Ecology and Environmental Sciences ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (11): 1770-1777.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.11.010
• Research Article [Environmental Science] • Previous Articles Next Articles
LIANG Yadi1(
), YAO Xuewen1, LI Hanbo1, CHEN Zhihuai1, LI Hongbo2, OUYANG Minghan1, LUO Xiaosan1,*()
Received:2025-04-04
Online:2025-11-18
Published:2025-11-05
梁亚迪1(), 姚雪雯1, 李涵博1, 陈志怀1, 历红波2, 欧阳铭韩1, 罗小三1,*()
通讯作者:
E-mail: 作者简介:梁亚迪（1997年生），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为大气环境与健康。E-mail:15236265027@163.com
基金资助:CLC Number:
LIANG Yadi, YAO Xuewen, LI Hanbo, CHEN Zhihuai, LI Hongbo, OUYANG Minghan, LUO Xiaosan. The Content Characteristics, Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessments of Heavy Metals in Typical Tire Wear Particles (TWPs)[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2025, 34(11): 1770-1777.
梁亚迪, 姚雪雯, 李涵博, 陈志怀, 历红波, 欧阳铭韩, 罗小三. 典型轮胎磨损颗粒中重金属的含量特征及生态和健康风险评估[J]. 生态环境学报, 2025, 34(11): 1770-1777.
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URL: https://www.jeesci.com/EN/10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.11.010
| 样品编号 | 轮胎规格型号 | 速度等级 | 车型 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 26x1.95 | 自行车 | |
| 2 | 70/80-10 | J | 摩托车 |
| 3 | 175/65R15 | H | 乘用汽车 |
| 4 | 185/60R15 | H | |
| 5 | 205/55R16 | W | |
| 6 | 205/55R16 | V | |
| 7 | 225/65R17 | V | |
| 8 | 175/70R14LT | S | |
| 9 | 175/70R14 | H | |
| 10 | 7.00R16 | M | 轻型卡车 |
| 11 | 12R22.5 | L | 重型卡车 |
Table 1 Parameters of 11 types of tires selected for the tread wearing experiment
| 样品编号 | 轮胎规格型号 | 速度等级 | 车型 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 26x1.95 | 自行车 | |
| 2 | 70/80-10 | J | 摩托车 |
| 3 | 175/65R15 | H | 乘用汽车 |
| 4 | 185/60R15 | H | |
| 5 | 205/55R16 | W | |
| 6 | 205/55R16 | V | |
| 7 | 225/65R17 | V | |
| 8 | 175/70R14LT | S | |
| 9 | 175/70R14 | H | |
| 10 | 7.00R16 | M | 轻型卡车 |
| 11 | 12R22.5 | L | 重型卡车 |
| 元素 | Zn | Mn | Cu | Cd | Cr | Ni | Pb | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 参考值 | 65.0 | 622 | 20.0 | 110 | 54.0 | 22.0 | 22.0 | 史长义等, |
Table 2 Background reference values of heavy metals in sediments mg?kg?1
| 元素 | Zn | Mn | Cu | Cd | Cr | Ni | Pb | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 参考值 | 65.0 | 622 | 20.0 | 110 | 54.0 | 22.0 | 22.0 | 史长义等, |
| IER, i | IER | 风险分级标准 |
|---|---|---|
| IER, i <40 | IER<150 | 轻微 |
| 40≤ IER, i <80 | 150≤IER<300 | 中等 |
| 80≤ IER, i <160 | 300≤IER<600 | 强 |
| 160≤ IER, i <320 | 600≤IER<1200 | 很强 |
| 320≤ IER, i | 1200≤IER | 极强 |
Table 3 Potential ecological risk grading criteria for pollutants in sediments
| IER, i | IER | 风险分级标准 |
|---|---|---|
| IER, i <40 | IER<150 | 轻微 |
| 40≤ IER, i <80 | 150≤IER<300 | 中等 |
| 80≤ IER, i <160 | 300≤IER<600 | 强 |
