大气干旱对中国典型温带生态系统植被生产力的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.07.005

生态环境学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 1037-1044.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.07.005

大气干旱对中国典型温带生态系统植被生产力的影响

秦美欧¹(), 姜鹏²^,⁵, 温日红³^,⁴^,⁵, 朱梦媛⁶, 杨霏云⁷, 冯艾琳², 方缘², 蔡福³^,⁴^,⁵^,^*()

¹ 辽宁省气候中心，辽宁沈阳 110166
² 辽宁省农业气象和卫星遥感中心，辽宁沈阳 110166
³ 中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所，辽宁沈阳 110166
⁴ 沈阳农业与生态气象研究院，辽宁沈阳 110166
⁵ 辽宁省农业气象灾害重点实验室，辽宁沈阳 110166
⁶ 辽宁省气象服务中心，辽宁沈阳 110166
⁷ 中国气象局气象干部培训学院，北京 100081

收稿日期:2025-06-17 修回日期:2026-06-08 接受日期:2026-06-15 出版日期:2026-07-18 发布日期:2026-07-17
通讯作者: *蔡福,caifu@iaesy.cn
作者简介:秦美欧（1988年生），女，工程师，研究方向为农业影响预报预测。E-mail: Qinmi@iaesy.cn
基金资助:
辽宁省科技计划联合计划项目(2024JH2/102600163);辽宁省气候中心科研项目(LNQH202402);辽宁省科技计划联合计划项目(2024-MSLH-504);辽宁省气象局科技项目(202414)

Effects of Atmospheric Drought on Vegetation Productivity in Typical Temperate Ecosystems of China

Qin Meiou¹(), Jiang Peng²^,⁵, Wen Rihong³^,⁴^,⁵, Zhu Mengyuan⁶, Yang Feiyun⁷, Feng Ailin², Fang Yuan², Cai Fu³^,⁴^,⁵^,^*()

¹ Liaoning Climate Center, Shenyang 110166, P. R. China
² Liaoning Agricultural Meteorology and Satellite Remote Sensing Center, Shenyang 110166, P. R. China
³ Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, P. R. China
⁴ Shenyang Institute of Agricultural and Ecological Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Shenyang 110166, P. R. China
⁵ Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Disasters, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110166, P. R. China
⁶ Liaoning Provincial Meteorological Service Center, Shenyang 110166, P. R. China
⁷ China Meteorological Administration Training Center, Beijing 100081, P. R. China

Received:2025-06-17 Revised:2026-06-08 Accepted:2026-06-15 Online:2026-07-18 Published:2026-07-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水分是温带生态系统总初级生产力（GPP）时空变异的关键因子。大量研究发现温带生态系统大气水分亏缺（VPD）增加（即大气干旱）显著抑制GPP，但其效应是否受到土壤水分（SWC）调控，以及是否普遍存在于所有温带系统，尚不清楚。该研究选取中国陆地生态系统通量观测研究网络（ChinaFLUX）中的内蒙古温带草原内蒙古站和长白山温带森林长白山站作为研究对象，对比解析两站点间GPP对VPD的响应特征及驱动机制。结果表明，整体上，温带森林GPP与VPD呈正相关，而温带草原二者呈负相关。在温带草原水分受限时期，VPD显著抑制GPP；随着SWC的改善，VPD抑制效应显著降低，说明SWC正向调控VPD对GPP的负效应。在温带森林中，不同水分条件下VPD均与GPP呈显著正相关，但VPD的正向效应受SWC负向调控（即高SWC时VPD正效应减弱）。结构方程模型揭示，在温带草原中，水分受限时期，强辐射和低降水通过降低相对湿度和升高土壤温度而增加VPD，进而抑制GPP；在水分充足的温带森林中，水分受限期的良好光照和温度条件主导了GPP增加，抵消了潜在VPD的负效应。该研究揭示了不同温带生态系统（草原、森林）中VPD对GPP的影响存在明显的异质性，且均受SWC的关键调控，为准确评估未来加剧的大气干旱对生态系统功能的影响提供了重要依据。

关键词: 大气水分亏缺, 土壤水分, 总初级生产力, 温带草原, 温带森林

Abstract:

