互花米草入侵对黄河口湿地土壤碳氮磷及其生态化学计量特征的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.07.008

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7): 1360-1369.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.07.008

互花米草入侵对黄河口湿地土壤碳氮磷及其生态化学计量特征的影响

刘展航¹^,²^,³(), 张树岩⁴, 侯玉平¹, 朱书玉⁴, 王立冬⁴, 施欣悦²^,⁵, 李培广²^,³, 韩广轩²^,³, 谢宝华²^,³^,^*()

1.鲁东大学生命科学学院,山东烟台 264025
2.中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所/中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室/山东省海岸带环境过程重点实验室,山东烟台 264003
3.中国科学院黄河三角洲滨海湿地生态系统野外科学观测研究站,山东东营 257500
4.山东省黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区管理委员会,山东东营 257500
5.吉林农业大学动物科学技术学院,吉林长春 130118

收稿日期:2022-03-29 出版日期:2022-07-18 发布日期:2022-08-31
通讯作者: ^*谢宝华,副研究员,研究方向为湿地生态学。E-mail: bhxie@yic.ac.cn
^*谢宝华,副研究员,研究方向为湿地生态学。E-mail: bhxie@yic.ac.cn
作者简介:刘展航（1997年生）,男,硕士研究生,研究方向为入侵生态学。E-mail: 756642237@qq.com
基金资助:
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021MC164);国家自然科学基金项目(U1906223);国家自然科学基金项目(U1906220);中国科学院科技服务网络计划项目(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-023)

Effects of Spartina alterniflora Invasion on Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Their Ecostoichiometric Characteristics in the Yellow River Estuary Wetlands

LIU Zhanhang¹^,²^,³(), ZHANG Shuyan⁴, HOU Yuping¹, ZHU Shuyu⁴, WANG Lidong⁴, SHI Xinyue²^,⁵, LI Peiguang²^,³, HAN Guangxuan²^,³, XIE Baohua²^,³^,^*()

1. College of life sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264000, P. R. China
2. CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation/Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai 264003, P. R. China
3. Yellow River Delta Field Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongying, 257500, P. R. China
4. Shandong Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve Management Committee, Dongying 257500, P. R. China
5. College of animal science and technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China

Received:2022-03-29 Online:2022-07-18 Published:2022-08-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

互花米草入侵（Spartina alterniflora）严重威胁滨海湿地生态系统的生态平衡。为了探究不同入侵年限互花米草对土壤碳氮磷及其生态化学计量特征在不同土层间的差异,选择黄河口盐沼互花米草湿地为研究对象,采用空间替代时间的方法,采集不同入侵年限互花米草湿地（SA3,2016年入侵;SA8,2011年入侵;SA13,2006年入侵）及邻近未入侵的光滩（SA0）的0—100 cm土壤,测定其总碳（TC）、总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）含量,分析互花米草入侵对土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量比的影响。研究结果表明：（1）互花米草入侵显著提升了0—10 cm土壤TC和0—20 cm土壤TN含量,但对土壤TP含量影响很小;（2）SA3、SA8和SA13的0—10 cm土层TC含量分别比光滩高18.9%、27.6%和57.6%,TN含量分别比光滩高1.39、2.37和3.66倍;（3）互花米草入侵对土壤w_(C)/w_(N)的影响很小且没有明显规律,使浅层土壤的w_(C)/w_(P)和w_(N)/w_(P)增加,但降低了深层土壤的w_(C)/w_(P)和w_(N)/w_(P),在0—10 cm土层,土壤w_(C)/w_(P)和w_(N)/w_(P)由大到小排序均依次为SA13>SA8>SA3>SA0,而在0—100 cm土层,土壤w_(C)/w_(N)由大到小排序依次为SA0>SA8>SA13>SA3,w_(C)/w_(P)依次为SA13>SA8>SA0>SA3,w_(N)/w_(P)依次为SA13>SA0>SA3>SA8。在0—100 cm土壤中,pH、电导率、容重、含水量是影响碳氮磷含量的重要环境因子,w_(C)/w_(N)与土壤环境因子没有显著相关性,而w_(C)/w_(P)和w_(N)/w_(P)受环境因子影响显著。综上,互花米草入侵改变了黄河口盐沼湿地土壤碳、氮含量,进而影响土壤养分资源配比的平衡状态。

关键词: 互花米草, 黄河口, 营养元素, 生态化学计量, 全碳, 滨海湿地, 入侵年限

Abstract:

Spartina alterniflora invasion has severely threatened the ecological integrity of coastal wetland ecosystems. The carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and ecostoichiometric characteristics of soils in different layers were investigated under different stages of S. alterniflora invasion in the Yellow River Estuary wetlands. Using the method of substituting space for time, 0-100 cm soil samples were collected in wetlands of different stages of S. alterniflora invasion (SA3, invaded in 2016; SA8, invaded in 2011; SA13, invaded in 2006) and uninvaded bare flats (SA0). The contents of total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), were then measured and analyzed by the stoichiometric ratios of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Results showed that (1) S. alterniflora invasion increased the content of TC and TN in surface soils, but had little effects on TP. (2) TC contents in the 0-10 cm soil layer of SA16, SA11 and SA06 were 18.9%, 27.6% and 57.6% higher than that of SA0, respectively, and TN contents were 1.39, 2.37 and 3.66 times higher than that of SA0, respectively. (3) S. alterniflora invasion didn’t significantly affect soil w_(C)/w_(N), but increased w_(C)/w_(P) and w_(N)/w_(P) in shallow soils, and decreased w_(C)/w_(P)and w_(N)/w_(P)in deep soils. The order of soil w_(C)/w_(P) and w_(N)/w_(P) in the 0-10 cm soil layer was SA13>SA8>SA3>SA0. In the 0-100 cm soil layer, the order of soil w_(C)/w_(N)was SA0>SA8>SA13>SA3, that of soil w_(C)/w_(P) was SA13>SA8>SA0>SA3, and that of soil w_(N)/w_(P) was SA13>SA0>SA3>SA8. In the 0-100 cm soil layer, soil pH, electrical conductivity, bulk density and water content were important environmental factors affecting the contents of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. There were no significant correlations between w_(C)/w_(N)and soil environmental factors, but w_(C)/w_(P) and w_(N)/w_(P)were significantly correlated with environmental factors. In conclusion, S. alterniflora invasion changed the contents of soil carbon and nitrogen in the salt marsh wetlands of the Yellow River Estuary and affected the balance of soil nutrient resources.

Key words: Spartina alterniflora, Yellow River Estuary, nutrient elements, ecological stoichiometric, total carbon, coastal wetland, invasion year

中图分类号:

刘展航, 张树岩, 侯玉平, 朱书玉, 王立冬, 施欣悦, 李培广, 韩广轩, 谢宝华. 互花米草入侵对黄河口湿地土壤碳氮磷及其生态化学计量特征的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(7): 1360-1369.

LIU Zhanhang, ZHANG Shuyan, HOU Yuping, ZHU Shuyu, WANG Lidong, SHI Xinyue, LI Peiguang, HAN Guangxuan, XIE Baohua. Effects of Spartina alterniflora Invasion on Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Their Ecostoichiometric Characteristics in the Yellow River Estuary Wetlands[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(7): 1360-1369.

图/表 10

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样点 Site	高程 Elevation/m	土壤pH值 Soil pH	容重 Bulk density/(g∙cm^-3)	电导率 Conductivity γ/(ms∙cm^-1)	含水量 Soil moisture/%	土壤温度 Soil temperature/℃
SA0	0.28	8.69±0.01a	1.56±0.01a	2.12±0.06b	23.30±0.12b	11.10±0.16b
SA3	0.45	8.50±0.01ab	1.45±0.01b	2.18±0.03b	24.01±0.15b	11.20±0.25b
SA8	0.17	8.27±0.01ab	1.26±0.01c	2.70±0.05ab	30.72±0.57a	12.25±0.74ab
SA13	0.06	8.28±0.02b	1.23±0.02c	3.01±0.09a	31.87±0.75a	14.95±0.72a

样点 Site	高程 Elevation/m	土壤pH值 Soil pH	容重 Bulk density/(g∙cm^-3)	电导率 Conductivity γ/(ms∙cm^-1)	含水量 Soil moisture/%	土壤温度 Soil temperature/℃
SA0	0.28	8.69±0.01a	1.56±0.01a	2.12±0.06b	23.30±0.12b	11.10±0.16b
SA3	0.45	8.50±0.01ab	1.45±0.01b	2.18±0.03b	24.01±0.15b	11.20±0.25b
SA8	0.17	8.27±0.01ab	1.26±0.01c	2.70±0.05ab	30.72±0.57a	12.25±0.74ab
SA13	0.06	8.28±0.02b	1.23±0.02c	3.01±0.09a	31.87±0.75a	14.95±0.72a