| 160≤ IER, i <320 | 600≤IER<1200 | 很强 |
| 320≤ IER, i | 1200≤IER | 极强 |
| 参数 | 含义 | 单位 | 儿童（ch）取值 | 成人（a）取值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | 暴露频率 | d∙a−1 | 180 | 180 |
| Y | 暴露年限 | a | 6 | 24 |
| W | 平均体重 | kg | 24.5 | 60.1 |
| DH | 非致癌平均暴露时间 | d | Y | Y |
| DC | 致癌平均暴露时间 | d | 74.8 | 74.8 |
| FPE | 灰尘颗粒物排放因子 | m3∙kg−1 | 1.36×109 | 1.36×109 |
| RR | 吸入率 | m3∙d−1 | 9.3 | 16.3 |
Table 4 Average exposure parameters for the dust inhalation
| 参数 | 含义 | 单位 | 儿童（ch）取值 | 成人（a）取值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | 暴露频率 | d∙a−1 | 180 | 180 |
| Y | 暴露年限 | a | 6 | 24 |
| W | 平均体重 | kg | 24.5 | 60.1 |
| DH | 非致癌平均暴露时间 | d | Y | Y |
| DC | 致癌平均暴露时间 | d | 74.8 | 74.8 |
| FPE | 灰尘颗粒物排放因子 | m3∙kg−1 | 1.36×109 | 1.36×109 |
| RR | 吸入率 | m3∙d−1 | 9.3 | 16.3 |
| 参数 | 单位 | Zn | Mn | Cu | Cd | Cr | Ni | Pb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RRf, i | mg∙kg−1∙d−1 | 0.3 | 1.43×10−5 | 4.02×10−2 | 5.7×10−6 | 2.86×10−5 | 2.06×10−2 | 3.52×10−3 |
| RSF, i | （mg∙kg−1∙d−1）−1 | 7.05 | 42 | 0.84 |
Table 5 Reference dose (RRf, i) and oncogenic slope factor (RSF, i) of heavy metals in particulate matter by inhalation exposure)
| 参数 | 单位 | Zn | Mn | Cu | Cd | Cr | Ni | Pb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RRf, i | mg∙kg−1∙d−1 | 0.3 | 1.43×10−5 | 4.02×10−2 | 5.7×10−6 | 2.86×10−5 | 2.06×10−2 | 3.52×10−3 |
| RSF, i | （mg∙kg−1∙d−1）−1 | 7.05 | 42 | 0.84 |
Figure 1 The content of various typical heavy metals in tread wear particles of different tires
| 车型 | IER, i | IER | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zn | Mn | Cu | Cd | Cr | Ni | Pb | ||
| 自行车 | 2.43 | 0.03 | 2.35 | 0.51 | 0.45 | 1.49 | 2.29 | 9.55 |
| 摩托车 | 2.81 | 0.05 | 6.22 | 0.50 | 2.26 | 4.30 | 3.39 | 19.5 |
| 乘用汽车 | 6.23 | 0.03 | 5.27 | 0.23 | 0.72 | 1.89 | 4.21 | 18.6 |
| 轻型货车 | 5.85 | 0.06 | 4.53 | 0.23 | 0.74 | 2.80 | 6.51 | 20.7 |
| 重型货车 | 5.47 | 0.11 | 10.6 | 4.59 | 0.78 | 4.70 | 11.6 | 37.9 |
Table 6 Ecological risks of heavy metals in TWPs of different types of tire treads
| 车型 | IER, i | IER | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zn | Mn | Cu | Cd | Cr | Ni | Pb | ||
| 自行车 | 2.43 | 0.03 | 2.35 | 0.51 | 0.45 | 1.49 | 2.29 | 9.55 |
| 摩托车 | 2.81 | 0.05 | 6.22 | 0.50 | 2.26 | 4.30 | 3.39 | 19.5 |
| 乘用汽车 | 6.23 | 0.03 | 5.27 | 0.23 | 0.72 | 1.89 | 4.21 | 18.6 |
| 轻型货车 | 5.85 | 0.06 | 4.53 | 0.23 | 0.74 | 2.80 | 6.51 | 20.7 |
| 重型货车 | 5.47 | 0.11 | 10.6 | 4.59 | 0.78 | 4.70 | 11.6 | 37.9 |
| 人群 | 车型 | Zn | Mn | Cu | Cd | Cr | Ni | Pb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 儿童 | 自行车 | 7.24×10−8 | 1.50×10−4 | 3.24×10−8 | 4.50×10−5 | 5.86×10−5 | 4.39×10−8 | 3.94×10−7 |
| 摩托车 | 8.37×10−8 | 3.23×10−4 | 8.56×10−8 | 4.41×10−5 | 2.94×10−4 | 1.26×10−7 | 5.82×10−7 | |
