Spatio-temporal Evolution and Population Exposure Risk to PM2.5 in the Weihe River Basin

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.06.009

Ecology and Environment ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 1078-1088.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.06.009

• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles

Spatio-temporal Evolution and Population Exposure Risk to PM_2.5 in the Weihe River Basin

DONG Jiefang¹(), DENG Chun²^,^*(), ZHANG Zhongwu³

1. Yellow River Cultural and Ecological Research Institute, Yuncheng University/Department of Cultural and Tourism, Yuncheng University,Yuncheng 044000, P. R. China
2. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
3. School of Geography Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, P. R. China

Received:2022-09-30 Online:2023-06-18 Published:2023-09-01
Contact: DENG Chun

渭河流域PM_2.5时空演化及人口暴露风险

董洁芳¹(), 邓椿²^,^*(), 张仲伍³

1.运城学院黄河文化生态研究院/运城学院文化旅游系，山西运城 044000
2.西北大学城市与环境学院，陕西西安 710127
3.山西师范大学地理科学学院，山西太原 030000

通讯作者: 邓椿
作者简介:董洁芳（1984年生），女，副教授，博士，硕士研究生导师，主要研究方向为区域经济与生态旅游开发。E-mail: dongjiefang-2005@163.com
基金资助:
山西省黄河文化生态研究院项目(HH202101);运城学院旅游管理重点学科项目(XK-2021031)

Abstract

Abstract:

The investigation of the spatio-temporal evolution of PM_2.5 and its associated risk of population exposure holds paramount significance for environmental risk assessment, habitat enhancement, and the development of precise air pollution prevention and control policies by governmental environmental protection agencies. The Weihe River Basin serves as a crucial industrial base of the country and represents an important part of a national urban agglomeration, as well as the Guanzhong-Tianshui national economic zone. Mitigating the risk of population exposure to PM_2.5in this region is an inevitable step towards high-quality development. Based on remote sensing inversion data of PM_2.5 and population grid distribution data in the Weihe River Basin from 2000 to 2020, the population exposure risk index was calculated. The temporal evolution characteristics of PM_2.5 quality concentration values and population exposure risk indices were identified using the Theil-Sen Median and Mann Kendall tests, respectively. Additionally, the spatial variation characteristics of these variables were analyzed through the utilization of GIS spatial exploration tools. The results showed that (1) the annual average quality concentration of PM_2.5 in the Weihe River Basin was 47.2 μg·m^-3 from 2000 to 2020. The highest value of 57.6 μg·m^-3 was recorded in 2013, while the lowest value of 31.8 μg·m^-3 was observed in 2020. This indicated a trend of initial increase followed by a decrease. Significance testing revealed a decreasing trend in PM_2.5 pollution levels in the Weihe River Basin. (2) The spatial distribution of annual average PM_2.5 quality concentrations exhibited distinct characteristics, with higher values in the eastern region and lower values in the western region. High values were mainly distributed in the lower reaches of the river basin, such as Xi’an, Xianyang and Weinan. Low values were mainly distributed in the middle and upper reaches of the river basin, such as Tianshui City, Dingxi City, Pingliang City, etc. (3) Overall, the risk level of PM_2.5 population exposure in the Weihe River Basin showed a downward trend from 2000 to 2020. However, the average proportion of the population exposed to more than 35 μg·m^-3 over the years was as high as 96.2%. Between 2000 and 2003, as well as from 2005 to 2014, the entire population in the Weihe River Basin experienced exposure to concentrations of 35 μg·m^-3 or higher. Nevertheless, the extent of high-risk areas decreased from 20.6% in 2000 to 17.1% in 2020. (4) The risk level of PM_2.5 population exposure demonstrated a spatial pattern with higher levels in the east and lower levels in the west, displaying significant spatial variation in the Weihe River Basin from 2000 to 2020. Urban built-up areas such as Weicheng, Qindu, and Weiyang predominantly exhibited a “hot spot” type with higher concentrations. Conversely, the “cold spot” type was mainly concentrated in higher elevation areas in the western part of the basin, including Dingxi, Tianshui, and Pingliang. The findings of this study provide a scientific foundation for formulating a collaborative prevention and control policy in managing PM_2.5 pollution within the Weihe River Basin.

