Acute Toxicity of Seventeen Herbicides Commonly Used to Earthworm (Eisenia fetida)

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.06.018

Ecology and Environment ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 1269-1275.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.06.018

• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles

Acute Toxicity of Seventeen Herbicides Commonly Used to Earthworm (Eisenia fetida)

LI Tao¹(), MENG Dandan², GUO Shuiliang², YUAN Guohui¹, QIAN Zhenguan¹, LV Weiguang¹^,^*()

1. Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
2. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China

Received:2020-12-26 Online:2021-06-18 Published:2021-09-10
Contact: LV Weiguang

17种常用除草剂对蚯蚓的急性毒性

李涛¹(), 孟丹丹², 郭水良², 袁国徽¹, 钱振官¹, 吕卫光¹^,^*()

1.上海市农业科学院,上海 201403
2.上海师范大学生命与环境科学学院,上海 200234

通讯作者: 吕卫光
作者简介:李涛（1982年生）,男,副研究员,硕士,主要从事杂草综合治理技术研究。E-mail: litao@saas.sh.cn
基金资助:
上海市科技兴农推广项目(沪农科推字（2018）第4—14号);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200500);上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设计划[2017(A-03)

Abstract

Abstract:

Earthworms are known to play an important role in improving soil, decomposing agricultural litter, and enhancing soil fertility and crop yield. The acute toxicity of 17 herbicides to Eisenia fetida was determined by a contact filter paper toxicity bioassay and an artificial soil toxicity bioassay. Results of 48 h by the contact filter paper toxicity bioassay, metamifop was high toxicity to E. fetida with LC₅₀(median lethal concentration) value of 7.6 μg∙cm^-2; pretilachlor, haloxyfop-R-methyl, and bentazone were moderate toxicity to E. fetida with LC₅₀ values of 10.7, 12.7, and 61.3 μg∙cm^-2, respectively; quinclorac, MCPA-Na, topramezone, glufosinate ammonium, nicosulfuron, and bispyribac-sodium were low toxicity to E. fetida with LC₅₀ values of 143.0, 198.2, 211.1, 466.9, 433.7, and 649.2 μg∙cm^-2, respectively; pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, penoxsulam, pyribenzoxim, cyhalofop-butyl, fluoroglycofen, pendimethalin, and mesotrione were slight toxicity to E. fetida with LC₅₀ values greater than 1000 μg∙cm^-2. Results of 14 d by the artificial soil toxicity bioassay, haloxyfop-R-methyl showed the highest toxicity to E. fetida with LC₅₀ value of 148.9 mg∙kg^-1; followed by pretilachlor, MCPA-Na, pendimethalin, and metamifop, the LC₅₀ values were 211.5, 335.0, 342.4, and 345.7 mg∙kg^-1, respectively; the other tested herbicides were low toxicity to E. fetida with LC₅₀ values greater than 500 mg∙kg^-1. According to the guidelines of environmental safety evaluation for chemical pesticides, the 17 herbicides determined by an artificial soil toxicity bioassay were low toxicity to E. fetida. The results of this study can provide new data information for assessing the ecological risk of herbicides to earthworm, and also provide technical guidance for the safe use of herbicides in agricultural production.

Key words: earthworm, herbicide, acute toxicity, Eisenia fetida, ecological environment

摘要：

蚯蚓在改良土壤、消解农业废弃物、提高土壤养分和作物产量方面发挥着重要的作用。为了评价除草剂对蚯蚓的毒性,采用滤纸接触法和人工土壤法测定了17种除草剂对赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia fetida）的急性毒性。滤纸接触法染毒48 h,噁唑酰草胺对赤子爱胜蚓的毒性最高,半数致死浓度LC₅₀（median lethal concentration）为7.6 μg∙cm^-2,属高毒级;其次为丙草胺、高效氟吡甲禾灵和灭草松,LC₅₀分别为10.7、12.7、61.3 μg∙cm^-2,属中毒级;二氯喹啉酸、2甲4氯钠、苯唑草酮、草铵膦、烟嘧磺隆和双草醚对赤子爱胜蚓的LC₅₀分别为143.0、198.2、211.1、466.9、433.7、649.2 μg∙cm^-2,属低毒级;吡嘧磺隆、五氟磺草胺、嘧啶肟草醚、氰氟草酯、乙羧氟草醚、二甲戊灵和硝磺草酮对赤子爱胜蚓的LC₅₀均大于1000 μg∙cm^-2,属微毒级。人工土壤法染毒14 d,高效氟吡甲禾灵对赤子爱胜蚓的毒性最高,LC₅₀为148.9 mg∙kg^-1;其次为丙草胺、2甲4氯钠、二甲戊灵和噁唑酰草胺,LC₅₀分别为211.5、335.0、342.4、345.7 mg∙kg^-1;此外,其他供试除草剂对赤子爱胜蚓的LC₅₀均大于500 mg∙kg^-1。根据《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》中的分级标准,采用人工土壤法测定的17种除草剂对赤子爱胜蚓的毒性均为低毒级。该研究可为评估除草剂对蚯蚓的生态风险提供新的数据信息,同时可为农业生产中安全使用除草剂提供技术指导。