| 乘用汽车 | 1.86×10−7 | 1.94×10−4 | 7.25×10−8 | 2.01×10−5 | 9.34×10−5 | 5.54×10−8 | 7.24×10−7 | |
| 轻型货车 | 1.74×10−7 | 3.33×10−4 | 6.23×10−8 | 2.04×10−5 | 9.65×10−5 | 8.23×10−8 | 1.12×10−6 | |
| 重型货车 | 1.63×10−7 | 6.52×10−4 | 1.47×10−7 | 4.07×10−4 | 1.01×10−4 | 1.38×10−7 | 2.00×10−6 | |
| 成人 | 自行车 | 5.18×10−8 | 1.07×10−4 | 2.30×10−8 | 3.21×10−5 | 4.18×10−5 | 3.14×10−8 | 2.81×10−7 |
| 摩托车 | 5.98×10−8 | 2.30×10−4 | 6.08×10−8 | 3.15×10−5 | 2.10×10−4 | 9.03×10−8 | 4.16×10−7 | |
| 乘用汽车 | 1.33×10−7 | 1.39×10−4 | 5.15×10−8 | 1.44×10−5 | 6.67×10−5 | 3.96×10−8 | 5.18×10−7 | |
| 轻型货车 | 1.25×10−7 | 2.38×10−4 | 4.43×10−8 | 1.45×10−5 | 6.90×10−5 | 5.88×10−8 | 8.00×10−7 | |
| 重型货车 | 1.16×10−7 | 4.65×10−4 | 1.04×10−7 | 2.90×10−4 | 7.23×10−5 | 9.87×10−8 | 1.43×10−6 |
Table 7 Non-cancer hazard quotients (QH) for heavy metals in different types of TWPs by inhalation exposure pathway
| 人群 | 车型 | Zn | Mn | Cu | Cd | Cr | Ni | Pb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 儿童 | 自行车 | 7.24×10−8 | 1.50×10−4 | 3.24×10−8 | 4.50×10−5 | 5.86×10−5 | 4.39×10−8 | 3.94×10−7 |
| 摩托车 | 8.37×10−8 | 3.23×10−4 | 8.56×10−8 | 4.41×10−5 | 2.94×10−4 | 1.26×10−7 | 5.82×10−7 | |
| 乘用汽车 | 1.86×10−7 | 1.94×10−4 | 7.25×10−8 | 2.01×10−5 | 9.34×10−5 | 5.54×10−8 | 7.24×10−7 | |
| 轻型货车 | 1.74×10−7 | 3.33×10−4 | 6.23×10−8 | 2.04×10−5 | 9.65×10−5 | 8.23×10−8 | 1.12×10−6 | |
| 重型货车 | 1.63×10−7 | 6.52×10−4 | 1.47×10−7 | 4.07×10−4 | 1.01×10−4 | 1.38×10−7 | 2.00×10−6 | |
| 成人 | 自行车 | 5.18×10−8 | 1.07×10−4 | 2.30×10−8 | 3.21×10−5 | 4.18×10−5 | 3.14×10−8 | 2.81×10−7 |
| 摩托车 | 5.98×10−8 | 2.30×10−4 | 6.08×10−8 | 3.15×10−5 | 2.10×10−4 | 9.03×10−8 | 4.16×10−7 | |
| 乘用汽车 | 1.33×10−7 | 1.39×10−4 | 5.15×10−8 | 1.44×10−5 | 6.67×10−5 | 3.96×10−8 | 5.18×10−7 | |
| 轻型货车 | 1.25×10−7 | 2.38×10−4 | 4.43×10−8 | 1.45×10−5 | 6.90×10−5 | 5.88×10−8 | 8.00×10−7 | |
| 重型货车 | 1.16×10−7 | 4.65×10−4 | 1.04×10−7 | 2.90×10−4 | 7.23×10−5 | 9.87×10−8 | 1.43×10−6 |
| 车型 | Cd | Cr | Ni |
|---|---|---|---|
| 自行车 | 5.95×10−10 | 2.18×10−8 | 2.35×10−10 |
| 摩托车 | 5.83×10−10 | 1.09×10−7 | 6.77×10−10 |
| 乘用汽车 | 2.67×10−10 | 3.47×10−8 | 2.97×10−10 |
| 轻型货车 | 2.69×10−10 | 3.59×10−8 | 4.41×10−10 |
| 重型货车 | 5.38×10−9 | 3.76×10−8 | 7.40×10−10 |
Table 8 Lifetime cancer risk values (ICR, i) for heavy metals in different types of TWPs by inhalation exposure pathway
| 车型 | Cd | Cr | Ni |
|---|---|---|---|
| 自行车 | 5.95×10−10 | 2.18×10−8 | 2.35×10−10 |
| 摩托车 | 5.83×10−10 | 1.09×10−7 | 6.77×10−10 |
| 乘用汽车 | 2.67×10−10 | 3.47×10−8 | 2.97×10−10 |
| 轻型货车 | 2.69×10−10 | 3.59×10−8 | 4.41×10−10 |
| 重型货车 | 5.38×10−9 | 3.76×10−8 | 7.40×10−10 |
Figure 2 Non-cancer total hazard index (IH) and lifetime cancer total risk index (ICR) of heavy metals in different types of TWPs by inhalation exposure pathway
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