Characteristics and Source Analysis of Black Carbon Pollution Changes in Ji’nan City

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.04.007

Ecology and Environment ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 560-572.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.04.007

• Research Article [Environmental Sciences] • Previous Articles Next Articles

Characteristics and Source Analysis of Black Carbon Pollution Changes in Ji’nan City

ZHANG Miao¹(), WANG Guixia¹, WANG Changwei¹, HE Yanyun², XU Yanfang¹, LI Qi¹, XU Yang¹, ZHANG Junxiao³, ZHANG Guiqin³^,^*()

1. Shandong Provincial Eco-Environment Monitoring Center, Ji’nan 250101, P. R. China
2. Beijing Met High-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 102299, P. R. China
3. School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji’nan 250101, P. R. China

Received:2023-12-09 Online:2024-04-18 Published:2024-05-31
Contact: ZHANG Guiqin

济南市区黑碳污染变化特征及来源解析

张淼¹(), 王桂霞¹, 王昌伟¹, 贺艳云², 许艳芳¹, 李琪¹, 许杨¹, 张俊骁³, 张桂芹³^,^*()

1.山东省生态环境监测中心，山东济南 250101
2.北京迈特高科技术有限公司，北京 102299
3.山东建筑大学市政与环境工程学院，山东济南 250101

通讯作者: 张桂芹
作者简介:张淼（1979年生），男，高级工程师，硕士，研究方向为环境空气质量监测。E-mail: zhangmiao@shandong.cn
基金资助:
山东省自然科学基金重大基础研究项目(ZR2020ZD21);山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2021MD013)

Abstract

Abstract:

Black Carbon (BC) is a significant contributor to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution, necessitating thorough investigation into its variation characteristics and sources for effective PM2.5 control. We used a Magee Aethalometer AE33 to conduct online continuous observations of BC concentration at the central station (1#) in the urban area of Jinan, from January 2020 to December 2021, to study the characteristics and sources of atmospheric BC particulate pollution. Synchronous online observations of PM_2.5, nitrogen oxides (NO_x), and carbon monoxide (CO) mass concentrations were also undertaken to obtain the characteristics of BC concentration changes in the urban area, explore the relationship between BC and major atmospheric pollutants, and quantitatively analyze daily variation of BC emission sources in the urban area of Jinan, based on BC monitoring at the provincial central station (2#). Additionally, typical pollution process was selected to study the transport effects of BC from different emission sources. Average BC mass concentration at 1# was (1.86±1.21) μg·m^-3, exhibiting positive correlations with PM_2.5 and CO. BC concentration showed distinct annual, seasonal, daily, and weekly variations, with a 14% decrease observed in 2021 compared to 2020. The BC mass concentrations were lowest in spring (1.47±0.51) μg·m^-3, followed by summer (1.60±0.43) μg·m^-3, autumn (1.99±0.77) μg·m^-3, and winter (2.48±1.17) μg·m^-3. The BC was affected by the morning and evening rush hours of traffic, showing a double-peak in daily concentrations. The concentration was higher on weekends than weekdays in spring and summer, with an apparent “weekend effect”. Source analysis results showed that traffic emissions were the main source of BC. The average proportion of BC traffic sources (BC_traffic/BC) in 2020 and 2021 was highest in summer (0.81), followed by autumn (0.79), spring (0.76), and winter (0.67). Patterns of daily variation of BC_traffic in different seasons also confirmed that traffic played a dominant role as a source of BC. The changes of 2# station were similar to those of 1# station, but the BC concentrations were usually higher than that of 1# station due to the influence of traffic flow and industrial sources. During typical PM_2.5 pollution periods, BC was affected not only by local emission sources, but also by transportation impacts from northern Jinan, Dezhou City, and Hengshui City in Hebei Province. The influence of wind fields on BC_traffic and BC_nontraffic concentrations showed that the surrounding sources were the main emission sources at this site. BC_traffic was significantly affected by emissions from busy road sections, including the tourist road tunnel in the southwest direction and the Shunhua Road in the northeast direction.