储量 Storage	土层深度 Soil depth/cm	SA0	SA3	SA8	SA13
土壤总碳储量 Total soil carbon storage/ (kg∙m^-2)	0-10	2.19±0.14b	2.72±0.07a	2.13±0.20b	1.67±0.11c
	10-20	5.18±0.06a	4.79±0.32b	4.04±0.37c	5.13±0.18a
	20-40	5.02±0.08a	4.74±0.22b	3.97±0.20c	4.29±0.38c
	40-60	4.21±0.22a	4.28±0.08a	3.96±0.08b	3.98±0.22b
	60-80	4.58±0.24a	4.09±0.23b	3.76±0.10c	3.87±0.25c
	80-100	4.20±0.17b	4.70±0.33a	3.81±0.10c	3.95±0.01c
	0-100	25.37±0.40a	25.31±1.76a	21.67±1.23b	22.89±1.48b
土壤总氮储量 Total soil nitrogen storage/(kg∙m^-2)	0-10	0.02±0.00c	0.06±0.01b	0.07±0.01a	0.08±0.00a
	10-20	0.06±0.00b	0.09±0.03b	0.07±0.01b	0.15±0.02a
	20-40	0.08±0.01a	0.07±0.00a	0.04±0.00b	0.08±0.01a
	40-60	0.06±0.01a	0.05±0.01a	0.05±0.01a	0.07±0.01a
	60-80	0.06±0.00a	0.04±0.01b	0.03±0.00b	0.04±0.01b
	80-100	0.06±0.01a	0.06±0.01a	0.03±0.00b	0.05±0.01a
	0-100	0.34±0.01b	0.38±0.08b	0.30±0.03c	0.45±0.08a
土壤总磷储量 Total soil phosphorus storage/(kg∙m^-2)	0-10	0.09±0.00a	0.09±0.00a	0.07±0.01b	0.05±0.00c
	10-20	0.19±0.01a	0.17±0.00a	0.15±0.01b	0.18±0.01a
	20-40	0.17±0.01a	0.19±0.01a	0.15±0.01b	0.13±0.01b
	40-60	0.16±0.01b	0.19±0.00a	0.16±0.00b	0.18±0.01a
	60-80	0.16±0.01b	0.18±0.01a	0.20±0.00a	0.18±0.01a
	80-100	0.16±0.01b	0.18±0.01a	0.19±0.00a	0.19±0.00a
	0-100	0.93±0.05b	1.00±0.02a	0.93±0.05b	0.90±0.02c

储量 Storage	土层深度 Soil depth/cm	SA0	SA3	SA8	SA13
土壤总碳储量 Total soil carbon storage/ (kg∙m^-2)	0-10	2.19±0.14b	2.72±0.07a	2.13±0.20b	1.67±0.11c
	10-20	5.18±0.06a	4.79±0.32b	4.04±0.37c	5.13±0.18a
	20-40	5.02±0.08a	4.74±0.22b	3.97±0.20c	4.29±0.38c
	40-60	4.21±0.22a	4.28±0.08a	3.96±0.08b	3.98±0.22b
	60-80	4.58±0.24a	4.09±0.23b	3.76±0.10c	3.87±0.25c
	80-100	4.20±0.17b	4.70±0.33a	3.81±0.10c	3.95±0.01c
	0-100	25.37±0.40a	25.31±1.76a	21.67±1.23b	22.89±1.48b
土壤总氮储量 Total soil nitrogen storage/(kg∙m^-2)	0-10	0.02±0.00c	0.06±0.01b	0.07±0.01a	0.08±0.00a
	10-20	0.06±0.00b	0.09±0.03b	0.07±0.01b	0.15±0.02a
	20-40	0.08±0.01a	0.07±0.00a	0.04±0.00b	0.08±0.01a
	40-60	0.06±0.01a	0.05±0.01a	0.05±0.01a	0.07±0.01a
	60-80	0.06±0.00a	0.04±0.01b	0.03±0.00b	0.04±0.01b
	80-100	0.06±0.01a	0.06±0.01a	0.03±0.00b	0.05±0.01a
	0-100	0.34±0.01b	0.38±0.08b	0.30±0.03c	0.45±0.08a
土壤总磷储量 Total soil phosphorus storage/(kg∙m^-2)	0-10	0.09±0.00a	0.09±0.00a	0.07±0.01b	0.05±0.00c
	10-20	0.19±0.01a	0.17±0.00a	0.15±0.01b	0.18±0.01a
	20-40	0.17±0.01a	0.19±0.01a	0.15±0.01b	0.13±0.01b
	40-60	0.16±0.01b	0.19±0.00a	0.16±0.00b	0.18±0.01a
	60-80	0.16±0.01b	0.18±0.01a	0.20±0.00a	0.18±0.01a
	80-100	0.16±0.01b	0.18±0.01a	0.19±0.00a	0.19±0.00a
	0-100	0.93±0.05b	1.00±0.02a	0.93±0.05b	0.90±0.02c