Water is a key factor governing the spatiotemporal variability of gross primary productivity (GPP) in temperate ecosystems. A large body of research has demonstrated that elevated vapor pressure deficit (VPD)—a proxy for atmospheric drought—exerts a significant inhibitory effect on GPP in temperate ecosystems. However, two critical questions remain unresolved: whether this inhibitory effect is mediated by soil water content (SWC), and whether such a relationship holds universally across all temperate ecosystems. In this study, we selected two representative sites from the Chinese Terrestrial Ecosystem Flux Research Network (ChinaFLUX): a temperate steppe site in Inner Mongolia and a temperate forest site on Changbai Mountain. We comparatively analyzed the response characteristics of GPP to VPD and the underlying driving mechanisms at these two sites. The results showed that, overall, GPP was positively correlated with VPD in the temperate forest, whereas a negative correlation was observed in the temperate steppe. During periods of water limitation in the steppe, VPD significantly suppressed GPP; this inhibitory effect was markedly alleviated with increasing SWC, indicating that SWC exerts a positive regulatory role in mitigating the negative impact of VPD on GPP. In the forest, GPP remained significantly and positively correlated with VPD across all soil moisture conditions, but the magnitude of this positive effect was negatively regulated by SWC (i.e., the positive effect of VPD diminished under high SWC levels). Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that during water-limited periods in the steppe, high solar radiation and low precipitation increased VPD by reducing relative humidity and elevating soil temperature, thereby inhibiting GPP. In contrast, during water-limited periods in the forest—which maintains favorable soil moisture status—the positive effects of adequate light and temperature conditions dominated the enhancement of GPP, offsetting the potential negative impact of VPD. This study highlights the pronounced heterogeneity in the effects of VPD on GPP across different temperate ecosystems (steppe vs. forest), with SWC playing a pivotal regulatory role in both systems. Our findings provide critical insights for accurately assessing the impacts of intensifying atmospheric drought on ecosystem functions under future climate scenarios.

Key words: atmospheric water demand, soil water content, gross primary productivity, temperate steppe, temperate forest

中图分类号:

Q948
X173

秦美欧, 姜鹏, 温日红, 朱梦媛, 杨霏云, 冯艾琳, 方缘, 蔡福. 大气干旱对中国典型温带生态系统植被生产力的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2026, 35(7): 1037-1044.

Qin Meiou, Jiang Peng, Wen Rihong, Zhu Mengyuan, Yang Feiyun, Feng Ailin, Fang Yuan, Cai Fu. Effects of Atmospheric Drought on Vegetation Productivity in Typical Temperate Ecosystems of China[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2026, 35(7): 1037-1044.

图/表 5

图1 内蒙古站和长白山站GPP以及环境因子的季节变化特征 GPP：生态系统总初级生产力；VPD：饱和水汽压差；PAR：光合有效辐射

Figure 1 Seasonal dynamic of GPP and environmental factors at Inner Mongolia station (NM, red line) and Changbai Mountain (CBS, blue line)

图2 不同水分梯度中GPP和环境因子的变化趋势 GPP：生态系统总初级生产力；PAR：光合有效辐射；SWC：土壤水分体积分数；TA：空气温度；VPD：饱和水汽压差。图中点和误差线为各个指标的均值±1倍标准误

Figure 2 Variations in GPP and environment factors under different water gradients

图3 不同土壤水分梯度条件下GPP和VPD关系分析 GPP：生态系统总初级生产力；Ln（VPD）表示饱和水汽压差（VPD）对数值。r表示变量间的相关系数；***表示相关性达到显著水平，p<0.01

Figure 3 Relationships between GPP and VPD under different water gradients

图4 基于多元线性回归的SWC、VPD及其交互作用对GPP季节变异的影响 SWC：土壤水分体积分数；VPD：饱和水汽压差；SWC×VPD：SWC和VPD交互效应。图中点和误差线为回归系数±1倍标准误

Figure 4 Effects of SWC, VPD and their interaction on seasonal variability of GPP based on multiple linear regressions

图5 长白山和内蒙古站生物和非生物因子对GPP影响的路径分析图中红色线表示负相关的路径系数，蓝色线表示正相关的路径系数，线的粗细表示路径系数大小以及路径效应的强弱；不显著的路径系数使用灰色线表示。PPT：降水量；PAR：光合有效辐射；Ts：土壤温度；RH：相对湿度；SWC：土壤水分体积分数；VPD：饱和水汽压差；GPP：生态系统总初级生产力。Chi-square：卡方统计量；NFI（Normed Fit Index）：规范拟合指数；RMSEA（Root Mean Square Error of Approximation）：近似均方根误差

Figure 5 Results of path analysis examining impacts of abiotic and biotic factors on GPP in NM and CBS stations

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大气干旱对中国典型温带生态系统植被生产力的影响

Effects of Atmospheric Drought on Vegetation Productivity in Typical Temperate Ecosystems of China

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