Key words: black carbon (BC), spatiotemporal variation characteristics, BC/PM_2.5, source apportionment, concentration-weighted trajectory analysis, potential source contribution factors

摘要：

黑碳（BC）作为细颗粒物（PM_2.5）的重要来源之一，探究其变化特征及来源对PM_2.5管控具有指导意义。为了研究济南市区大气黑碳颗粒物污染变化特征及来源，于2020年1月－2021年12月在济南市区选择市中心站（1#）利用Magee公司AE33型黑碳仪对黑碳浓度展开了在线连续观测，还开展了PM_2.5、氮氧化物（NO_x）、一氧化碳（CO）质量浓度的同步在线观测，获得了市区黑碳浓度变化特征，探究了BC与主要大气污染物的关系，并结合省中心站（2#）BC监测，定量解析了济南市区BC排放来源的日变化特征，同时选取典型污染过程研究不同排放源黑碳的传输影响。结果表明，整个观测时段1# BC平均质量浓度为 (1.86±1.21) μg·m^-3，BC与PM_2.5和CO呈正相关关系。BC质量浓度呈现明显的年、季节、周和日变化特征，2021年BC较2020年下降约0.28 μg·m^-3，下降比例为14%，BC质量浓度春 (1.47±0.51) μg·m^-3<夏 (1.60±0.43) μg·m^-3<秋 (1.99±0.77) μg·m^-3<冬 (2.48±1.17) μg·m^-3；BC受交通早晚高峰的影响呈现双峰型日变化特征，春夏季周末浓度高于工作日，具有比较明显的“周末效应”。源解析结果表明，交通排放为BC主要来源，2020年和2021年BC交通源贡献均值占比 (BC_traffic/BC)夏 (0.81)>秋 (0.79)>春 (0.76)>冬 (0.67)，不同季节BC_traffic日变化特征也证实了交通源对BC贡献占主导作用，2#省中心站与1#市中心站变化相似，但受交通流量与工业源影响BC浓度通常高于1#市中心站，典型PM_2.5污染期间BC除受近距离局地排放源影响外，还有济南北部、德州市和河北衡水市传输影响。风场对BC_traffic和BC_nontraffic浓度的影响显示该站点以周边源排放为主，BC_traffic受西南方向的旅游路隧道及东北方向舜华路等交通繁忙路段排放影响明显。

关键词: 黑碳（BC）, 时空变化特征, BC/PM_2.5, 来源解析, 浓度权重轨迹分析, 潜在源贡献因子分析

CLC Number:

ZHANG Miao, WANG Guixia, WANG Changwei, HE Yanyun, XU Yanfang, LI Qi, XU Yang, ZHANG Junxiao, ZHANG Guiqin. Characteristics and Source Analysis of Black Carbon Pollution Changes in Ji’nan City[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(4): 560-572.

张淼, 王桂霞, 王昌伟, 贺艳云, 许艳芳, 李琪, 许杨, 张俊骁, 张桂芹. 济南市区黑碳污染变化特征及来源解析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(4): 560-572.

Figures/Tables 14

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季节	采样时间
春季	2020年3月16日－5月31日、2021年3月16日－5月31日
夏季	2020年6月1日－8月31日、2021年6月1日－8月31日
秋季	2020年9月1日－11月15日、2021年9月1日－11月15日
冬季	2020年1月1日－3月15日、2020年11月16日－12月31日、2021年1月1日－3月15日、2021年11月16日－12月31日

季节	采样时间
春季	2020年3月16日－5月31日、2021年3月16日－5月31日
夏季	2020年6月1日－8月31日、2021年6月1日－8月31日
秋季	2020年9月1日－11月15日、2021年9月1日－11月15日
冬季	2020年1月1日－3月15日、2020年11月16日－12月31日、2021年1月1日－3月15日、2021年11月16日－12月31日

