核电厂周边大气环境总放射性多尺度变化及影响因素

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.12.007

生态环境学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12): 1900-1908.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.12.007

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇下一篇

核电厂周边大气环境总放射性多尺度变化及影响因素

王春梅¹(), 姜炳棋², 胡俊², 陈代文¹, 黄丽华¹, 程湾湾¹

1.福建省辐射环境监督站，福建福州 350013
2.福建省环境科学研究院，福建福州 350013

收稿日期:2025-04-08 出版日期:2025-12-18 发布日期:2025-12-10
作者简介:王春梅（1977年生），女，高级工程师，硕士，研究方向为辐射监测与防护。E-mail: 442396265@qq.com
基金资助:
福建省自然科学基金项目(2024J01168);福建省环保科技计划项目(2025R003)

Multi-scale Variations and Influencing Factors of Total Radioactivity in Atmospheric Environment Around Nuclear Power Plants

WANG Chunmei¹(), JIANG Bingqi², HU Jun², CHEN Daiwen¹, HUANG Lihua¹, CHENG Wanwan¹

1. Fujian Radiation Environment Supervision Station, Fuzhou 350013, P. R. China
2. Fujian Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Fuzhou 350013, P. R. China

Received:2025-04-08 Online:2025-12-18 Published:2025-12-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以宁德核电厂周边气溶胶中总α、总β为研究对象，探讨核电厂周边大气环境总放射性的时空分布特征、周期性规律以及与各种影响因子的关联性，揭示数据的周期性规律和耦合机制，对完善核电厂大气环境风险预警体系具有重要应用价值。研究利用小波变换对宁德核电厂周边的大气监测数据进行分析，并运用小波相干谱研究了总α、总β放射性活度浓度与气象因子（降水、湿度）及可吸入颗粒物因子（PM_2.5、PM₁₀）的相关性。结果表明：1）宁德核电厂周边气溶胶中总α活度浓度监测结果较国内其他核电稍偏高，但依然处于正常环境水平范围之内；2）气溶胶总α、总β活度浓度均存在18个月左右的主周期与40个月左右的次周期，同时国外同类型的核电厂气溶胶总α、总β活度浓度周期性并不明显；3）气溶胶总α与总β间活度浓度时间序列具有较强的同步性，存在正相关关系，尤其在中、高时频尺度上这种关系较明显。而总α、总β与降水、湿度呈现负相关性，共轭周期主要分布在中、低尺度上。总α、总β与PM_2.5、PM₁₀两个因子相关性不强，尤其在低尺度上未见任何相关性，但局部总α、总β约比PM_2.5、PM₁₀提前1/8－1/4周期。

关键词: 核电厂, 小波变换, 总放射性, 影响因素, 气溶胶

Abstract:

This study examined the total α and total β radioactivity in aerosols surrounding the Ningde Nuclear Power Plant to investigate the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics, periodic patterns, and correlations with various influencing factors of total atmospheric radioactivity in the vicinity of nuclear power plants. Revealing the periodic patterns and coupling mechanisms of these data has significant application value for improving atmospheric environmental risk early warning systems for nuclear power plants. This study employed wavelet transformation to analyze atmospheric monitoring data around the Ningde Nuclear Power Plant and utilized the wavelet coherence spectrum to study the correlation between total α and total β radioactivity concentration and meteorological factors (precipitation and humidity), and inhalable particulate matter factors (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀). The results indicate that: 1) The total α activity concentration in aerosols around the Ningde Nuclear Power Plant was slightly higher than that of other domestic nuclear power plants, but was still within the normal environmental level range. 2) The total α and total β activity concentrations in aerosols both exhibited a primary cycle of approximately 18 months and a secondary cycle of approximately 40 months, whereas the periodicity of the total α and total β activity concentrations in aerosols around similar foreign nuclear power plants was not significant. 3) Overall, the time series of the total α and total β activity concentrations in aerosols demonstrated strong synchronicity with a positive correlation, particularly evident at medium and high frequency scales. Total α and total β exhibited negative correlations with precipitation and humidity, with conjugate cycles primarily distributed at medium and low scales. The correlation between total α, total β, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀ was not strong, particularly with no correlation observed at low scales. However, locally, total α and total β preceded PM_2.5 and PM₁₀by approximately 1/8-1/4 cycle.

