基于年度热浪强度指数的海南岛热浪变化特征研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.12.008

生态环境学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12): 1909-1918.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.12.008

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇下一篇

基于年度热浪强度指数的海南岛热浪变化特征研究

胡永红¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 袁艳峰¹^,²^,³, 徐榕焓⁴^,⁵^,⁶, 艾金龙⁷, 侯美亭⁸

1.海南空天信息研究院，海南文昌 571333
2.可持续发展大数据国际研究中心，北京 100094
3.中国科学院空天信息创新研究院，北京 100094
4.中国气象局中国遥感卫星辐射测量和定标重点开放实验室/国家卫星气象中心（国家空间天气监测预警中心），北京 100081
5.许健民气象卫星创新中心，北京 100081
6.卫星遥感数字化应用创新重点实验室，重庆 401147
7.益阳职业技术学院现代农业学院，湖南益阳 413049
8.芬兰赫尔辛基大学林学系，芬兰赫尔辛基 00014

收稿日期:2025-09-24 出版日期:2025-12-18 发布日期:2025-12-10
通讯作者: *
作者简介:胡永红（1979年生），男，副研究员，研究方向为定量遥感与气候变化。E-mail: huyonghong@aircas.ac.cn
基金资助:
海南省自然科学基金创新团队项目(422CXTD532);国家自然科学基金项目(42471360);中国气象局气象能力提升联合研究专项(23NLTSQ010);益阳职业技术学院“曙光计划”重点项目(YYZYSZ2023004)

The Characterization of Heat Wave Changes in Hainan Island Based on the Annual Heatwave Magnitude Index

HU Yonghong¹^,²^,³^,^*(), YUAN Yanfeng¹^,²^,³, XU Ronghan⁴^,⁵^,⁶, AI Jinlong⁷, HOU Meiting⁸

1. Hainan Aerospace Information Research Institute, Wenchang 571333, P. R. China
2. International Research Centre on Big Data for Sustainable Development, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
3. Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
4. Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather) China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
5. Innovation Center for Fengyun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), Beijing 100081, P. R. China
6. Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Application and Innovation, Chongqing 401147, P. R. China
7. School of Advanced Agricultural, Yiyang Vocational & Technical College, Yiyang 413049, P. R. China
8. Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsink 00014i, Finland

Received:2025-09-24 Online:2025-12-18 Published:2025-12-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为热带地区，增温条件下海南岛的热浪事件发生频率和强度均在增加，对当地人体健康、生态环境和经济发展等方面造成严重威胁。目前，针对海南岛热浪影响的极端性分析和气候变化趋势认识仍有不足。该研究在热浪强度指数（HWMI）的基础上调整计算得到年度所有热浪事件的综合强度指数（AHWMI），分析了海南岛1980－2021年热浪事件的变化趋势。研究发现，海南岛1980－2021年平均气温上升了0.79 ℃，此背景下热浪事件的发生频率和持续时间呈快速增加趋势，2011－2021年期间极端性热浪发生更加频繁，占总数的67%，且热浪的年内影响从早期的春夏季扩展到了秋季。热浪强度整体呈现上升趋势，其中HWMI和AHWMI分别达到0.08·(10 a)⁻¹和0.3·(10 a)⁻¹的上升速率。海南岛整体热浪强度存在西部向东部递减的趋势，其中西南部最高，而热浪强度增加较快的区域主要包括了西南部和东北部区域。气候变化影响下的海南岛需优化减灾防灾措施来应对热浪变化的新态势。

关键词: 海南, 高温热浪, 热浪指数, 时空动态

Abstract:

