Abstract:

The status of fungal content in soil is one of the important indexes to evaluate the change of soil fertility, which has a great influence on soil nutrient content and crop root vitality, and plays an important role in maintaining the balance of soil ecosystem and quality. Zhaotong is one of the main potato producing areas in China, with an annual planting area of more than 200000 hectares. Buckwheat and Adsuki Bean are also important crops in Zhaotong. The local planting area is relatively large, and potato continuous cropping and rotation among these three crops occur from time to time in production. In order to reveal the influence of different rotation modes of these three crops on their rhizosphere fungal community structure, the three crops were rotated in different combinations and orders for two years in 2017 and 2018 in Zhaoyang District, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province. The rhizosphere soils of 9 rotation modes were selected for fungal community analysis when harvested in mid-September 2018. The results showed that a total of 10 phyla and 32 genera of fungi were detected. The dominant phyla are Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota. Among the treatments, the fungus content was the most abundant in potato continuous cropping, adsuki bean-potato rotation and adsuki bean-buckwheat rotation, while the fungus content was the lowest in the rotation of potato-buckwheat and buckwheat-potato. The species and abundance of dominant genera of fungi vary greatly in different levels of crop rotation. The diversity of fungi in continuous cropping was significantly higher than that in rotation cropping. The diversity and abundance of fungi were lower in potato and buckwheat rotation, and higher in potato and adsuki bean rotation, followed by buckwheat and adzuki bean rotation. Different rotation methods had different effects on the community structure of rhizosphere soil fungi. Therefore, in order to realize the protection and sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources and promote the continuous improvement of potato production level, appropriate farming system and crop rotation should be selected according to the actual situation of local agricultural production.

Key words: Solanum tuberosum L., Fagopyrum esculentum, Vigna umbellata, rotation, rhizosphere soil, fungal community

摘要：

土壤中真菌含量状况是评价土壤肥力变化的重要指标之一,对土壤养分含量和作物根系的活力具有较大的影响,对于保持土壤生态系统的平衡以及土壤质量方面都具有重要的作用。昭通是中国马铃薯的主产区之一,常年种植面积在20×10⁴ hm²以上;荞麦和赤小豆也是该市的重要作物,在当地种植面积较大;马铃薯连作和这3种作物之间的轮作在生产上时有发生。为揭示这3种作物不同轮作方式对其根际真菌群落结构的影响,于2017年和2018年在云南省昭通市昭阳区将3种作物按照不同组合和顺序轮作2年,在2018年9月中旬收获时取9种轮作方式的根际土壤进行真菌群落分析。结果表明,共检测出10个真菌门类和32种真菌属,优势真菌门类是Ascomycota（子囊菌门）、Basidiomycota（担子菌门）和Mortierellomycota（被孢霉门）。在各处理中,马铃薯连作、赤小豆-马铃薯和赤小豆-荞麦含量最丰富,而马铃薯-荞麦和荞麦-马铃薯的轮作方式含量最低。真菌属水平以轮作方式不同其优势属的种类和丰度差异较大;真菌属多样性连作明显高于轮作处理;真菌多样性和丰度较低的是马铃薯和荞麦的轮作,马铃薯和赤小豆轮作其优势属的多样性和丰度较大,其次是荞麦和赤小豆。不同的轮作方式对根际土壤真菌群落结构有不同的影响,所以生产中应根据当地的农业生产实际情况选择适宜的耕作制度和轮作方式,以实现对耕地资源的保护和可持续利用,同时促进马铃薯生产水平的不断提高。

关键词: 马铃薯, 荞麦, 赤小豆, 轮作, 根际土壤, 真菌群落