关键词: 蚯蚓, 除草剂, 急性毒性, 赤子爱胜蚓, 生态环境

CLC Number:

X171.5

LI Tao, MENG Dandan, GUO Shuiliang, YUAN Guohui, QIAN Zhenguan, LV Weiguang. Acute Toxicity of Seventeen Herbicides Commonly Used to Earthworm (Eisenia fetida)[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(6): 1269-1275.

李涛, 孟丹丹, 郭水良, 袁国徽, 钱振官, 吕卫光. 17种常用除草剂对蚯蚓的急性毒性[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(6): 1269-1275.

Figures/Tables 3

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除草剂原药 Herbicide	供试剂量 Test dose/ (μg∙cm^-2)	t/h	回归方程 Regression equation	LC₅₀/ (μg∙cm^-2)	95%置信限 95% Confidence limits/(μg∙cm^-2)	相关系数r The correlation coefficient	毒性等级 Toxicity grade
二氯喹啉酸 Quinclorac	10, 100, 200, 500, 1000	24	y= -7.51+5.66x	161.8	59.3-441.6	0.873	低毒 Low toxicity
二氯喹啉酸 Quinclorac	10, 100, 200, 500, 1000	48	y= = -7.34+5.37x	143.0	53.4-382.5	0.878	低毒 Low toxicity
灭草松 Bentazone	50, 60, 80, 90, 100	24	y= -45.04+26.82x	73.4	65.3-82.5	0.928	中毒 Medium toxicity
灭草松 Bentazone	50, 60, 80, 90, 100	48	y= -33.19+21.36x	61.3	50.3-74.7	0.875	中毒 Medium toxicity
2甲4氯钠 MCPA-Na	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	24	y= -13.79+7.82x	252.4	152.2-418.8	0.900	低毒 Low toxicity
2甲4氯钠 MCPA-Na	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	48	y= -13.10+7.88x	198.2	118.5-331.6	0.927	低毒 Low toxicity
噁唑酰草胺 Metamifop	5, 10, 15, 20, 40	24	y= -1.61+6.63x	9.9	7.1-13.9	0.935	高毒 High toxicity
噁唑酰草胺 Metamifop	5, 10, 15, 20, 40	48	y= -1.78+7.69x	7.6	4.9-11.8	0.924	高毒 High toxicity
双草醚 Bispyribac-sodium	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	24	y= -20.95+8.77x	908.3	602.2-1369.9	0.910	低毒 Low toxicity
双草醚 Bispyribac-sodium	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	48	y= -17.99+8.17x	649.2	500.2-842.7	0.935	低毒 Low toxicity
丙草胺 Pretilachlor	2, 4, 8, 10, 100	24	y= -2.34+6.28x	14.8	10.4-20.9	0.977	中毒 Medium toxicity
丙草胺 Pretilachlor	2, 4, 8, 10, 100	48	y= -0.60+5.45x	10.7	7.7-14.8	0.977	中毒 Medium toxicity
高效氟吡甲禾灵 Haloxyfop-R-methyl	0.5, 1, 10, 50, 80	24	y=0.52+2.94x	33.3	23.0-48.3	0.992	中毒 Medium toxicity
高效氟吡甲禾灵 Haloxyfop-R-methyl	0.5, 1, 10, 50, 80	48	y=0.49+4.08x	12.7	6.0-27.1	0.953	中毒 Medium toxicity
苯唑草酮 Topramezone	100, 200, 400, 600, 800	24	y= -21.57+10.95x	266.4	205.6-345.3	0.960	低毒 Low toxicity
苯唑草酮 Topramezone	100, 200, 400, 600, 800	48	y= -21.19+11.27x	211.1	147.7-301.6	0.941	低毒 Low toxicity
烟嘧磺隆 Nicosulfuron	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	24	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
烟嘧磺隆 Nicosulfuron	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	48	y= -21.73+10.13x	433.7	278.7-674.9	0.900	低毒 Slight toxicity
草铵膦 Glufosinate ammonium	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	24	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
草铵膦 Glufosinate ammonium	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	48	‒	466.9	374.6-581.9	‒	低毒 Low toxicity
二甲戊灵 Pendimethalin	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	24	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
二甲戊灵 Pendimethalin	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	48	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
乙羧氟草醚 Fluoroglycofen	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	24	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
乙羧氟草醚 Fluoroglycofen	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	48	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
吡嘧磺隆 Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	24	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
吡嘧磺隆 Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	48	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
氰氟草酯 Cyhalofop-butyl	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	24	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
氰氟草酯 Cyhalofop-butyl	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	48	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
五氟磺草胺 Penoxsulam	200, 400, 600, 80, 1000	24	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
五氟磺草胺 Penoxsulam	200, 400, 600, 80, 1000	48	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
硝磺草酮 Mesotrione	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	24	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
硝磺草酮 Mesotrione	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	48	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
嘧啶肟草醚 Pyribenzoxim	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	24	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
嘧啶肟草醚 Pyribenzoxim	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	48	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity

除草剂原药 Herbicide	供试剂量 Test dose/ (μg∙cm^-2)	t/h	回归方程 Regression equation	LC₅₀/ (μg∙cm^-2)	95%置信限 95% Confidence limits/(μg∙cm^-2)	相关系数r The correlation coefficient	毒性等级 Toxicity grade
二氯喹啉酸 Quinclorac	10, 100, 200, 500, 1000	24	y= -7.51+5.66x	161.8	59.3-441.6	0.873	低毒 Low toxicity
二氯喹啉酸 Quinclorac	10, 100, 200, 500, 1000	48	y= = -7.34+5.37x	143.0	53.4-382.5	0.878	低毒 Low toxicity
灭草松 Bentazone	50, 60, 80, 90, 100	24	y= -45.04+26.82x	73.4	65.3-82.5	0.928	中毒 Medium toxicity
灭草松 Bentazone	50, 60, 80, 90, 100	48	y= -33.19+21.36x	61.3	50.3-74.7	0.875	中毒 Medium toxicity
2甲4氯钠 MCPA-Na	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	24	y= -13.79+7.82x	252.4	152.2-418.8	0.900	低毒 Low toxicity
2甲4氯钠 MCPA-Na	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	48	y= -13.10+7.88x	198.2	118.5-331.6	0.927	低毒 Low toxicity
噁唑酰草胺 Metamifop	5, 10, 15, 20, 40	24	y= -1.61+6.63x	9.9	7.1-13.9	0.935	高毒 High toxicity
噁唑酰草胺 Metamifop	5, 10, 15, 20, 40	48	y= -1.78+7.69x	7.6	4.9-11.8	0.924	高毒 High toxicity
双草醚 Bispyribac-sodium	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	24	y= -20.95+8.77x	908.3	602.2-1369.9	0.910	低毒 Low toxicity
双草醚 Bispyribac-sodium	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	48	y= -17.99+8.17x	649.2	500.2-842.7	0.935	低毒 Low toxicity
丙草胺 Pretilachlor	2, 4, 8, 10, 100	24	y= -2.34+6.28x	14.8	10.4-20.9	0.977	中毒 Medium toxicity
丙草胺 Pretilachlor	2, 4, 8, 10, 100	48	y= -0.60+5.45x	10.7	7.7-14.8	0.977	中毒 Medium toxicity
高效氟吡甲禾灵 Haloxyfop-R-methyl	0.5, 1, 10, 50, 80	24	y=0.52+2.94x	33.3	23.0-48.3	0.992	中毒 Medium toxicity
高效氟吡甲禾灵 Haloxyfop-R-methyl	0.5, 1, 10, 50, 80	48	y=0.49+4.08x	12.7	6.0-27.1	0.953	中毒 Medium toxicity
苯唑草酮 Topramezone	100, 200, 400, 600, 800	24	y= -21.57+10.95x	266.4	205.6-345.3	0.960	低毒 Low toxicity
苯唑草酮 Topramezone	100, 200, 400, 600, 800	48	y= -21.19+11.27x	211.1	147.7-301.6	0.941	低毒 Low toxicity
烟嘧磺隆 Nicosulfuron	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	24	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
烟嘧磺隆 Nicosulfuron	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	48	y= -21.73+10.13x	433.7	278.7-674.9	0.900	低毒 Slight toxicity
草铵膦 Glufosinate ammonium	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	24	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
草铵膦 Glufosinate ammonium	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	48	‒	466.9	374.6-581.9	‒	低毒 Low toxicity
二甲戊灵 Pendimethalin	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	24	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
二甲戊灵 Pendimethalin	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	48	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
乙羧氟草醚 Fluoroglycofen	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	24	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
乙羧氟草醚 Fluoroglycofen	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	48	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
吡嘧磺隆 Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	24	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
吡嘧磺隆 Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	48	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
氰氟草酯 Cyhalofop-butyl	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	24	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
氰氟草酯 Cyhalofop-butyl	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	48	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
五氟磺草胺 Penoxsulam	200, 400, 600, 80, 1000	24	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
五氟磺草胺 Penoxsulam	200, 400, 600, 80, 1000	48	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
硝磺草酮 Mesotrione	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	24	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
硝磺草酮 Mesotrione	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	48	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
嘧啶肟草醚 Pyribenzoxim	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	24	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity
嘧啶肟草醚 Pyribenzoxim	200, 400, 600, 800, 1000	48	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	微毒 Slight toxicity

