2000—2020年北方农牧交错区植被生态功能变化及驱动因子分析

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.10.006

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 1990-1998.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.10.006

2000—2020年北方农牧交错区植被生态功能变化及驱动因子分析

王丽霞(), 史园莉^*, 张宏伟, 毕晓玲, 申文明, 马万栋

生态环境部卫星环境应用中心,北京 100094

收稿日期:2021-04-26 出版日期:2021-10-18 发布日期:2021-12-21
通讯作者: *
*
作者简介:王丽霞（1976年生）,女,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事生态环境监测评估与修复方面的工作。E-mail: wanglixia20034@163.com
基金资助:
高分辨率对地观测系统重大专项(05-Y30B01-9001-19/20-2)

Analysis of Vegetation Ecological Function Changes and Driving Factors in Farming-pastoral Ecotone in Northern China from 2000 to 2020

WANG Lixia(), SHI Yuanli^*, ZHANG Hongwei, BI Xiaoling, SHEN Wenming, MA Wandong

Ministry of Ecology and Environment Center for Satellite Application on Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100094, China

Received:2021-04-26 Online:2021-10-18 Published:2021-12-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国北方农牧交错区是种植业和草地畜牧业交错的生态过渡区,也是生态脆弱和生态敏感带,在中国生态环境保护中具有重要战略地位。为探讨2000—2020年中国北方农牧交错区植被生态功能变化趋势及其驱动因子,以北方农牧交错区的植被生态功能为研究对象,利用卫星遥感和气象观测数据,选择植被净初级生产力（NPP）、水源涵养能力和水土保持等指标来量化植被生态功能,采用空间叠加分析、趋势分析和相关分析等方法探索了植被生态功能长期变化趋势,分析气候和人为活动对植被生态功能变化的驱动作用。结果显示,2000—2020年北方农牧交错区95%以上区域的植被生态功能呈现变好趋势。其中,NPP、水土保持和水源涵养能力的提升幅度分别为57.1%、57.3%和86.7%。植被NPP由2000年的502.6 g∙m^-2∙a^-1（以C计,下同）增加到2020年的789.6 g∙m^-2∙a^-1;水土保持量由2000年的473.5 t∙hm^-2∙a^-1增加到2020年的744.9 t∙hm^-2∙a^-1;水源涵养能力指数由2000年的42.7增加到2020年的79.7。NPP、水土保持功能和水源涵养能力指数明显提高预示该区域生态系统向良性发展。其中,年降水量增加是驱动植被生态功能变化的关键气候因素。人类的生态保护措施使林地和草地等生态用地面积大幅度上升是促进生态功能提高的主要人为因素。

关键词: 生态功能, 植被净初级生产力, 水土保持, 水源涵养, 驱动因子

Abstract:

Northern China’s farming-pastoral ecotone is an ecologically fragile and sensitive transitional zone that serves an important role in China’s environmental protection strategies. This paper aims to evaluate the trends and driving factors of changes in vegetation ecological function throughout the agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China from 2000 to 2020 using satellite remote sensing and meteorological observation data. Vegetation net primary productivity (NPP), water conservation, and soil-water conservation values were used as indicators to quantify vegetation ecological function in this period. The long-term trends in vegetation ecological function were assessed through spatial overlay analysis, trend analysis, and correlation analysis. The driving effects of climate and human activities on vegetation ecological function were also analyzed. The results indicate that more than 95% of the vegetation ecological functions in the northern agro-pastoral ecotone showed significant improvement from 2000 to 2020. The values of vegetation NPP, soil-water conservation function, and water conservation function improved by 57.1%, 57.3% and 86.7% respectively. Specifically, vegetation NPP increased from 502.6 g∙m^-2∙a^-1 (by C, the same below) in 2000 to 789.6 g∙m^-2∙a^-1 in 2020, soil-water conservation function increased from 473.5 t∙hm^-2∙a^-1 in 2000 to 744.9 t∙hm^-2∙a^-1 in 2020, and water conservation service capacity index increased from 42.7 in 2000 to 79.7 in 2020. The significant trends in vegetation NPP, soil-water conservation function, and water conservation function indicate favorable improvement in the regional ecosystem. Among the many driving factors that have contributed to these trends, increased annual precipitation is the key climatic factor that has led to changes in vegetation ecological function. Likewise, environmental protection measures have greatly increased the area of conserved forests and grasslands, and have thus promoted the improvement of ecological function in this region.