观测时段	城市	ρ_BC (均值±标准偏差)/(μg·m^-3)	观测设备	参考文献
2020年1月－2021年12月	济南 (中国)	1.86±1.21	AE33	本研究
2014年	北京 (中国)	11.35±5.2	AE51	严晗等, 2014
2018年	西安 (中国)	1.3‒3.6	AE51	吴创等, 2020
2017年12月－2020年8－10月	上海 (中国)	1.51±0.989	AE31	Jia et al., 2021
2015年1－12月	烟台 (中国)	1.4±0.9 (DH站点); 3.2±2.2 (HW站点)	AE33	Tang et al., 2022
2017年1月	曼谷 (泰国)	4.5±1.9	AE42	Phanukarn et al., 2020
2017年6－7月	多伦多 (加拿大)	0.5‒2 (NR-Tor-2站点)	AE33	Evans et al., 2019
2017年3月－2018年3月; 2017年7月－2018年7月	德黑兰 (伊朗)	4.69‒7.48 (白天); 8.06‒14.2 (夜晚)	AE33、AE31	Taheri et al., 2019
2015年10月	赫尔辛基 (芬兰)	0.90±0.74	AE33	Blanco-alegre et al., 2020
2009年	米兰 (意大利)	3.1±1.7 (管控区); 6.3±2.9 (非管控区)	AE51	Invernizzi et al., 2011
2013年2月1－8日	布拉加 (葡萄牙)	21±10 (隧道)	AE31	Blanco-alegre et al., 2020

观测时段	城市	ρ_BC (均值±标准偏差)/(μg·m^-3)	观测设备	参考文献
2020年1月－2021年12月	济南 (中国)	1.86±1.21	AE33	本研究
2014年	北京 (中国)	11.35±5.2	AE51	严晗等, 2014
2018年	西安 (中国)	1.3‒3.6	AE51	吴创等, 2020
2017年12月－2020年8－10月	上海 (中国)	1.51±0.989	AE31	Jia et al., 2021
2015年1－12月	烟台 (中国)	1.4±0.9 (DH站点); 3.2±2.2 (HW站点)	AE33	Tang et al., 2022
2017年1月	曼谷 (泰国)	4.5±1.9	AE42	Phanukarn et al., 2020
2017年6－7月	多伦多 (加拿大)	0.5‒2 (NR-Tor-2站点)	AE33	Evans et al., 2019
2017年3月－2018年3月; 2017年7月－2018年7月	德黑兰 (伊朗)	4.69‒7.48 (白天); 8.06‒14.2 (夜晚)	AE33、AE31	Taheri et al., 2019
2015年10月	赫尔辛基 (芬兰)	0.90±0.74	AE33	Blanco-alegre et al., 2020
2009年	米兰 (意大利)	3.1±1.7 (管控区); 6.3±2.9 (非管控区)	AE51	Invernizzi et al., 2011
2013年2月1－8日	布拉加 (葡萄牙)	21±10 (隧道)	AE31	Blanco-alegre et al., 2020

季节	BC/CO			BC/PM_2.5
季节	检验统计量值/10³	p值	Bonferroni校正p值	检验统计量值/10³	p值	Bonferroni校正p值
春-夏	-3.18	0.000*¹⁾	0.000*	-2.67	0.000*	0.000*
春-秋	-4.74	0.000*	0.000*	-2.68	0.000*	0.000*
春-冬	-3.25	0.000*	0.000*	0.779	0.000*	0.000*
夏-秋	-1.56	0.000*	0.000*	-0.018	0.868	1.000
夏-冬	-0.074	0.449	1.000	3.45	0.000*	0.000*
秋-冬	-1.49	0.000*	0.000*	3.46	0.000*	0.000*

Characteristics and Source Analysis of Black Carbon Pollution Changes in Ji’nan City

济南市区黑碳污染变化特征及来源解析

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