Abstract:

Mulch films have been used to limit moisture loss, adjust soli temperature, and to suppress weed growth. The technique is indispensable in Chinese agriculture production. Besides, it also has made great contribution to the rise of yield as well as Chinses food security. In China, however, plastic films are often heavily used without proper recycling. Residual plastic in the soil accumulated progressively and became a threat to sustainable crop production and natural environment. Currently, we made some improvements to control plastic film pollution, but we are still facing formidable challenges, such as unclarity regulations, tenuity supervision, incapacity execution, lacking eco-friendly alternative techniques and the shortage of practical recycling methods. To overcome these challenges, we analyzed the regulation rules and standards about mulch films which are applied in developed countries and concluded some management experiences and solutions. Here, we propose the firstly, establishing supervision system to keep substandard products away from market and field. This can be achieved by clarifying the regulatory departments responsibility during the whole process of mulch films production, circulation and installation. Secondly, limiting the usage of mulch films from the source. Suitability assessments should be made before mulch films are applied. For example, in wet subtropical areas, the usage of films should be limited or prohibited. For areas with poor resource, the mulch films should be installed more efficiently in order to reduce the film usage. Thirdly, promoting the mulch films recycling. Supporting policies need to be introduced by the government, like regional green products subsidies plan. The announced supporting plans should coordinate together with the market in developing a sustainable recycling flow. Last but not least, more investments should be applied in green technology research projects and degradable film development, which will be also helpful for us to improve our assessment criteria for the film products.

Key words: mulch film, regulation rule, standard, recovery situation

摘要：

农用地膜覆盖技术具有良好的增温、保墒、除草等作用,已成为中国农业生产上不可或缺的农艺措施,为作物增产增收和保障中国粮食安全做出了巨大贡献。由于长期重使用、轻回收,随着农用地膜的用量和覆膜年限增加,废旧地膜在土壤中的残留量逐年增多,残膜污染已严重影响农业生产和自然环境,成为影响中国农业可持续发展的突出问题。中国的农用地膜污染防治工作总体起步较晚,虽然取得了一定成效,但还面临着政策不健全,监管有难度,执行不到位,回收、替代技术不成熟等困难和问题,防治任务依然艰巨。文章通过深入分析欧美与日本发达国家农用地膜推广使用方面的相关政策及标准,总结归纳了国内外农用地膜管理和回收经验,为今后制定出台适应中国国情的农用地膜管理政策提供参考。建议：（1）推进全程监管,出台相关法律规章,明确生产、流通、使用等各环节的监管责任,建立全程监管体系,从源头上杜绝脱标地膜进入市场、铺进农田;（2）推进源头减量,开展地膜覆盖技术适宜性评价,强化地膜使用控制,对水热资源条件较好的地区,减少地膜覆盖或不再使用地膜,对资源禀赋较差的地区,提高地膜使用效率,降低使用强度;（3）推进回收利用,推动完善政府扶持、市场主导的农膜回收利用体系,探索农膜回收利用长效机制,推动建立区域性绿色补贴政策;（4）推进技术创新,依托科技平台,加大新产品、新设备的研发力度,加强可降解地膜产品和技术跟踪,制定完善评价标准体系。

关键词: 农用地膜, 使用政策, 执行标准, 回收状况