Key words: ecological function, net primary productivity of vegetation (NPP), water and soil conservation, water conservation, driving factors

中图分类号:

Q948
X173

王丽霞, 史园莉, 张宏伟, 毕晓玲, 申文明, 马万栋. 2000—2020年北方农牧交错区植被生态功能变化及驱动因子分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(10): 1990-1998.

WANG Lixia, SHI Yuanli, ZHANG Hongwei, BI Xiaoling, SHEN Wenming, MA Wandong. Analysis of Vegetation Ecological Function Changes and Driving Factors in Farming-pastoral Ecotone in Northern China from 2000 to 2020[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(10): 1990-1998.

图/表 7

图1 研究区地理位置（A）、地形特征（B）、年降水（C）和年均气温（D）分布图

Fig. 1 Location (A), geomorphological features (B), annual precipitation (C) and annual average temperature (D) of study area

表1 三大草地区的鲜草质量计算公式1）

Table 1 Formula of fresh grass mass in three grass areas

区域 Zone	范围 Region	反演公式 Inversion formula
东北草地区 Northeast grass	黑龙江、辽宁、吉林和内蒙古东部 Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Jilin and Eastern Inner Mongolia	Y=385.362×e^3.813×NDVI
西北草地区 Northwest grass	内蒙古大部、甘肃、宁夏 Most of Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Ningxia	Y=6381.86×NDVI-521.52
黄土草地区 Loess grass area	河北、山西、陕西 Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi	Y=18377×NDVI^2.0233

图2 2000—2020年研究区平均的NPP（A）、水土保持（C）和水源涵养能力指数（E）及变化（B,D,F）分布图

Fig. 2 Distribution of the average NPP (A), soil and water conservation (C) and water conservation capacity index (E) and their changes (B, D, F) from 2000 to 2020 in the study area

图3 2000-2020年研究区NPP、水土保持和水源涵养能力指数与年均降水（A）和年均气温（B）变化趋势图和相关关系图（C,D）

Fig. 3 Trend (A, B) of NPP, soil and water conservation, water conservation capacity index, average annual precipitation and average annual temperature, and their correlations (C, D) in the study area from 2000 to 2020

表2 2000—2018年研究区土地利用面积

Table 2 Land use area from 2000 to 2018 in the study area km2

年份 Year	林地 Forest	草地 Grass land	湿地 Wet land	未利用地 Unused land	耕地 Farmland	建设用地 Construction land
2000	82373.9	253701.0	12488.3	48372.7	208567.0	15035.0
2010	85497.4	250335.0	12228.1	49434.1	206810.0	16231.2
2018	85627.9	246440.9	11394.2	49200.3	207516.5	20378.0

表3 2000—2018年研究区土地利用转移矩阵

Table 3 Land use transfer matrix from 2000 to 2018 in the study area km2

2018	2000
2018	耕地 Farm land	林地 Forest	草地 Grass	湿地 Wet land	建设用地 Construction land	未利用地 Unused land
耕地 Farm land	191838.41	3863.75	7516.88	752.81	3603.81	1003.75
林地 Forest	2011.00	77444.7	2125.50	109.81	492.69	180.75
草地 Grass	9724.44	3710.63	232873.66	383.13	2199.25	4831.63
水域 Water body	886.75	122.50	404.56	9551.69	112.00	1422.38
建设用地 Construction land	945.94	132.13	302.56	38.94	13543.38	79.56
未利用地 Unused land	2115.69	345.69	3214.94	578.50	448.88	41672.38

图4 研究区2018年土地利用（A）和2000—2018年土地利用变化（B）分布图

Fig. 4 Distribution map of land use in 2018 (A) and their changes from 2000 to 2018 (B) in the study area

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2000—2020年北方农牧交错区植被生态功能变化及驱动因子分析

Analysis of Vegetation Ecological Function Changes and Driving Factors in Farming-pastoral Ecotone in Northern China from 2000 to 2020

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