淹水对茶园土壤养分和微生物群落结构的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.11.007

生态环境学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (11): 1739-1748.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.11.007

淹水对茶园土壤养分和微生物群落结构的影响

梁冬霞¹(), 郜礼阳¹, 张风姬², 周巧仪¹, 黄华林¹^,³, 穆小婷⁴, 凌彩金¹^,^*()

1.广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所/广东省茶树资源创新利用重点实验室，广东广州 510640
2.英德市农业技术推广中心，广东英德 513000
3.广东鸿雁茶业有限公司，广东英德 513000
4.清远市农业科技推广服务中心（清远市农业科学研究所），广东清远 511500

收稿日期:2025-03-25 出版日期:2025-11-18 发布日期:2025-11-05
通讯作者: *E-mail: lingcaijin@163.com
作者简介:梁冬霞（1997年生），女（壮族），研究实习员，硕士，主要从事茶叶产地安全及环境质量控制研究及技术推广研究。E-mail: liangdx3407@163.com
基金资助:
以农产品为单元的广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目（茶叶产业技术体系）(2024CKTD11);鸿雁12号茶树新品种配套技术推广与应用（院长专项）(202303)

Effects of Flooding on Soil Nutrients and Microbial Community Structure in Tea Plantations

LIANG Dongxia¹(), GAO Liyang¹, ZHANG Fengji², ZHOU Qiaoyi¹, HUANG Hualin¹^,³, MU Xiaoting⁴, LING Caijin¹^,^*()

1. Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization,Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
2. Yingde Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Yingde 513000, P. R. China
3. Guangdong Hongyan Tea Industry Co., Ltd., Yingde 513000, P. R. China
4. Qingyuan Agricultural Technique Extension and Service Center, Qingyuan, Guangdong (Qingyuan Agricultural Science Research Institute), Qingyuan, P. R. China 511500

Received:2025-03-25 Online:2025-11-18 Published:2025-11-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究淹水对茶树（Camellia sinensis L.）茶园红壤土壤养分及微生物群落结构的影响，以经自然降雨淹没的茶园土壤为材料，采用田间试验，以暴雨后不同淹水时间（15、17、19、21 d）的茶园红壤为研究对象，分析淹水对土壤pH值、有机质、碱解性氮、速效钾和有效磷含量的影响，并探究淹水后土壤微生物群落结构和多样性的变化。结果表明，淹水导致茶园土壤pH值升高，而有机质、碱解性氮、速效钾和有效磷的含量降低。茶园土壤淹水后，优势细菌门是变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacterita）和绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi），优势真菌门是子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota）。此外，在门水平上，厌氧菌拟杆菌门（Bacteroides）和芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）的相对丰度随着淹水时间的延长而增加（p<0.05）。茶园土壤淹水后导致变形菌门（Proteobacteria）的相对丰度增加，而酸杆菌门（Acidobacterita）和绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）的相对丰度降低。在属水平上，茶园土壤淹水显著增加了有益菌属青霉属（Penicillium）的相对丰度并与土壤pH值呈显著正相关，增加了潜在固氮菌类群中的假丝酵母菌属（Candidatus_Solibacter）的相对丰度并与土壤pH值呈显著负相关。茶园土壤淹水显著提高了土壤pH值，增加了土壤中有益厌氧菌的丰度，但土壤养分含量降低，研究结果对未来突发暴雨天气后茶园的水分管理具有指导意义。

关键词: 茶园土壤, 淹水, 养分含量, 微生物群落结构

Abstract:

To investigate the effect of waterlogging on soil nutrients and microbial community structure in a tea plantation (Camellia sinensis L.), a field experiment was conducted using soil submerged by natural rainfall. This study focused on red soils subjected to different flooding durations (15, 17, 19, and 21 d) after heavy rainfall and analyzed the impacts of waterlogging on soil pH, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium, and available phosphorus content, as well as changes in soil microbial community structure and diversity. The results showed that flooding increased soil pH but decreased the content of organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium, and available phosphorus in the soil. Regarding microbial community structure, the dominant bacterial phyla in waterlogged tea garden soil were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, and Chloroflexi, while the dominant fungal phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. At the phylum level, the relative abundances of anaerobic Bacteroidetes and Gemmatimonadetes significantly increased with prolonged flooding (p<0.05). Flooding also increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria but decreased that of Acidobacterita and Chloroflexi. At the genus level, flooding significantly increased the relative abundance of the beneficial Penicillium, which was positively correlated with soil pH, and the potential nitrogen-fixing genus Candidatus_Solibacter, which exhibited a significant negative correlation with soil pH. This study demonstrated that flooding tea garden soils significantly elevated soil pH and enhanced the abundance of beneficial anaerobic bacteria, while reducing soil nutrient content. These findings provide important guidance for water management in tea plantations following heavy rainfall.