影响因素 Influence factor	df	土壤总碳 Total soil carbon content	土壤总氮 Total soil nitrogencontent	土壤总磷 Total soil phosphorus content	土壤w_(C)/w_(N) Soil w_(C)/w_(N)	土壤w_(C)/w_(P) Soil w_(C)/w_(P)	土壤w_(N)/w_(P) Soil w_(N)/w_(P)
入侵年限 Invasion duration (Y)	3	17.72**	8.34**	2.23	0.59	6.03**	8.01**
土壤深度 Soil depth (D)	5	4.23**	2.27	1.44	1.03	0.21	2.04
入侵年限×土壤深度 Y×D	15	1.07	0.70	0.83	0.78	0.85	0.67

互花米草入侵对黄河口湿地土壤碳氮磷及其生态化学计量特征的影响

Effects of Spartina alterniflora Invasion on Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Their Ecostoichiometric Characteristics in the Yellow River Estuary Wetlands

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指标 Index	土壤总碳 Total soil carbon	土壤总氮 Total soil nitrogen	土壤总磷 Total soil phosphorus	土壤w_(C)/w_(N) Soil w_(C)/w_(N)	土壤w_(C)/w_(P) Soil w_(C)/w_(P)	土壤w_(N)/w_(P) Soil w_(N)/w_(P)
土壤w_(C)/w_(N)Soil w_(C)/w_(N)	0.183	-0.096	0.037
土壤w_(C)/w_(P)Soil w_(C)/w_(P)	0.441**	0.340**	-0.006	0.205
土壤w_(N)/w_(P)Soil w_(N)/w_(P)	0.882**	0.987**	0.211	0.113	0.388**
土壤pH值 Soil pH	-0.154	-0.398**	-0.173	0.115	-0.145	-0.378**
电导率 Conductivity	0.703**	0.695**	0.168	0.169	0.289*	0.696**
容重 Bulk density	-0.665**	-0.721**	-0.202	-0.221	-0.339**	-0.729**
含水量 Soil moisture	0.593**	0.742**	0.238*	0.139	0.279*	0.739**
高程 Elevation	-0.053	-0.221	-0.044	-0.196	-0.120	-0.234*

研究地点 Location	调查时间 Survey times	植被类型 Vegetation type	土壤w_(C)/w_(N) Soil w_(C)/w_(N)	土壤w_(C)/w_(P) Soil w_(C)/w_(P)	土壤w_(N)/w_(P) Soil w_(N)/w_(P)	土壤剖面 Soil profile/cm	文献出处 References
山东黄河口 Yellow River Estuary, Shandong Province	2019	SA0	7.39	2.72	0.38	0-100	This study
		SA3	6.90	2.61	0.37
		SA8	7.33	2.95	0.34
		SA13	7.13	3.85	0.55
山东黄河口 Yellow River Estuary, Shandong Province	2017	SS	10.06			0-100	Zhang et al., 2021
		SA2	9.68
		SA5	11.09
		SA10	13.32
山东胶州湾 Jiaozhou Bay, Shandong Province*	2015	SA0	21.89	19.92	0.91	0-60	苗萍等, 2017
山东胶州湾 Jiaozhou Bay, Shandong Province*	2015	SA	23.20	21.93	0.95	0-60	苗萍等, 2017
江苏盐城 Yancheng, Jiangsu Province	2014	SA0	9.61	2.28	0.24	0-20	高建华等, 2007
		SS	11.50	6.30	0.55
		PC	10.89	7.37	0.68
		SA	12.66	9.21	0.73
上海长江口 Yangtze River Estuary, Shanghai	2004	SM	13.37			0-100	Cheng et al., 2006
上海长江口 Yangtze River Estuary, Shanghai	2004	SA7	12.16			0-100	Cheng et al., 2006
浙江杭州湾 Hangzhou Bay, Zhejiang Province	2020	SA0	3.56	4.98	1.37	0-40	项琦, 2021
		SM	3.99	7.20	1.71
		PC	12.53	13.04	0.95
		SA2	1.69	7.80	4.62
		SA7	3.24	10.39	3.25
福建闽江口 Minjiang Estuary, Fujian Province*	2014	CM	10.69	23.94	2.24	0-50	金宝石等, 2017
		SA0-4	11.07	25.37	2.29
		SA4-8	11.25	27.11	2.40
		SA8-12	11.49	26.54	2.31
广东湛江; 广西北海 Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province; Beihai, Guangxi Province	2015	Ma	11.2	24.6	2.30	0-40	Wang et al., 2019
	2015	SA	10.7	21.2	2.06	0-40	Wang et al., 2019

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