As a tropical region affected by regional warming, Hainan Island has been threatened by an increase in the frequency and intensity of heatwave events, including local human health, ecological environment, and economic development. However, current research is still limited by the understanding of the extreme impacts of heatwaves and long-term climate change trends related to heatwaves on islands. Previous studies have employed the Heat Wave Magnitude Index (HWMI) to assess heat wave changes using the maximum values from annual heat wave events, which may underestimate their cumulative effects over one year. In this study, we modified the HWMI algorithm to comprehensively calculate the annual heatwave magnitude index (AHWMI) and aggregate the magnitude of all heatwave events occurring in a single year. We then analyzed the trends in heatwave changes on Hainan Island from 1980‒2021. Hainan Island has experienced significant climate warming, with an average temperature increase of 7.9 ℃ from 1980‒2021. Concurrently, the frequency and duration of heatwave events have increased rapidly, and the seasonal scope of heatwave impacts has expanded from spring and summer in the 1980s to autumn in the 2010s. Heatwave intensity also increased from 1980 to 2021, with the increase rate of HWMI and AHWMI increasing at rates of 0.08 and 0.3 per decade, respectively. The spatial distribution of the overall heatwave intensity on Hainan Island was heterogeneous, with a significantly higher intensity in the western part of the island than in the east. The highest heatwave intensity was observed in the island’s southwest, which may also be linked to frequent droughts in this region. Trend analysis further revealed that the areas with the most rapid increases in heatwave intensity were primarily in the southwest and northeast regions. Extreme heatwave events on Hainan Island have occurred frequently in recent years, and the total number of extreme heatwaves recorded between 2011 and 2021 accounted for 67% of the total number over the entire 1980-2021 period. The heatwave that struck in May 2021 reached historical highs in terms of intensity and impact duration. Therefore, Hainan Island must optimize its heatwave disaster mitigation and prevention measures to adapt to the new challenges posed by heatwave situations.

Key words: climate change, heat wave indices, heat wave intensity, Hainan Province

中图分类号:

胡永红, 袁艳峰, 徐榕焓, 艾金龙, 侯美亭. 基于年度热浪强度指数的海南岛热浪变化特征研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2025, 34(12): 1909-1918.

HU Yonghong, YUAN Yanfeng, XU Ronghan, AI Jinlong, HOU Meiting. The Characterization of Heat Wave Changes in Hainan Island Based on the Annual Heatwave Magnitude Index[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2025, 34(12): 1909-1918.

图/表 7

图1 海南岛气象观测台站分布

Figure 1 The distribution of the selected meteorological observation stations on Hainan Island

图2 1980－2021年海南岛平均温度（a）和最高温度（b）的距平变化

Figure 2 The anomaly changes of daily mean temperature and daily maximum temperature in Hainan from 1980 to 2021

图3 海南岛1980－2021年热浪强度（HWMI和AHWMI）变化

Figure 3 The heat wave intensity changes (HWMI and AHWMI) in Hainan Island from 1980 to 2021

图4 海南岛热浪指数的空间分布

Figure 4 Spatial pattern of heat wave indices changes in Hainan

图5 海南岛1980－2021年热浪指数变化趋势的空间差异

Figure 5 Spatial variations of the change trend of heat wave indices in Hainan from 1980 to 2021

图6 海南岛1980－2021年热浪年内影响周期变化 ①HWC：热浪影响周期，②HWE：热浪结束日期，③HWS：热浪开始日期

Figure 6 Annual cycle changes of heatwave impacts in Hainan from 1980 to 2021

表1 海南岛不同强度热浪发生频次的统计特征

Table 1 Statistical characteristics of heat wave occurrence frequency by intensity in Hainan Island

编号	站号	站名	不同等级热浪的发生次数*
编号	站号	站名	一般强度	中等强度	严重强度	极端强度
1	59757	琼山	87	19	4	0
2	59758	海口	72	12	6	0
3	59838	东方	50	4	1	2
4	59842	临高	93	15	7	0
5	59843	澄迈	105	18	3	3
6	59845	儋州	101	16	5	2
7	59847	昌江	87	18	9	3
8	59848	白沙	105	23	6	1
9	59849	琼中	94	14	4	1
10	59851	定安	77	7	2	0
11	59854	屯昌	94	28	5	1
12	59855	琼海	77	11	2	0
13	59856	文昌	76	8	4	1
14	59940	乐东	79	13	3	2
15	59941	五指山	71	4	4	0
16	59945	保亭	80	8	5	0
17	59948	三亚	32	4	1	1
18	59951	万宁	58	5	1	0
19	59954	陵水	59	9	2	1

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基于年度热浪强度指数的海南岛热浪变化特征研究

The Characterization of Heat Wave Changes in Hainan Island Based on the Annual Heatwave Magnitude Index

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