Abstract:

The plant diversity in the lakeside zone is the key for maintaining the stability of the lakeside ecosystem. The invasion of alien plants disrupts the ecological balance of the lakeside zone and poses a threat to the ecological safety of the lakeside zone. Based on the reports and field investigations, the first list of invasive plants in the lakeside zones of nine plateau lakes in Yunnan Province was compiled to reveal the composition and distribution characteristics of invasive plants. The species composition, origin, life form, distribution characteristics, floristic type, and reproductive characteristics were analyzed. Results showed that there were 64 invasive plants belonging to 23 families and 52 genera in the lakeside zones of nine plateau lakes in Yunnan Province. In terms of species composition, most of these invasive plants were Asteraceae and Amaranthaceae families. In terms of distribution characteristics, Dianchi Lake had the highest number of invasive plants, and Lugu Lake had the lowest number of invasive plants. In terms of origin, more than 50% of these invasive plants came from America. In terms of life form, most of these invasive plants were herbs, with annual herbs being the most common. In terms of species distribution, Trifolium repens, Eichhornia crassipes, Dysphania ambrosioides, and Alternanthera philoxeroides had a wider distribution than others. In terms of floristic type, the families and genera of these invasive plants exhibited widespread and pantropical distribution characteristics. In terms of reproductive characteristics, the flowering period of these invasive plants was mainly concentrated from July to October, and most of their fruit types were hairy slender fruits. Our research shows that the number of invasive plant species in the lakeside zones has increased. The difference in the number of invasive plant species may be related to altitude, temperature, and population density. High altitudes, low annual temperatures, and less population density are all factors that can help reduce the number of invasive plant species in these lakeside zones. The findings provide a theoretical basis for ecological risk assessment and prevention and control deployment in the lakeside zone of plateau lakes.

Key words: plateau lakes, lakeside, invasive alien plants, species compositions, distribution characteristics, ecological security, risk control

摘要：

湖滨带植物多样性是湖滨带生态系统维持稳定的关键，入侵植物的出现破坏湖滨带生态平衡，对湖滨带生态安全造成威胁。为揭示云南九大高原湖泊湖滨带入侵植物组成与分布特征，基于文献报道及野外踏查，整理得到云南九大高原湖泊湖滨带外来入侵植物名录，并对其种类组成、原产地、生活型、分布特征、区系类型、繁殖特征进行了分析。结果显示，云南九大高原湖泊湖滨带有外来入侵植物64种，隶属于23科52属。从种类组成上看，外来入侵植物多为菊科（Asteraceae）和苋科（Amaranthaceae）;从分布特征上看，滇池湖滨带入侵植物分布最多，泸沽湖湖滨带入侵植物分布最少;从原产地上看，超过50%的入侵植物来自美洲;从生活型上看，外来入侵植物几乎均为草本植物，且以一年生草本植物居多;从物种分布上看，白车轴草Trifolium repens、凤眼莲Eichhornia crassipes、土荆芥Dysphania ambrosioides、喜旱莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides分布最广;从区系类型上看，九大高原湖泊湖滨带外来入侵植物科和属的区系类型均具有明显的广布与泛热带分布特征;从繁殖特征上看，外来入侵植物花期集中于7－10月，果实类型多为被毛瘦果。研究表明，云南九大高原湖泊湖滨带入侵植物较为多样，与同区域数据比对后发现九大高原湖泊湖滨带入侵植物种数有所增加。不同湖滨带入侵植物种数的差异可能与海拔、温度和周边人口数量有关，较高的海拔，较低的年均温以及较少的周边人口数量都有利于减少湖滨带入侵植物种数。研究结果将为高原湖泊湖滨带生态系统风险评估和防控部署提供理论基础。

关键词: 高原湖泊, 湖滨带, 入侵植物, 物种组成, 分布特征, 生态安全, 风险防控