Abstract:

Ecological risk refers to the adverse impact on the structure of an ecosystem in a region under external pressure and disturbance. The habitat quality of a region indicates the potential of the ecosystem to provide the necessary conditions for the survival and reproduction of species within it. Ecological risk assessment and habitat quality assessment, as two sides of the same coin of ecosystem health, are closely related to ecosystem health. Exploring the correlation between landscape ecological risk and habitat quality in the Yellow River Basin (Inner Mongolia section) is of great significance for promoting the high-quality development of ecological civilization and enhancing ecosystem security in the Basin. This study calculated the regional landscape ecological risk index and habitat quality index using landscape risk loss and habitat quality models. We used Moran’s I index and a coupling coordination model to explore the spatiotemporal evolution and coupling relationship between landscape ecological risk and habitat quality in the Yellow River Basin (Inner Mongolia section) from 2000‒2020. The results showed that: 1) Land use in the Yellow River Basin (Inner Mongolia section) is mainly grassland and unused land, accounting for more than 70%, whereas the areas of forest land and water are relatively small. The area of construction land continued to expand from 2000 to 2020, and the area of grassland was reduced during the same period. 2) The overall landscape ecological risk in the Yellow River Basin (Inner Mongolia section) was low from 2000 to 2020, with the risk level showing an upward trend. Spatially, this manifested as a shift from low risk to high risk in the eastern part of Ordos City and the northern part of Bayannur City. The overall habitat quality was relatively high, and spatially, it showed the characteristics of low values distributed in the central plain area dominated by construction and cultivated land, and high values concentrated in the plateau area in the eastern part of the study area. This was characterized by a shift from low to high risk in the central region. The habitat quality was generally high, with a spatial pattern of low quality in the center and high quality in the surrounding areas. Over time, areas with low habitat quality expanded, whereas areas with high-quality habitat shrank. 3) A strong negative correlation exists between landscape ecological risk and habitat quality, exhibiting a spatial clustering pattern of adjacent high and low values. From 2000 to 2020, the coupling degree between landscape ecological risk and habitat quality in the Yellow River Basin (Inner Mongolia section) was relatively high. The highly coupled areas were mainly distributed in the Hetao Plain, the antagonistic areas were primarily concentrated in the western grassland, and the transition areas were mainly located in the sandy and mountainous areas of the eastern and northern regions. The coupling coordination level between the two was mainly mild dysregulation and near-dysregulation, showing an upward trend. Based on the above research results, the study area was classified into three types of regions for differentiated management and control. The results provide a reference for a deeper understanding of the coupling and synergistic relationship between ecological risk and habitat quality, as well as for regionalized management and control in the Yellow River Basin (Inner Mongolia section).

Key words: landscape ecological risk, habitat quality, coupling coordination degree, InVEST model, Yellow River Basin (Inner Mongolia Section)

摘要：

探究黄河流域（内蒙古段）景观生态风险和生境质量的相关关系，对促进黄河流域生态文明高质量发展、提高生态系统安全具有重要意义。借助景观风险损失模型、生境质量模型等计算区域景观生态风险指数和生境质量指数，运用莫兰指数和耦合协调模型，探讨2000－2020年黄河流域（内蒙古段）的景观生态风险与生境质量的时空演变及耦合关系。结果表明，1）黄河流域（内蒙古段）的土地利用以草地和未利用为主，占比超过70%，而林地和水域面积相对较少；2000－2020年建设用地持续扩张，草地面积不断减少。2）2000－2020年（内蒙古段）的景观生态风险总体处于低水平，但风险等级整体呈上升趋势，空间上表现为鄂尔多斯市东部和巴彦淖尔市北部的低风险向高风险转移；生境质量总体较高，低值集中在以建设用地和耕地为主的中部平原区，高值集中在研究区的东部高原区，随时间的推进而演变为低生境面积不断扩大，高生境范围不断萎缩。3）景观生态风险与生境质量存在强烈的负相关关系，呈现出高值与低值相邻分布的空间集聚特征。2000－2020年黄河流域（内蒙古段）景观生态风险与生境质量的耦合程度较高，高度耦合区主要分布在河套平原，拮抗区域主要集中在西部草原区，磨合区则主要位于东部和北部的沙地及山地区域；两者的耦合协调等级以轻度失调和濒临失调为主。基于以上的研究结果，将研究区划分为三类区域进行差异化管控。研究结果可为深入理解黄河流域（内蒙古段）生态风险与生境质量的耦合协同关系以及分区管控提供参考。

关键词: 景观生态风险, 生境质量, 耦合协调度, InVEST模型, 黄河流域（内蒙古段）