Abstract:

As the intensity of human activities increases daily, it causes a decline in habitat quality in nature reserves and the gradual loss of wildlife habitats. The giant panda habitat in the Jiajin Mountain Range is rich in biodiversity, and contains rare and endangered species. Contradictions between humans and land are prominent, and biodiversity is a serious threat. Studying the response of habitat quality to the intensity of human activities and exploring the coordinated coupling state between them is of great significance for understanding the survival status and threats to species, and for judging the effectiveness of management. This study is based on Landsat images from 2001, 2009, 2016, and 2021 combined with multi-source remote sensing data. It utilizes the Human Footprint Index to measure the intensity of human activities, and the InVEST model to assess habitat quality. Using the Geographically Weighted Regression model and the Coupling Coordination Model, this study measured the response of habitat quality of the Giant Panda Habitat in the Jiajin Mountains to human activity intensity and the coupling coordination relationship between them. The findings indicate the following. 1) From 2001 to 2021, the Human Footprint index exhibited a polarization trend. The range of high Human Footprint index values expanded from 0.11% to 0.29%, whereas the distribution range of low Human Footprint index values decreased from 69.43% to 60.12%. 2) During the same period, the average rate of habitat quality from 2001 to 2021 was 0.03% and the overall habitat quality fluctuated slightly, with higher and high-quality habitats accounting for over 62% of the area. Spatially, this presented a pattern of being low in the middle, high around the edges, and low at the periphery of the ring-like distribution. 3) From 2001 to 2021, regions that were positively and negatively affected by human activity intensity remained relatively fixed. Notably, the proportion of areas showing positive correlations (58%) surpassed that of the areas showing negative correlations (42%). However, the negative effects were more pronounced. 4) Between 2001 and 2021, the relationship between human activity intensity and habitat quality was characterized as “high coupling and primary coordination”, with a spatial pattern of being low in the middle and high around the edges. This study can inform the scientific management and control of human activity ranges, facilitate the coordination of human activity spaces and ecological spaces, and serve as a reference for the ecological environment assessment and management of nature reserves.

Key words: human footprint, habitat quality, InVEST model, geographical weighted regression model, coupling coordination model, the Giant Panda Sanctuary

摘要：

人类活动强度日益加剧，致使自然保护区生境质量下降，野生动物栖息地日渐丧失。夹金山脉大熊猫栖息地是生物多样性与稀濒物种富集区，而人地矛盾凸显，生物多样性面临严重威胁。研究生境质量对人类活动强度的响应，探讨它们之间的协调耦合状态，对于了解物种的生存现状与威胁，判断管理成效具有重要意义。基于2001、2009、2016、2021年等4个时期Landsat影像，结合多源遥感数据，利用人类足迹指数测度人类活动强度，借助InVEST模型测度生境质量，利用地理加权回归模型及耦合协调模型，测度夹金山脉大熊猫栖息地生境质量对人类活动强度的响应及二者之间的耦合协调关系。研究表明：1）2001－2021年人类足迹指数呈现两极分化趋势，高人类足迹指数范围扩大，比例由0.11%增加至0.29%，但低人类足迹指数分布范围减缩，由69.43%减少至60.12%，空间上呈现中间高、四周低的分布特征;2）2001－2021年生境质量平均值变化率为0.03%，整体波动较小，较高和高等级生境质量占比超过62%，空间上呈现中间低、四周高、外围低的环状分布特征;3）2001－2021年间人类活动强度对生境质量的正负影响区域相对较为固定，且正相关关系区域（58%）占比高于负相关关系区域（42%）比例，但负面效应愈加显著;4）2001－2021间人类活动强度与生境质量之间表现为“高耦合初级协调”状态，空间上呈现中间低四周高的分布格局。该研究对协调人类活动空间与生态空间的关系，以及对自然保护区生态环境评价和管理具有一定的参考意义。

关键词: 人类足迹指数, 生境质量, InVEST模型, 地理加权回归模型, 耦合协调模型, 大熊猫栖息地