沈阳市臭氧污染特征及其影响因素

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.01.008

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 72-79.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.01.008

沈阳市臭氧污染特征及其影响因素

蒋伯琪¹(), 浮天¹, 程昳璇¹, 苏枞枞², 沈建东³, 于谨铖¹, 于兴娜¹^,^*()

1.南京信息工程大学，中国气象局气溶胶-云-降水重点开放实验室，江苏南京 210044
2.辽宁省沈阳生态环境监测中心，辽宁沈阳 110000
3.浙江省杭州生态环境监测中心，浙江杭州 310012

收稿日期:2023-09-05 出版日期:2024-01-18 发布日期:2024-03-19
通讯作者: *于兴娜。E-mail: xnyu@nuist.edu.cn
作者简介:蒋伯琪（2001年生），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为臭氧污染防治。E-mail: jiang2938236692@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC0214604);安徽省重点研究与开发计划(2022h11020008)

Characteristics of Ozone Pollution and Its Influencing Factors in Shenyang

JIANG Boqi¹(), FU Tian¹, CHENG Yixuan¹, SU Zongzong², SHEN Jiandong³, YU Jincheng¹, YU Xingna¹^,^*()

1. Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, P. R. China
2. Shenyang Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, P. R. China
3. Hangzhou Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China

Received:2023-09-05 Online:2024-01-18 Published:2024-03-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来中国城市O₃污染问题日益突出，近地面O₃已成为沈阳市的主要空气污染物之一。基于沈阳市2019年近地面臭氧（O₃）及其前体物（VOCs和NO₂）的逐时数据，结合同期气象观测资料，研究了2019年沈阳大气O₃的季节变化特征，分析了VOCs和NO₂以及气象条件对O₃生成的影响；利用最大增量反应活性法（MIR）估算了沈阳大气VOCs的臭氧生成潜势（OFP），并运用正交矩阵因子分解法（PMF）进行了沈阳夏季VOCs的来源解析。结果表明：2019年沈阳市O₃平均质量浓度夏季最高，其次是春季和秋季，冬季最低；四季O₃日变化特征均表现为单峰型，质量浓度峰值出现在14:00左右，谷值出现在07:00左右。沈阳市O₃质量浓度与温度、风速均呈现正相关关系（P=0.001，P=0.005），与相对湿度呈负相关关系（P=0.005）；当温度达到30.0 ℃以上，O₃质量浓度明显升高；风速低于3.0 m∙s⁻¹时O₃质量浓度小于75.0 μg∙m⁻³，而风速超过4.0 m∙s⁻¹时O₃质量浓度迅速升高至100 μg∙m⁻³；湿度小于20%时O₃质量浓度较高，当湿度大于80%时O₃质量浓度显著降低，由75.0 μg∙m⁻³降低至58.7 μg∙m⁻³。O₃平均质量浓度与前体物VOCs和NO₂质量浓度呈负相关关系（P=0.005），O₃平均质量浓度最大值对应的NO₂质量浓度区间为20.0-30.0 μg∙m⁻³。2019年沈阳市大气VOCs的臭氧生成潜势依次表现为烯烃>芳香烃>烷烃>炔烃，烯烃在4个季节均为最大贡献者，表明烯烃对沈阳市O₃生成具有重要贡献。夏季沈阳市VOCs主要来源于石油化工源、溶剂使用源、液化石油气污染源、燃烧源和机动车排放源。沈阳作为我国传统重工业基地，加强对石油化工、溶剂使用和燃料挥发等方面的监管是降低沈阳市大气O₃质量浓度水平的有效途径。该研究可以为沈阳市O₃污染治理提供重要参考。

关键词: 沈阳, 臭氧, VOCs, 污染特征, 气象条件, 臭氧生成潜势, 来源解析

Abstract:

Due to the increasingly prominent O₃ pollution problem in Chinese cities in recent years, near-surface O₃ has become one of the main air pollutants in Shenyang.. Based on the hourly data of near-surface ozone (O₃) and its precursors (VOCs and NO₂) in Shenyang, combined with the meteorological observation data of the same period, the seasonal variation characteristics of O₃ in Shenyang in 2019 were studied. The effects of VOCs, NO₂ and meteorological conditions on formation of O₃ were analyzed. The ozone generation potential (OFP) of VOCs were estimated using the maximum incremental reactivity (MIR), and the source apportionment of VOCs was studied based on the positive matrix factorization (PMF) method. The results show that the average O₃ mass concentration in 2019 of Shenyang was the highest in summer, followed by spring and autumn, and the lowest in winter. The O₃ mass concentrations in all four seasons showed the characteristics of uni-peak mode with the peak occurring at around 2 pm and the trough at around 7 am. The O₃ mass concentrations showed a positive correlation relationship with temperature and wind speed (P=0.001 and P=0.005, respectively), and a negative correlation with humidity (P=0.005). The O₃ mass concentration increased significantly when temperature reached above 30.0 ℃. The O₃ mass concentration was less than 75.0 μg∙m⁻³ when the wind speed was lower than 3.0 m∙s⁻¹, while the O₃ mass concentration increased rapidly to 100 μg∙m⁻³ when the wind speed exceeded 4.0 m∙s⁻¹. The O₃ mass concentration was higher when H_r<20%, and declined from 75.0 μg∙m⁻³ to 58.7 μg∙m⁻³when H_r>80%. The O₃ mass concentration was also negatively correlated with VOCs and NO₂ (P=0.005). When the average mass concentration of O₃ reaches the maximum value, the mass concentration range of NO₂ was 20.0-30.0 μg∙m⁻³. In 2019, the annual OFP of various VOCs showed in order of alkene>aromatic hydrocarbons>alkanes>alkynes, and alkenes were the largest contributors in four seasons, indicating that alkenes have an important contribution to O₃ generation in Shenyang. In summer, the sources of VOCs mainly included petrochemicals, solvent usage, liquefied petroleum gas pollution, combustion, and motor vehicle emission sources. As China's traditional heavy industry base, strengthening supervision on petrochemical industry, solvent use and fuel volatilization are effective ways to reduce the atmospheric O₃ concentration level in Shenyang. This research can provide an important reference for O₃ pollution control in Shenyang.

Key words: Shenyang, ozone, VOCs, pollution characteristics, meteorological conditions, ozone generation potential, source apportionment

中图分类号:

蒋伯琪, 浮天, 程昳璇, 苏枞枞, 沈建东, 于谨铖, 于兴娜. 沈阳市臭氧污染特征及其影响因素[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(1): 72-79.

JIANG Boqi, FU Tian, CHENG Yixuan, SU Zongzong, SHEN Jiandong, YU Jincheng, YU Xingna. Characteristics of Ozone Pollution and Its Influencing Factors in Shenyang[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(1): 72-79.

图/表 8

图1 沈阳市O3质量浓度季节变化箱型图

Figure 1 Box plot of seasonal variation of O3 concentration in Shenyang

图2 沈阳市四季O3质量浓度日变化

Figure 2 The diurnal variation of O3 in the four seasons in Shenyang

表1 气象因子与O3拟合方程及相关系数

Table 1 Fitted equation of meteorological factors to O3 and its correlation coefficient

季节	气象因子	拟合方程	相关系数	P值
春季	t	y=3.89x+31.23	0.69	0.001
	H_r	y= −0.39x+85.49	−0.22	0.005
	v_w	y=14.10x+31.61	0.71	0.005
夏季	t	y=12.14x−215.32	0.77	0.001
	H_r	y= −2.45x+290.80	−0.69	0.005
	v_w	y=24.11x+61.48	0.46	0.005
秋季	t	y=5.34x−14.25	0.76	0.001
	H_r	y= −0.41x+69.84	−0.19	0.005
	v_w	y=15.83x+17.97	0.42	0.005
冬季	t	y=1.34x+38.53	0.36	0.001
	H_r	y= −0.63x+54.26	−0.58	0.005
	v_w	y=8.43x+11.28	0.53	0.005

表2 不同气象要素区间内O3质量浓度

Table 2 Concentration of O3 in different meteorological factors

t/ ℃	O₃质量浓度/ (μg∙m⁻³)	H_r/ %	O₃质量浓度/ (μg∙m⁻³)	v_w/ (m∙s⁻¹)	O₃质量浓度/ (μg∙m⁻³)
≤0	25.4	≤20	75.2	≤1.0	35.9
0‒10.0	35.6	20‒40	52.3	1.0‒2.0	53.0
10.0‒20.0	68.0	40‒60	59.1	2.0‒3.0	74.6
20.0‒30.0	98.4	60‒80	75.0	3.0‒4.0	87.1
>30.0	173	>80	58.7	>4.0	99.3

图3 沈阳市四季O3质量浓度与风向风速变化关系图

Figure 3 Relationship between O3 concentration and wind direction and wind speed in four seasons of Shenyang

图4 沈阳市2019年O3及其前体物VOCs、NO2质量浓度

Figure 4 Mass concentrations of O3, VOCs and NO2 in Shenyang in 2019

图5 沈阳市四季各类VOCs的OFP贡献占比

Figure5 The OFP contribution of various VOCs in four seasons of Shenyang

图6 VOCs的PMF源解析因子谱图

Figure 6 Contribution of each VOCs species to each factor by PMF method

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沈阳市臭氧污染特征及其影响因素

Characteristics of Ozone Pollution and Its Influencing Factors in Shenyang

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