Key words: nuclear power plant, wavelet transformation, total radioactivity, influencing factors, aerosol

中图分类号:

X125

王春梅, 姜炳棋, 胡俊, 陈代文, 黄丽华, 程湾湾. 核电厂周边大气环境总放射性多尺度变化及影响因素[J]. 生态环境学报, 2025, 34(12): 1900-1908.

WANG Chunmei, JIANG Bingqi, HU Jun, CHEN Daiwen, HUANG Lihua, CHENG Wanwan. Multi-scale Variations and Influencing Factors of Total Radioactivity in Atmospheric Environment Around Nuclear Power Plants[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2025, 34(12): 1900-1908.

图/表 7

图1 监督性监测点位及2014－2024年牛郞岗站风向风频玫瑰图

Figure 1 Supervised monitoring points and wind direction and frequency chart of Niulanggang station from 2014 to 2024

表1 2014－2024年宁德核电厂各监测点位气溶胶中总α总β活度浓度监测结果统计

Table 1 Statistics on the monitoring results of total α and total β activity concentration in aerosols at each monitoring point of Ningde Nuclear Power Plant from 2014 to 2024

点位名称	样本数	总α的活度浓度A/(mBq·m⁻³)			总β的活度浓度A/(mBq·m⁻³)
点位名称	样本数	测定值	平均值	RSD/%	测定值	平均值	RSD/%
渔井	132	0.009－0.300	0.094	61	0.088－2.400	0.889	58
小筼筜	128	0.011－0.300	0.091	63	0.130－2.300	0.877	48
牛郎岗	127	0.012－0.230	0.083	62	0.150－2.100	0.809	51
福州对照点	108	0.022－0.540	0.157	74	0.057－2.900	1.001	62

表2 国内核电厂气溶胶中总α监测数据统计

Table 2 Statistics of total α monitoring data in aerosol of domestic nuclear power plants

核电厂（采样时间）	装机容量/MWe	总α范围/(mBq·m⁻³)	总α均值/(mBq·m⁻³)	总α/单位装机容量/(mBq·m⁻³·kMWe⁻¹)
福清核电厂（2015－2024）	5917	0.006－0.240	0.072	0.012
宁德核电厂（2014－2024）	4356	0.083－0.094	0.090	0.021
秦山核电厂（2001－2011）	6564	0.02－0.72	0.13	0.02
阳江核电厂（2014－2016）	6516	0.01－0.35	0.07	0.01

图2 宁德核电厂总α、总β和土尔其角核电厂总β活度浓度时间序列小波实部等值线图与小波方差图

Figure 2 Contour map of wavelet real part and wavelet variance map of total α, total β of Ningde nuclear power plant and total β activity concentration time series of Turkey Point nuclear power plant

图3 2014年1月－2024年6月宁德核电厂周围活度浓度时间序列小波相干谱

Figure 3 Wavelet coherence spectrum of total α and total β activity concentration time series in aerosol around Ningde nuclear power plant from January 2014 to June 2024

图4 2014年1月－2024年6月宁德核电厂周边气溶胶中总α、总β活度浓度时间序列与降水、湿度时间序列小波相干谱

Figure 4 Wavelet coherence spectrum of total α and total β activity concentration time series and precipitation and humidity time series in aerosol around Ningde NPP from January 2014 to June 2024

图5 2015年1月－2024年12月宁德核电厂周边气溶胶中总α、总β活度浓度时间序列与可吸入颗粒物时间序列小波相干谱

Figure 5 Wavelet coherence spectrum of total α, total β activity concentration time series and respirable particulate matter time series in aerosol around Ningde nuclear power plant from January 2015 to December 2024

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核电厂周边大气环境总放射性多尺度变化及影响因素

Multi-scale Variations and Influencing Factors of Total Radioactivity in Atmospheric Environment Around Nuclear Power Plants

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