Key words: tea garden soil, flooding, nutrient content, microbial community structure

中图分类号:

梁冬霞, 郜礼阳, 张风姬, 周巧仪, 黄华林, 穆小婷, 凌彩金. 淹水对茶园土壤养分和微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2025, 34(11): 1739-1748.

LIANG Dongxia, GAO Liyang, ZHANG Fengji, ZHOU Qiaoyi, HUANG Hualin, MU Xiaoting, LING Caijin. Effects of Flooding on Soil Nutrients and Microbial Community Structure in Tea Plantations[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2025, 34(11): 1739-1748.

图/表 8

表1 土壤理化性质

Table 1 Basic chemical properties of soil

指标	pH值	有机质质量分数/（g·kg⁻¹）	有效磷质量分数/（mg·kg⁻¹）	速效钾质量分数/（mg·kg⁻¹）	碱解氮质量分数/（mg·kg⁻¹）
数值	5.23	34.04	69.91	172.81	150.19

图1 小区布设示意图图中“CK”表示对照组（淹水0 d），T1、T2、T3、T4分别表示淹水15、17、19和21 d的处理；每个处理均设置了3个重复

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of community layout

表2 淹水对茶园土壤理化性质的影响

Table 2 Effects of flooding on soil nutrient content in tea plantations

指标	处理
指标	CK	T1	T2	T3	T4
pH	5.08±0.01e	5.13±0.01d	5.16±0.01c	5.45±0.01b	6.24±0.01a
有机质质量分数/（g·kg⁻¹）	40.83±0.06a	39.40±0.13b	36.11±0.14c	28.72±0.13d	25.96±0.07e
碱解氮质量分数/（mg·kg⁻¹）	144.81±0.67a	132.72±0.89c	138.10±1.16b	111.89±1.16d	101.14±0.34e
有效磷质量分数/（mg·kg⁻¹）	41.01±0.11a	24.90±0.06b	14.81±0.06c	2.53±0.06e	3.14±0.03d
速效钾质量分数/（mg·kg⁻¹）	171.44±0.18a	168.07±0.33b	91.71±0.40c	76.40±0.18d	71.58±0.23e

图2 土壤淹水对土壤微生物多样性的影响

Figure 2 Effects of soil flooding on soil microbial diversity

图3 土壤淹水对土壤微生物丰度的影响

Figure 3 Effect of soil flooding on soil microbial abundance

图4 土壤养分因子与细菌和真菌群落结构的RDA分析图中N表示碱解性氮，P表示有效磷，K表示速效钾，OM表示有机质

Figure 4 RDA analysis of soil nutrient factors and bacterial and fungal community structure

表3 土壤养分因子与细菌和真菌群落结构的RDA分析

Table 3 RDA analysis of soil nutrient factors and bacterial and fungal community structure

指标	细菌		真菌
指标	R²	p	R²	p
pH值	0.8775	0.002**²⁾	0.8751	0.002**
OM	0.4744	0.016*¹⁾	0.5287	0.007**
N	0.4293	0.036*	0.3572	0.084
P	0.7866	0.001***³⁾	0.8244	0.001***
K	0.7151	0.001***	0.8018	0.001***

图5 土壤养分因子与细菌和真菌的属水平相对丰度的相关性分析图中N表示碱解性氮，P表示有效磷，K表示速效钾，OM表示有机质。红色代表正相关，颜色越深相关程度越大；蓝色代表负相关，颜色越深负相关程度越大；*表示差异显著检验，*p <0.05，** p<0.01

Figure 5 Correlation analysis between soil nutrient factors and genus‐level relative abundance of bacteria and fungi

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淹水对茶园土壤养分和微生物群落结构的影响

Effects of Flooding on Soil Nutrients and Microbial Community Structure in Tea Plantations

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