除草剂原药 Herbicide	供试剂量 Test dose/ (mg∙kg^-1)	t/d	回归方程 Regression equation	LC₅₀/ (mg∙kg^-1)	95%置信限 95% Confidence limits/(mg∙kg^-1)	相关系数r The correlation coefficient	毒性等级 Toxicity grade
二氯喹啉酸 Quinclorac	100, 200, 500, 600, 800	7	y= -11.70+5.54x	1032.9	651.7-1637.0	0.957	低毒 Low toxicity
二氯喹啉酸 Quinclorac	100, 200, 500, 600, 800	14	y= -8.62+4.77x	715.0	401.0-1274.7	0.902	低毒 Low toxicity
灭草松 Bentazone	100, 200, 500, 600, 800	7	y= -0.50+1.49x	1062.3	971.5-1161.5	0.998	低毒 Low toxicity
灭草松 Bentazone	100, 200, 500, 600, 800	14	y=2.47+0.90x	649.5	527.1-800.2	0.983	低毒 Low toxicity
2甲4氯钠 MCPA-Na	200, 300, 400, 600, 800	7	y= -19.42+9.65x	340.3	256.5-451.6	0.903	低毒 Low toxicity
2甲4氯钠 MCPA-Na	200, 300, 400, 600, 800	14	y= -19.44+9.68x	335.0	256.0-438.3	0.913	低毒 Low toxicity
噁唑酰草胺 Metamifop	200, 300, 400, 500, 800	7	‒	>800.0	‒	‒	低毒 Low toxicity
噁唑酰草胺 Metamifop	200, 300, 400, 500, 800	14	y= -20.05+9.87x	345.7	257.4-464.3	0.881	低毒 Low toxicity
双草醚 Bispyribac-sodium	100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800	7	‒	>800.0	‒	‒	低毒 Low toxicity
双草醚 Bispyribac-sodium	100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800	14	‒	>800.0	‒	‒	低毒 Low toxicity
丙草胺 Pretilachlor	50, 100, 200, 300, 500	7	y=1.55+1.31x	423.1	210.1-852.3	0.891	低毒 Low toxicity
丙草胺 Pretilachlor	50, 100, 200, 300, 500	14	y= -1.79+1.38x	211.5	156.6-285.6	0.953	低毒 Low toxicity
高效氟吡甲禾灵 Haloxyfop-R-methyl	100, 150, 200, 500, 800, 1000	7	y= -12.43+7.71x	181.6	130.7-252.3	0.952	低毒 Low toxicity
高效氟吡甲禾灵 Haloxyfop-R-methyl	100, 150, 200, 500, 800, 1000	14	y= -9.78+6.80x	148.9	102.2-217.0	0.950	低毒 Low toxicity
乙羧氟草醚 Fluoroglycofen	200, 400, 500, 600, 800	7	y= -15.50+6.92x	914.4	677.3-1234.3	0.954	低毒 Low toxicity
乙羧氟草醚 Fluoroglycofen	200, 400, 500, 600, 800	14	y= -17.19+7.63x	810.0	658.9-995.9	0.971	低毒 Low toxicity
苯唑草酮 Topramezone	200, 400, 500, 600, 800	7	y= -3.14+2.79x	832.7	567.4-1222.2	0.915	低毒 Low toxicity
苯唑草酮 Topramezone	200, 400, 500, 600, 800	14	y= -1.90+2.50x	573.3	438.0-750.4	0.910	低毒 Low toxicity
烟嘧磺隆 Nicosulfuron	200, 400, 500, 600, 800	7	y= -17.55+7.84x	754.5	585.3-972.8	0.951	低毒 Low toxicity
烟嘧磺隆 Nicosulfuron	200, 400, 500, 600, 800	14	y= -17.61+7.94x	703.1	515.6-958.6	0.920	低毒 Low toxicity
草铵膦 Glufosinate ammonium	100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 800	7	‒	>800.0	‒	‒	低毒 Low toxicity
草铵膦 Glufosinate ammonium	100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 800	14	‒	>800.0	‒	‒	低毒 Low toxicity
二甲戊灵 Pendimethalin	200, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000	7	y= -13.72+6.98x	480.3	293.0-787.4	0.721	低毒 Low toxicity
二甲戊灵 Pendimethalin	200, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000	14	y= -17.64+8.93x	342.4	220.9-530.6	0.829	低毒 Low toxicity
吡嘧磺隆 Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl	200, 400, 500, 600, 1000	7	y= -15.33+6.53x	1292.6	569.7-2933.0	0.843	低毒 Low toxicity
吡嘧磺隆 Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl	200, 400, 500, 600, 1000	14	y= -5.87+4.10x	883.2	573.5-1360.0	0.906	低毒 Low toxicity
氰氟草酯 Cyhalofop-butyl	100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800	7	y= -0.57+1.29x	2703.1	2087.4-3500.3	0.991	低毒 Low toxicity
氰氟草酯 Cyhalofop-butyl	100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800	14	y=0.66+1.31x	2002.5	1083.6-3700.9	0.937	低毒 Low toxicity
五氟磺草胺 Penoxsulam	200, 400, 600, 600, 800, 1000	7	y= -0.79+1.63x	3645.4	1104.8-12028.0	0.887	低毒 Low toxicity
五氟磺草胺 Penoxsulam	200, 400, 600, 600, 800, 1000	14	y=0.54+1.30x	2756.4	1826.6-4159.3	0.979	低毒 Low toxicity
硝磺草酮 Mesotrione	200, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000	7	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	低毒 Low toxicity
硝磺草酮 Mesotrione	200, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000	14	y= -0.44+1.67x	1802.8	1082.0-3003.6	0.955	低毒 Low toxicity
嘧啶肟草醚 Pyribenzoxim	200, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000	7	y= -16.88+7.14x	1164.9	588.9-2428.0	0.851	低毒 Low toxicity
嘧啶肟草醚 Pyribenzoxim	200, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000	14	y= -2.71+2.50x	743.6	585.8-944.0	0.955	低毒 Low toxicity