Key words: PM_2.5, population exposure risk, remote sensing data, spatiotemporal characteristics, Weihe River Basin

摘要：

研究PM_2.5时空演化及人口暴露风险，对于环境风险评价及人居环境改善、政府环保部门制定针对性的空气污染防控政策具有重要意义。渭河流域是国家重要工业基地，也是国家级城市群和关中—天水国家级经济区的核心区域，降低该区域PM_2.5人口暴露风险是实现高质量发展的必然途径。基于渭河流域2000—2020年PM_2.5遥感反演数据和人口格网分布数据，测算人口暴露风险指数。采用Theil-Sen Median与Mann Kendall检验法，分别识别PM_2.5质量浓度值和人口暴露风险指数时间演化特征，并通过GIS空间探索工具，分析其空间变化特征。结果表明，（1）2000—2020年渭河流域PM_2.5年均质量浓度为47.2 μg·m^-3，最高值为2013年的57.6 μg·m^-3，最低值为2020年的31.8 μg·m^-3，呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势。趋势显著性检验发现，渭河流域PM_2.5污染情况呈现好转趋势。（2）PM_2.5年均质量浓度空间分布呈东高西低特征，高值主要集中在流域下游地区，如西安市、咸阳市和渭南市等。低值主要分布在流域中上游地区，如天水市、定西市、平凉市等。（3）2000—2020年渭河流域PM_2.5人口暴露风险等级总体呈下降趋势，但历年暴露于35 μg·m^-3以上人数占比均值高达96.2%。2000—2003年，2005—2014年间，渭河流域100%人口暴露于浓度值35 μg·m^-3以上。但高风险区域面积从2000年的20.6%下降为2020年的17.1%。（4）2000—2020年渭河流域历年PM_2.5人口暴露风险等级均呈现东高西低的空间格局，且空间差异较大，“热点”型主要集中渭城区、秦都区、未央区等城市建成区单元，“冷点”型主要分布在定西市、天水市、平凉市等流域西部海拔较高区域。研究结论可为渭河流域制定联防联控的PM_2.5污染治理政策提供科学依据。

关键词: PM_2.5, 人口暴露风险, 遥感数据, 时空特征, 渭河流域

CLC Number:

DONG Jiefang, DENG Chun, ZHANG Zhongwu. Spatio-temporal Evolution and Population Exposure Risk to PM_2.5 in the Weihe River Basin[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(6): 1078-1088.

董洁芳, 邓椿, 张仲伍. 渭河流域PM_2.5时空演化及人口暴露风险[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(6): 1078-1088.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1 Mann-Kendall test trend categories

β值	Z值	趋势特征
β>0	2.58<Z	极显著增加
	1.96<Z≤2.58	显著增加
	1.65<Z≤1.96	微显著增加
	Z≤1.65	不显著增加
β=0	Z	无变化
β<0	Z≤1.65	不显著减少
	1.65<Z≤1.96	微显著减少
	1.96<Z≤2.58	显著减少
	2.58<Z	极显著减少

Figure 1 Area proportion of PM2.5 concentration in Weihe River Basin from 2000 to 2020

Figure 2 Trends of PM2.5 concentration by types in the Weihe River basin from 2000 to 2020

Figure 3 Spatial distribution of PM2.5 annual concentration in the Weihe River basin from 2000 to 2020

Figure 4 Spatial clusters of PM2.5 annual concentration in the Weihe River basin from 2000 to 2020

Figure 5 The proportion of the population exposure risk to PM2.5 concentrations in the Weihe River basin from 2000 to 2020

Figure 6 Trend of area proportion of population exposure high-level risk to PM2.5 in the Weihe River basin from 2000 to 2020

Figure 7 Trend of population exposure risk to PM2.5 by type in the Weihe River basin from2000 to 2020

Figure 8 Spatial pattern of population exposure risk to PM2.5 in the Weihe River basin from 2000 to 2020

Figure 9 Spatial clusters of population exposure risk to PM2.5 n the Weihe River basin from 2000 to 2020

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