Abstract:

In this paper, a heavy-duty chassis dynamometer test system was used to analyze the carbonaceous gaseous pollutants and particulate matter (PM) from six diesel vehicles, which met the China IV or China V emission standards, by applying Beijing VI diesel, China V diesel, and diesel mixed biofuel B5 (5% biodiesel+95%diesel) under the bus cycle of typical Chinese cities. During the test, the vehicle was fixed on the chassis dynamometer for resistance loading according to 75% of the loaded mass of the vehicle. The vehicle ran on the chassis dynamometer according to the driving conditions specified by the simulation without being restricted by the actual road traffic conditions. The number of particulate matter (PN), mass of particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the vehicle's exhaust were measured, and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions were calculated based on fuel consumption. The results showed that the differences in hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from China V diesel vehicles compared with the China IV diesel vehicles fueled by Beijing VI diesel, China V diesel and B5 biodiesel were not significant. However, the carbon monoxide (CO) emissions of China V diesel vehicles decreased by 70.7%, 67.9%, 67.1% respectively compared with that of China IV diesel vehicles. The carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions of China V vehicles were 19.0%, 15.8%, and 18.5% lower than those of China IV vehicles. Compared with China IV diesel vehicles, the particulate number of China V diesel vehicles was reduced by 46.2%, 62.9%, and 57.4%, respectively, while the particulate matter of China V diesel vehicles was reduced by 57.1%, 41.7%, 50.0%, respectively. In general, compared with the Beijing VI diesel and China V diesel, the hydrocarbons (HC) emissions of diesel vehicles fueled by B5 biodiesel reduced by 1.6% and 4.2%, the carbon monoxide (CO) emissions of diesel vehicles fueled by B5 biodiesel reduced by 2.1% and 8.3%, the carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions of diesel vehicles fueled by B5 biodiesel increased by 0.04% and 0.58%. Our research presented the emission characteristics of carbonaceous regulatory pollutants from diesel vehicles, and shed light on corresponding management of synergizing the reduction of pollution and carbon emissions from diesel vehicles.

Key words: diesel vehicles, fuel property, emission standard, carbonaceous gaseous pollutants, particulate matter

摘要：

应用重型底盘测功机测试系统,对比分析了国Ⅳ、国Ⅴ柴油公交车分别燃用京Ⅵ柴油、国Ⅴ柴油和B5生物柴油（5%生物柴油+95%石油柴油）在中国典型城市公交车循环下的含碳污染物和颗粒物（PM）排放特性。试验时将车辆固定在底盘测功机上根据车辆装载质量的75%进行阻力加载,公交车在底盘测功机上根据模拟指定的行驶工况运行而不受实际道路交通情况的限制。测量车辆排放尾气中的颗粒物数量（PN）、颗粒物质量（PM）、碳氢化合物（HC）和一氧化碳（CO）的排放量,再根据油耗计算出二氧化碳（CO₂）的排放量。结果表明,燃用京Ⅵ柴油、国Ⅴ柴油和B5生物柴油的国Ⅳ车与国Ⅴ车相比,碳氢化合物（HC）的排放量受油品影响不大,国Ⅴ车一氧化碳（CO）的排放量与国Ⅳ车相比分别下降70.7%、67.9%、67.1%,国Ⅴ车二氧化碳（CO₂）的排放量与国Ⅳ车相比分别下降19.0%、15.8%、18.5%,国Ⅴ车与国Ⅳ车相比颗粒数量分别减少46.2%、62.9%、57.4%,而颗粒质量国Ⅴ车相对国Ⅳ车分别减少57.1%、41.7%、50.0%。总体上柴油车燃用的B5生物柴油和京Ⅵ柴油、国Ⅴ柴油相比,碳氢化合物（HC）平均排放量分别下降1.6%和4.2%,一氧化碳（CO）平均排放量分别下降2.1%和8.3%,二氧化碳（CO₂）平均排放量上升0.04%和0.58%。该研究分析柴油车含碳法规污染物的排放特性,获得的研究结果对于柴油车的减污降碳协同增效等相应控制管理具有一定的参考价值。

关键词: 柴油公交车, 油品, 排放标准, 含碳气态污染物, 颗粒物