除草剂原药 Herbicide	供试剂量 Test dose/ (mg∙kg^-1)	t/d	回归方程 Regression equation	LC₅₀/ (mg∙kg^-1)	95%置信限 95% Confidence limits/(mg∙kg^-1)	相关系数r The correlation coefficient	毒性等级 Toxicity grade
二氯喹啉酸 Quinclorac	100, 200, 500, 600, 800	7	y= -11.70+5.54x	1032.9	651.7-1637.0	0.957	低毒 Low toxicity
二氯喹啉酸 Quinclorac	100, 200, 500, 600, 800	14	y= -8.62+4.77x	715.0	401.0-1274.7	0.902	低毒 Low toxicity
灭草松 Bentazone	100, 200, 500, 600, 800	7	y= -0.50+1.49x	1062.3	971.5-1161.5	0.998	低毒 Low toxicity
灭草松 Bentazone	100, 200, 500, 600, 800	14	y=2.47+0.90x	649.5	527.1-800.2	0.983	低毒 Low toxicity
2甲4氯钠 MCPA-Na	200, 300, 400, 600, 800	7	y= -19.42+9.65x	340.3	256.5-451.6	0.903	低毒 Low toxicity
2甲4氯钠 MCPA-Na	200, 300, 400, 600, 800	14	y= -19.44+9.68x	335.0	256.0-438.3	0.913	低毒 Low toxicity
噁唑酰草胺 Metamifop	200, 300, 400, 500, 800	7	‒	>800.0	‒	‒	低毒 Low toxicity
噁唑酰草胺 Metamifop	200, 300, 400, 500, 800	14	y= -20.05+9.87x	345.7	257.4-464.3	0.881	低毒 Low toxicity
双草醚 Bispyribac-sodium	100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800	7	‒	>800.0	‒	‒	低毒 Low toxicity
双草醚 Bispyribac-sodium	100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800	14	‒	>800.0	‒	‒	低毒 Low toxicity
丙草胺 Pretilachlor	50, 100, 200, 300, 500	7	y=1.55+1.31x	423.1	210.1-852.3	0.891	低毒 Low toxicity
丙草胺 Pretilachlor	50, 100, 200, 300, 500	14	y= -1.79+1.38x	211.5	156.6-285.6	0.953	低毒 Low toxicity
高效氟吡甲禾灵 Haloxyfop-R-methyl	100, 150, 200, 500, 800, 1000	7	y= -12.43+7.71x	181.6	130.7-252.3	0.952	低毒 Low toxicity
高效氟吡甲禾灵 Haloxyfop-R-methyl	100, 150, 200, 500, 800, 1000	14	y= -9.78+6.80x	148.9	102.2-217.0	0.950	低毒 Low toxicity
乙羧氟草醚 Fluoroglycofen	200, 400, 500, 600, 800	7	y= -15.50+6.92x	914.4	677.3-1234.3	0.954	低毒 Low toxicity
乙羧氟草醚 Fluoroglycofen	200, 400, 500, 600, 800	14	y= -17.19+7.63x	810.0	658.9-995.9	0.971	低毒 Low toxicity
苯唑草酮 Topramezone	200, 400, 500, 600, 800	7	y= -3.14+2.79x	832.7	567.4-1222.2	0.915	低毒 Low toxicity
苯唑草酮 Topramezone	200, 400, 500, 600, 800	14	y= -1.90+2.50x	573.3	438.0-750.4	0.910	低毒 Low toxicity
烟嘧磺隆 Nicosulfuron	200, 400, 500, 600, 800	7	y= -17.55+7.84x	754.5	585.3-972.8	0.951	低毒 Low toxicity
