.0	75.8
2016	22.5	33.5	61.1	77.4
2017	22.3	32.7	73.4	96.9
2018	22.2	31.8	68.0	99.7
2019	21.1	29.8	69.6	96.7
2020	18.3	23.6	73.8	93.6
2021	17.5	24.8	74.4	92.0

图6 2015－2021年福建省PM2.5-O3双高现象月变化及日变化

Figure 6 Numbers of PM2.5-O3 events during each month and the diurnal cycle during 2015?2021 in Fujian

图7 冷高压天气形势下地面气压场与850 hPa风场叠加综合图

Figure 7 The surface pressure and 850 hPa wind vectors when the study area was under the cold high ridge

图8 台风位于台湾岛不同方位的500 hPa高度场与850 hPa风场叠加综合图

Figure 8 The 500hPa geopotential height and 850 hPa wind vectors when the typhoon was located in different orientation of Taiwan

图9 锋前暖区地面气压场与风场叠加综合图

Figure 9 The surface pressure and wind vectors when the study area was in the warm frontal area

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福建省PM_2.5-O₃双高特征与天气形势影响分析

Analysis of the Characteristics of PM_2.5-O₃ Compound Pollution and the Impact of Synoptic Weather Patterns in Fujian Province

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