烟嘧磺隆 Nicosulfuron	200, 400, 500, 600, 800	14	y= -17.61+7.94x	703.1	515.6-958.6	0.920	低毒 Low toxicity
草铵膦 Glufosinate ammonium	100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 800	7	‒	>800.0	‒	‒	低毒 Low toxicity
草铵膦 Glufosinate ammonium	100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 800	14	‒	>800.0	‒	‒	低毒 Low toxicity
二甲戊灵 Pendimethalin	200, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000	7	y= -13.72+6.98x	480.3	293.0-787.4	0.721	低毒 Low toxicity
二甲戊灵 Pendimethalin	200, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000	14	y= -17.64+8.93x	342.4	220.9-530.6	0.829	低毒 Low toxicity
吡嘧磺隆 Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl	200, 400, 500, 600, 1000	7	y= -15.33+6.53x	1292.6	569.7-2933.0	0.843	低毒 Low toxicity
吡嘧磺隆 Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl	200, 400, 500, 600, 1000	14	y= -5.87+4.10x	883.2	573.5-1360.0	0.906	低毒 Low toxicity
氰氟草酯 Cyhalofop-butyl	100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800	7	y= -0.57+1.29x	2703.1	2087.4-3500.3	0.991	低毒 Low toxicity
氰氟草酯 Cyhalofop-butyl	100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800	14	y=0.66+1.31x	2002.5	1083.6-3700.9	0.937	低毒 Low toxicity
五氟磺草胺 Penoxsulam	200, 400, 600, 600, 800, 1000	7	y= -0.79+1.63x	3645.4	1104.8-12028.0	0.887	低毒 Low toxicity
五氟磺草胺 Penoxsulam	200, 400, 600, 600, 800, 1000	14	y=0.54+1.30x	2756.4	1826.6-4159.3	0.979	低毒 Low toxicity
硝磺草酮 Mesotrione	200, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000	7	‒	>1000.0	‒	‒	低毒 Low toxicity
硝磺草酮 Mesotrione	200, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000	14	y= -0.44+1.67x	1802.8	1082.0-3003.6	0.955	低毒 Low toxicity
嘧啶肟草醚 Pyribenzoxim	200, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000	7	y= -16.88+7.14x	1164.9	588.9-2428.0	0.851	低毒 Low toxicity
嘧啶肟草醚 Pyribenzoxim	200, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000	14	y= -2.71+2.50x	743.6	585.8-944.0	0.955	低毒 Low toxicity

Acute Toxicity of Seventeen Herbicides Commonly Used to Earthworm (Eisenia fetida)

17种常用除草剂对蚯蚓的急性毒性

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